Thermoluminescence Characteristics of Terbium Doped Zinc Borates

In this work, structural and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics for ZnB2O4:xTb3+ (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.10 mole) phosphors were investigated. The phosphors were prepared via synthesis of nitric acid. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that the synthesized samples can be indexed to nearly single-phase cubic ZnB2O4. The TL characteristics following 90Sr beta irradiation (40 mCi) were studied. TL intensity is found to depend on Tb concentration. The optimal concentration of the doped Tb3+ is 0.03 mol in TL measurements. TL dose responses of the phosphors to beta doses of 0.143, 0.715, 1.43, 15, 30 and 60 Gy showed fairly linear behavior. The minimum detectable dose (MDD) value for ZnB2O4:0.04Tb3+ was found to be 87 mGy. The kinetic parameters of the ZnB2O4:0.03Tb3+ sample were estimated by the glow curve deconvolution, the initial rise, the curve fitting, and the peak shape methods. The results indicate that these phosphors are thought to be promising candidates as TL materials. The results provide valuable knowledge of the characteristics of Tb-doped ZnB2O4 for use in dosimetry research

Thermoluminescence characteristics of Zn(BO2)(2):Ce3+ under beta irradiation

WOS: 000371608500003PubMed ID: 26142459In this study, the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of undoped and various Ce3+-doped Zn(BO2)(2) powder samples excited by beta irradiation are reported for the inot signrst time. Zn(BO2)(2):Ce3+ powder samples were prepared by the nitric acid method (NAM) using the starting oxides [zinc oxide (ZnO), boric acid (H3BO3) and doped element oxide (CeO2)]. The formations of the obtained samples were confirmed by an X-ray diffraction study. Dose responses of Ce3+-doped Zn(BO2)(2) samples were investigated after the beta irradiation in the dose range from 143 mGy to 60 Gy. All TL measurements were made on using an automated Riso TL/OSL DA-20 reader. TL emission was detected through a filter pack (Schott BG-39 and Corning 7-59) transmitting between 330 and 480 nm. TL glow curves were obtained using a constant heating rate of 5A degrees C s(-1) from room temperature (RT) to 450A degrees C in an N-2 atmosphere. The dose response and minimum detectable dose (MDD) values of the samples were determined. The dose responses of all the samples tested exhibited a superlinear behaviour. MDD value of 4 % Ce3+-doped Zn(BO2)(2) sample, which shows a high temperature peak at about 230A degrees C, was determined as 96 mGy. MDD values for 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 % Ce3+-doped Zn(BO2)(2) samples were also determined as 682, 501, 635, 320 and 824 mGy, respectively. The trap parameters of undoped and 4 % Ce3+-doped Zn(BO2)(2) samples were estimated by the computerised glow curve deconvolution method

Does participation of nursing students in social activities affect their social emotional learning skills?

Background: One of the basic conditions for raising qualified and equipped individuals in today's world is to ensure their participation in social activities. Participation in social activities supports the development of social emotional learning skills in individuals. Providing scientific evidence supporting social emotional learning is also important for developing the social emotional learning skills of nursing students

Gamma-ray and neutron shielding properties of some soil samples

579-587Gamma-ray and neutron shielding properties of five different types of soil samples, namely clay loam, clay, loam, sandy clay loam and sandy loam have been studied in the present paper. Gamma-ray shielding effectiveness of the soil samples was studied by mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer thickness and exposure build-up factors (EBFs). The EBFs of the soil samples were calculated by GP (Geometrical Progression) fitting formula for the wide photon energy range (0.015-15 MeV) up to the penetration depths of 40 mean free paths. Fast neutron (2-12 MeV) removal cross-section of the soil samples was calculated by partial density method. The photon energy, chemical composition and penetration depth dependency of EBFs of all the soil samples have also been studied. The clay loam among the selected soil samples was found to be the good soil radiation shielding material. This study should be useful for various applications of soil for gamma-ray and neutron shielding

Gamma-ray and neutron shielding properties of some soil samples

Gamma-ray and neutron shielding properties of five different types of soil samples, namely clay loam, clay, loam, sandy clay loam and sandy loam have been studied in the present paper. Gamma-ray shielding effectiveness of the soil samples was studied by mass attenuation coefficient, half-value layer thickness and exposure build-up factors (EBFs). The EBFs of the soil samples were calculated by GP (Geometrical Progression) fitting formula for the wide photon energy range (0.015-15 MeV) up to the penetration depths of 40 mean free paths. Fast neutron (2-12 MeV) removal cross-section of the soil samples was calculated by partial density method. The photon energy, chemical composition and penetration depth dependency of EBFs of all the soil samples have also been studied. The clay loam among the selected soil samples was found to be the good soil radiation shielding material. This study should be useful for various applications of soil for gamma-ray and neutron shielding

Evaluation of the effect of obesity on self-respect and sexuality in women

Objective: The study was put into practice as descriptive in the aim of evaluating the effect of obesity on self-respect and sexuality in women. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 184 volunteer women who did not go through menopause, had the body mass index of (BMI) = 30 kg/m(2). The data of the study was collected by Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, Body Perception Scale and Female Sexual Satisfaction Scale. Results: The women were determined as having high self-esteem level and as having low body-image level. It is also determined that as the BMI of the women increased, the body image of the women decreased significantly, and there is no significant connection in between BMI and sexual satisfaction. Discussion: It was detected that as the body image of the obese women decreased, their sexual satisfaction decreased significantly and self-esteem of the women effected the sexual satisfaction of the women

Effects of isokinetic, isometric, and aerobic exercises on clinical variables and knee cartilage volume using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with osteoarthritis

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of isokinetic, isometric, and aerobic exercise protocols on pain, disability, physical function, and articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. Patients and methods: A total of 45 women (mean age 52.1 years; range 45 to 65 years) who were admitted to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis between May 2008 and January 2010 were included. The patients were randomly divided into three groups as isokinetic (n=15), aerobic (n=15), and isometric exercise groups (n=15). Exercise protocols were applied five days a week for four weeks. Pain was evaluated using a 10 cm Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS-pain), pain, joint stiffness and physical function was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and disability was assessed using the Lequesne Index before and after the interventions. Isokinetic knee muscle strength measurements were also obtained. Patellar and femoral cartilage volumes were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The VAS-pain, WOMAC, and Lequesne scores and peak torque values of knee extension improved in all groups with the highest improvement in the isokinetic group. For the knee flexion peak torque values, improvements were significant only in the isokinetic group at both velocities. There was no significant change in the femoral cartilage volume in any group after the interventions. However, patellar cartilage volume significantly increased in the isometric group (p=0.036). Conclusion: A four-week isokinetic, aerobic, and isometric exercise programs improved pain and functional capacity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Isokinetic exercise also increased the muscle strength with improved maintenance of the quadriceps/hamstring ratio. Only isometric exercise increased the patellar cartilage volume