Entrepreneurship Education as a Subject of Research

On April 5, 2023 a round-table discussion on “Entrepreneurship Education as a Subject of Research” was organized by the Editorial Board of the “Higher Education in Russia” Journal with the Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy” in the framework of the International Scientific Congress “The Role of Business in Society Transformation – 2023”. Entrepreneurship education formation is a focus of interest as for scientists, and for practitioners as well all around the world. During a round-table there were discussed the actual research issues required attention of academic society. Research trends were defined and connected: 1) with values, identity and moral dimension; 2) with mentors’ experience; 3) with students’ experience

On inconsistency of experimental data on primary nuclei spectra with sea level muon intensity measurements

For the first time a complete set of the most recent direct data on primary cosmic ray spectra is used as input into calculations of muon flux at sea level in wide energy range $E_\mu=1-3\cdot10^5$ GeV. Computations have been performed with the CORSIKA/QGSJET and CORSIKA/VENUS codes. The comparison of the obtained muon intensity with the data of muon experiments shows, that measurements of primary nuclei spectra conform to sea level muon data only up to several tens of GeV and result in essential deficit of muons at higher energies. As it follows from our examination, uncertainties in muon flux measurements and in the description of nuclear cascades development are not suitable to explain this contradiction, and the only remaining factor, leading to this situation, is underestimation of primary light nuclei fluxes. We have considered systematic effects, that may distort the results of the primary cosmic ray measurements with the application of the emulsion chambers. We suggest, that re-examination of these measurements is required with the employment of different hadronic interaction models. Also, in our point of view, it is necessary to perform estimates of possible influence of the fact, that sizable fraction of events, identified as protons, actually are antiprotons. Study of these cosmic ray component begins to attract much attention, but today nothing definite is known for the energies $>40$ GeV. In any case, to realize whether the mentioned, or some other reasons are the sources of disagreement of the data on primaries with the data on muons, the indicated effects should be thoroughly analyzed

Эластичные наполнители - продукты вторичной переработки резин, получаемые методом высокотемпературного сдвигового измельчения

In this article matters of investigation of basic physical, chemical and technical properties of a product of recycling rubber by means of high-temperature shift crushing deformation are considered.В работе рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с изучением основных физико-химических и технических свойств продукта вторичной переработки резины, получаемого методом высокотемпературного сдвигового измельчения (ВСИ), на основе отработанных шин и резинотехнических изделий

Эффективность применения стерофундина изотонического после острой массивной кровопотери в эксперименте

Objective: to perform an experimental study of the effect of isotonic sterofundin on the morphology of the myocardium, kidney, lung, pancreas, liver, and brain in the late period after hemorrhagic shock. Material and methods. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 36 male Wistar rats weighing 230—250 g by acute massive blood loss (AMBL) of 2.5 ml/100 g at a rate of 2 ml/min. An hour after AMBL, hypovolemia was replenished to 200% volume for 60 min with Ringer solution and isotonic sterofundin in control and experimental groups, respectively. Then the blood was reinfused at 70% volume of its loss. The magnitude of morphological changes was estimated 3 days following AMBL. Specimens harvested from organs of euthanized animals were examined histologically and images were recorded using a ^Vizo-103 microvisor. Results. The experimental studies demonstrate significant structural damage of tissues within target organs following traditional infusion therapy with polyionic crystalloid solutions that may cause development of multiple organ dysfunction. Malate-containing solution of sterofundin reduces the degree of organ structural damages that may prevent multiple organ dysfunction in the posthemorrhagic period. Key words: acute massive blood loss, hemorrhagic shock, malate, sterofundin isotonic, multiple organ dysfunction.Цель исследования — изучение в эксперименте влияния стерофундина изотонического на морфологию миокарда, почек, легких, поджелудочной железы, печени и головного мозга в отдаленном периоде после геморрагического шока. Материалы и методы. Эксперименты проведены на 36 крысах самцах линии Wistar, массой 230—250 г. Геморрагический шок моделировали посредством острой массивной кровопотери (ОМК) в объеме 2,5 мл/100 г со скоростью 2 мл/мин. Через 1 час после ОМК следовало восполнение гиповолемии в течение 60 мин. в объеме 200% от кровопотери: в контрольной группе — раствором рингера, в опытной группе — стерофундином изотоническим. Затем проводили реинфузию крови в объеме 70% от кровопотери. Степень выраженности морфологических изменений оценивали через 3-е суток после ОМК. Просмотр гистологических препаратов и регистрацию изображений осуществляли на микровизоре ^Vizo-103. Результаты. Проведенные экспериментальные исследования свидетельствуют о структурном повреждении «органов — мишеней» при традиционной инфузионной терапии с помощью полиионных кристаллоидных растворов, что является определяющим фактором в последующем развитии полиорганной недостаточности. Использование малатсодержащего изотонического раствора стерофундина изотонического с целью восполнения гиповолемии способствует снижению степени структурных повреждений органов, формирующих в полиорганную недостаточность в постгеморрагическом периоде. Ключевые слова: острая массивная кровопотеря, геморрагический шок, малат, стерофундин изотонический, полиорганная недостаточность

Исследование влияния эластичных наполнителей на свойства эластомерных материалов

The article concerns an investigation of the influence of elastic fillers ratio - factice and the product of rubber recycling - on the properties of elastomeric materials based of binary polymer blend IR-BR.В работе рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с изучением влияния соотношения эластичных наполнителей - фактиса и продукта вторичной переработки резин на комплекс свойств эластомерных материалов на основе смеси каучуков СКИ-3-СКД

Network analysis of human glaucomatous optic nerve head astrocytes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Astrocyte activation is a characteristic response to injury in the central nervous system, and can be either neurotoxic or neuroprotective, while the regulation of both roles remains elusive.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To decipher the regulatory elements controlling astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity in glaucoma, we conducted a systems-level functional analysis of gene expression, proteomic and genetic data associated with reactive optic nerve head astrocytes (ONHAs).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our reconstruction of the molecular interactions affected by glaucoma revealed multi-domain biological networks controlling activation of ONHAs at the level of intercellular stimuli, intracellular signaling and core effectors. The analysis revealed that synergistic action of the transcription factors AP-1, vitamin D receptor and Nuclear Factor-kappaB in cross-activation of multiple pathways, including inflammatory cytokines, complement, clusterin, ephrins, and multiple metabolic pathways. We found that the products of over two thirds of genes linked to glaucoma by genetic analysis can be functionally interconnected into one epistatic network via experimentally-validated interactions. Finally, we built and analyzed an integrative disease pathology network from a combined set of genes revealed in genetic studies, genes differentially expressed in glaucoma and closely connected genes/proteins in the interactome.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest several key biological network modules that are involved in regulating neurotoxicity of reactive astrocytes in glaucoma, and comprise potential targets for cell-based therapy.</p

The Flux-Line Lattice in Superconductors

Magnetic flux can penetrate a type-II superconductor in form of Abrikosov vortices. These tend to arrange in a triangular flux-line lattice (FLL) which is more or less perturbed by material inhomogeneities that pin the flux lines, and in high-$T_c$ supercon- ductors (HTSC's) also by thermal fluctuations. Many properties of the FLL are well described by the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory or by the electromagnetic London theory, which treats the vortex core as a singularity. In Nb alloys and HTSC's the FLL is very soft mainly because of the large magnetic penetration depth: The shear modulus of the FLL is thus small and the tilt modulus is dispersive and becomes very small for short distortion wavelength. This softness of the FLL is enhanced further by the pronounced anisotropy and layered structure of HTSC's, which strongly increases the penetration depth for currents along the c-axis of these uniaxial crystals and may even cause a decoupling of two-dimensional vortex lattices in the Cu-O layers. Thermal fluctuations and softening may melt the FLL and cause thermally activated depinning of the flux lines or of the 2D pancake vortices in the layers. Various phase transitions are predicted for the FLL in layered HTSC's. The linear and nonlinear magnetic response of HTSC's gives rise to interesting effects which strongly depend on the geometry of the experiment.Comment: Review paper for Rep.Prog.Phys., 124 narrow pages. The 30 figures do not exist as postscript file

Effects of alirocumab on types of myocardial infarction: insights from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial

Aims  The third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) Task Force classified MIs into five types: Type 1, spontaneous; Type 2, related to oxygen supply/demand imbalance; Type 3, fatal without ascertainment of cardiac biomarkers; Type 4, related to percutaneous coronary intervention; and Type 5, related to coronary artery bypass surgery. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduces risk of MI, but less is known about effects on types of MI. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES compared the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated LDL-C (≥1.8 mmol/L) despite intensive statin therapy. In a pre-specified analysis, we assessed the effects of alirocumab on types of MI. Methods and results  Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Myocardial infarction types were prospectively adjudicated and classified. Of 1860 total MIs, 1223 (65.8%) were adjudicated as Type 1, 386 (20.8%) as Type 2, and 244 (13.1%) as Type 4. Few events were Type 3 (n = 2) or Type 5 (n = 5). Alirocumab reduced first MIs [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.95; P = 0.003], with reductions in both Type 1 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99; P = 0.032) and Type 2 (0.77, 0.61–0.97; P = 0.025), but not Type 4 MI. Conclusion  After ACS, alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy favourably impacted on Type 1 and 2 MIs. The data indicate for the first time that a lipid-lowering therapy can attenuate the risk of Type 2 MI. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below levels achievable with statins is an effective preventive strategy for both MI types.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz299</p

Effect of alirocumab on mortality after acute coronary syndromes. An analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomized clinical trial

Background: Previous trials of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) inhibitors demonstrated reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events, but not death. We assessed the effects of alirocumab on death after index acute coronary syndrome. Methods: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) was a double-blind, randomized comparison of alirocumab or placebo in 18 924 patients who had an ACS 1 to 12 months previously and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins despite intensive statin therapy. Alirocumab dose was blindly titrated to target achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between 25 and 50 mg/dL. We examined the effects of treatment on all-cause death and its components, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death, with log-rank testing. Joint semiparametric models tested associations between nonfatal cardiovascular events and cardiovascular or noncardiovascular death. Results: Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Death occurred in 334 (3.5%) and 392 (4.1%) patients, respectively, in the alirocumab and placebo groups (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98; P=0.03, nominal P value). This resulted from nonsignificantly fewer cardiovascular (240 [2.5%] vs 271 [2.9%]; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.05; P=0.15) and noncardiovascular (94 [1.0%] vs 121 [1.3%]; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.01; P=0.06) deaths with alirocumab. In a prespecified analysis of 8242 patients eligible for ≥3 years follow-up, alirocumab reduced death (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.94; P=0.01). Patients with nonfatal cardiovascular events were at increased risk for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths (P<0.0001 for the associations). Alirocumab reduced total nonfatal cardiovascular events (P<0.001) and thereby may have attenuated the number of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths. A post hoc analysis found that, compared to patients with lower LDL-C, patients with baseline LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL (2.59 mmol/L) had a greater absolute risk of death and a larger mortality benefit from alirocumab (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.90; Pinteraction=0.007). In the alirocumab group, all-cause death declined wit h achieved LDL-C at 4 months of treatment, to a level of approximately 30 mg/dL (adjusted P=0.017 for linear trend). Conclusions: Alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy has the potential to reduce death after acute coronary syndrome, particularly if treatment is maintained for ≥3 years, if baseline LDL-C is ≥100 mg/dL, or if achieved LDL-C is low. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01663402