Museums of the Tyumen Region in a Digital Society

In recent decades, much attention has been paid to the study of leisure and analysis of the theory and practice of cultural and leisure activities of young people. This type of research contributes to improving the methodology of cultural and leisure activities in the youth environment. Interest in the problems of young people from the national philosophy, sociology, demography, psychology and pedagogy is constant and stable. Social and philosophical problems of young people as an important demographic group of society, aspects of their self-development and self-realization in the field of leisure have become the subject field of domestic and foreign scientists’ research. In any country, culture museum institutions are centers of selection, attribution, preservation and display of material and spiritual heritage. They are therefore immeasurably important for the of historical consciousness and formation of a nation’s moral and aesthetic positions. Complex social processes taking place in modern Russia actualize a number of problems for cultural institutions, including museums, aimed at the need to understand new realities. Changes taking place in the world increase the cultural and spatial diversity of modern society thanks to digital technologies, which requires a different view of the cultural heritage, as well as a re-evaluation of moral values and the search for new ideals. The research methodology is based on scientific papers related to the study of leisure as a social phenomenon, youth as a special socio-demographic group, and the museum as a specific socio-cultural institution. Theoretical and general logical methods were used in the research process: analysis, synthesis, classification, analogy, generalization, as well as empirical methods (document analysis, questionnaire survey). Various museum events of educational and educational orientation, held in institutions, contribute to improving the effectiveness of communication activities of museums. New methods of interaction with visitors, the use of modern digital technologies to form their diversity are being actively introduced into the activities of Russian museums. All this allows us to say that modern museums are at the stage of active modernization of techniques and methods for implementing social and cultural activities. The museum is interested in finding new forms, methods and methods of working with young people, children and adolescents, primarily related to personal development. In this regard, the Museum is an important institution for the socialization of the younger generation. In the conditions of digitalization, taking in new achievements of scientific and technical progress, being on the threshold of becoming a dynamically developing branch of science, art, business and culture in general, the museum becomes more flexible and mobile thanks to the use of information technologies. The fact that museums still serve as a place of leisure for a large number of people allows us to regularly conduct sociological research aimed at identifying the attitude of visitors, and, first of all, young people, on the problems of development and promotion of museums. Keywords: museums, leisure, tourism, youth, new forms of museum activity, digitalizatio

Two flares with one shock: the interesting case of 3C 454.3

The quasar 3C 454.3 is a blazar known for its rapid and violent outbursts seen across the electromagnetic spectrum. Using γ-ray, X-ray, multiband optical, and very-long-baseline interferometric data we investigate the nature of two such events that occurred in 2013 and 2014 accompanied by strong variations in optical polarization, including a ~230° electric vector position angle (EVPA) rotation. Our results suggest that a single disturbance was responsible for both flaring events. We interpret the disturbance as a shock propagating down the jet. Under this interpretation the 2013 flare originated most likely due to changes in the viewing angle caused by perhaps a bent or helical trajectory of the shock upstream of the radio core. The 2014 flare and optical polarization behavior are the result of the shock exiting the 43 GHz radio core, suggesting that shock crossings are one of the possible mechanisms for EVPA rotations.Accepted manuscrip

Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar 3C 279: Decade-long study from γ -ray to radio

We report the results of decade-long (2008-2018) γ -ray to 1 GHz radio monitoring of the blazar 3C 279, including GASP/WEBT, Fermi and Swift data, as well as polarimetric and spectroscopic data. The X-ray and γ -ray light curves correlate well, with no delay ≳ 3 h, implying general cospatiality of the emission regions. The γ -ray-optical flux-flux relation changes with activity state, ranging from a linear to amore complex dependence. The behaviour of the Stokes parameters at optical and radio wavelengths, including 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array images, supports either a predominantly helical magnetic field or motion of the radiating plasma along a spiral path. Apparent speeds of emission knots range from 10 to 37c, with the highest values requiring bulk Lorentz factors close to those needed to explain γ -ray variability on very short time-scales. The MgII emission line flux in the 'blue' and 'red' wings correlates with the optical synchrotron continuum flux density, possibly providing a variable source of seed photons for inverse Compton scattering. In the radio bands, we find progressive delays of the most prominent light-curve maxima with decreasing frequency, as expected from the frequency dependence of the τ= 1 surface of synchrotron self-absorption. The global maximum in the 86 GHz light curve becomes less prominent at lower frequencies, while a local maximum, appearing in 2014, strengthens toward decreasing frequencies, becoming pronounced at ∼5 GHz. These tendencies suggest different Doppler boosting of stratified radio-emitting zones in the jet. © 2020 The Author(s).We thank the referee for attentive reading and comments that helped to improve presentation of the manuscript. The data collected by the WEBT collaboration are stored in the WEBT archive at the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino -INAF (ht tp://www.oato.inaf.it/blazars/webt/); for questions regarding their availability, please contact the WEBT President Massimo Villata([email protected]).TheSt.Petersburg University team acknowledges support from Russian Science Foundation grant 17-12-01029. The research at BU was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant AST-1615796 and NASA Fermi Guest Investigator grants 80NSSC17K0649, 80NSSC19K1504, and 80NSSC19K1505. The PRISM camera at Lowell Observatory was developed by K. Janes et al. at BU and Lowell Observatory, with funding from the NSF, BU, and Lowell Observatory. The emission-line observations made use of the DCT at Lowell Observatory, supported by Discovery Communications, Inc., BU, the University of Maryland, the University of Toledo, and Northern Arizona University. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the US NSF, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has used data from the UMRAO which was supported by the University of Michigan; research at this facility was supported by NASA under awards NNX09AU16G, NNX10AP16G, NNX11AO13G, and NNX13AP18G, and by the NSF under award AST-0607523. The Steward Observatory spectropolarimetric monitoring project was supported by NASA Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX08AW56G, NNX09AU10G, NNX12AO93G, and NNX15AU81G. The Torino group acknowledges financial contribution from agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0 and from contract PRIN-SKA-CTA-INAF 2016. I.A. acknowledges support by a Ramon y Cajal grant (RYC-2013-14511) of the 'Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, y Universidades (MICIU)' of Spain and from MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC (SEV-20170709). Acquisition and reduction of the POLAMI and MAPCAT data were supported by MICIU through grant AYA2016-80889-P. The POLAMI observations were carried out at the IRAM 30-m Telescope, supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain). The MAPCAT observations were carried out at theGerman-Spanish Calar Alto Observatory, jointly operated by the Max-Plank-Institut fur Astronomie and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC. The study is based partly on data obtained with the STELLA robotic telescopes in Tenerife, an AIP facility jointly operated by AIP and IAC. The OVRO 40-m monitoring program is supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AW31G, NNX11A043G, and NNX14AQ89G, and NSF grants AST-0808050 and AST-1109911. TH was supported by the Academy of Finland projects 317383 and 320085. AZT-24 observations were made within an agreement between Pulkovo, Rome and Teramo observatories. The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The Abastumani team acknowledges financial support by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation under contract FR/217950/16. r This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants DN 081/2016, DN 18-13/2017, KP-06-H28/3 (2018), and KP-06-PN38/1 (2019), Bulgarian National Science Programme 'Young Scientists and Postdoctoral Students 2019', Bulgarian National Science Fund under grant DN18-10/2017 and National RI Roadmap Projects DO1-157/28.08.2018 and DO1-153/28.08.2018 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria. GD and OV gratefully acknowledge observing grant support from the Institute of Astronomy and Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory via bilateral joint research project `Study of ICRF radio-sources and fast variable astronomical objects' (head -G. Damljanovic). This work was partly supported by the National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science of Bulgaria under grant DN 08-20/2016, and by project RD-08-37/2019 of the University of Shumen. This work is a part of projects nos 176011, 176004, and 176021, supported by theMinistry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. MGM acknowledges support through the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clement Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the 'Unite des Communes vald 'otainesMont-Emilius'. The research at the OAVdA was partially funded by several `Research and Education' annual grants from Fondazione CRT. This article is partly based on observations made with the IAC80 and TCS telescopes operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide on the island of Tenerife. A part of the observations were carried out using theRATAN-600 scientific equipment (SAO of the Russian Academy of Sciences)

Multiwavelength variability of BL Lacertae measured with high time resolution

In an effort to locate the sites of emission at different frequencies and physical processes causing variability in blazar jets, we have obtained high time-resolution observations of BL Lacertae over a wide wavelength range: with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) at 6000–10000 Å with 2 minute cadence; with the Neil Gehrels Swift satellite at optical, UV, and X-ray bands; with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array at hard X-ray bands; with the Fermi Large Area Telescope at γ-ray energies; and with the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope for measurement of the optical flux density and polarization. All light curves are correlated, with similar structure on timescales from hours to days. The shortest timescale of variability at optical frequencies observed with TESS is ~0.5 hr. The most common timescale is 13 ± 1 hr, comparable with the minimum timescale of X-ray variability, 14.5 hr. The multiwavelength variability properties cannot be explained by a change solely in the Doppler factor of the emitting plasma. The polarization behavior implies that there are both ordered and turbulent components to the magnetic field in the jet. Correlation analysis indicates that the X-ray variations lag behind the γ-ray and optical light curves by up to ~0.4 day. The timescales of variability, cross-frequency lags, and polarization properties can be explained by turbulent plasma that is energized by a shock in the jet and subsequently loses energy to synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation in a magnetic field of strength ~3 G.Accepted manuscrip

The complex variability of blazars: time-scales and periodicity analysis in S4 0954+65

Among active galactic nuclei, blazars show extreme variability properties. We here investigate the case of the BL Lac object S4 0954+65 with data acquired in 2019–2020 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration. The 2-min cadence optical light curves provided by TESS during three observing sectors of nearly 1 month each allow us to study the fast variability in great detail. We identify several characteristic short-term time-scales, ranging from a few hours to a few days. However, these are not persistent, as they differ in the various TESS sectors. The long-term photometric and polarimetric optical and radio monitoring undertaken by the WEBT brings significant additional information, revealing that (i) in the optical, long-term flux changes are almost achromatic, while the short-term ones are strongly chromatic; (ii) the radio flux variations at 37 GHz follow those in the optical with a delay of about 3 weeks; (iii) the range of variation of the polarization degree and angle is much larger in the optical than in the radio band, but the mean polarization angles are similar; (iv) the optical long-term variability is characterized by a quasi-periodicity of about 1 month. We explain the source behaviour in terms of a rotating inhomogeneous helical jet, whose pitch angle can change in time.Accepted manuscrip

Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar 3C 279: decade-long study from γ-ray to radio

We report the results of decade-long (2008–2018) γ-ray to 1 GHz radio monitoring of the blazar 3C 279, including GASP/WEBT, Fermi and Swift data, as well as polarimetric and spectroscopic data. The X-ray and γ-ray light curves correlate well, with no delay ≳ 3 h, implying general cospatiality of the emission regions. The γ-ray–optical flux–flux relation changes with activity state, ranging from a linear to a more complex dependence. The behaviour of the Stokes parameters at optical and radio wavelengths, including 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array images, supports either a predominantly helical magnetic field or motion of the radiating plasma along a spiral path. Apparent speeds of emission knots range from 10 to 37c, with the highest values requiring bulk Lorentz factors close to those needed to explain γ-ray variability on very short time-scales. The Mg ii emission line flux in the ‘blue’ and ‘red’ wings correlates with the optical synchrotron continuum flux density, possibly providing a variable source of seed photons for inverse Compton scattering. In the radio bands, we find progressive delays of the most prominent light-curve maxima with decreasing frequency, as expected from the frequency dependence of the τ = 1 surface of synchrotron self-absorption. The global maximum in the 86 GHz light curve becomes less prominent at lower frequencies, while a local maximum, appearing in 2014, strengthens toward decreasing frequencies, becoming pronounced at ∼5 GHz. These tendencies suggest different Doppler boosting of stratified radio-emitting zones in the jet.First author draf

РАЗРАБОТКА И ВАЛИДАЦИЯ МЕТОДИКИ КИНЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ РАСТВОРЕНИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ СУБСТАНЦИИ ТОПИРАМАТ МЕТОДОМ ЛАЗЕРНОЙ ДИФРАКЦИИ СВЕТА

Solubility is the most important quality indicator, reflecting the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Prior to the release of API, solubility is one of the key factors affecting the efficacy and safety of drugs. Therefore, the directed development of new drugs with predetermined properties (drug design) should be basedon solubility of candidate substances and be taken into account when evaluating the bioequivalence of generic drugs branded, including in vitro - in vivo correlation. Given that the pharmacopeia regulation of the test for the solubility of API is reduced to a visual estimate and approximate solubility, we developed a kinetic dissolution evaluation method by laser diffraction and performed statistical analysis of the results obtained under repeatability conditions.Растворимость - важнейший показатель качества, отражающий физико-химические свойства активных фармацевтических ингредиентов (АФИ). Предшествующая высвобождению АФИ, растворимость является одним из ключевых факторов, влияющих на эффективность и безопасность лекарственного средства. Поэтому направленная разработка новых лекарственных препаратов с заранее заданными свойствами (drug design) должна основываться в том числе на данных о растворимости веществ-кандидатов и учитываться при оценке биоэквивалентности дженериковых препаратов брендовым, в том числе при выявлении корреляции in vitro - in vivo. С учетом того, что фармакопейное регламентирование проведения теста на растворимость АФИ сводится к визуальной оценке и приблизительной растворимости, нами разработана методика кинетической оценки растворения методом лазерной дифракции и проведена статистическая обработка полученных результатов в условиях повторяемости

Лекарственные препараты на основе релиз-активных антител

A number of the released-active drugs with proved safety and efficacy against viral infections, cough, stress and anxiety, brain circulation impairments, metabolic disorders, etc., exist in the pharmaceutical market for more than 15 years. Results of the preclinical studies have revealed some of the aspects of the released-active antibodies action. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of each drug's action is still a subject of research. The aim of the present review is to investigate the physical-chemical principles of mechanism of action of the released-active drugs.Более 15 лет на фармацевтическом рынке представлена группа релиз-активных препаратов с доказанной эффективностью и безопасностью в лечении вирусных инфекций, кашля, стресса и тревоги, нарушений мозгового кровообращения, расстройств метаболизма и др. Результаты доклинических исследований позволили получить представление о некоторых аспектах действия антител в релиз-активной форме. Тем не менее точный механизм развития эффектов каждого препарата остается предметом изучения. Цель настоящего обзора - рассмотреть физико-химические основы механизма действия релиз-активных препаратов

Лекарственные препараты на основе релиз-активных антител

A number of the released-active drugs with proved safety and efficacy against viral infections, cough, stress and anxiety, brain circulation impairments, metabolic disorders, etc., exist in the pharmaceutical market for more than 15 years. Results of the preclinical studies have revealed some of the aspects of the released-active antibodies action. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of each drug's action is still a subject of research. The aim of the present review is to investigate the physical-chemical principles of mechanism of action of the released-active drugs.Более 15 лет на фармацевтическом рынке представлена группа релиз-активных препаратов с доказанной эффективностью и безопасностью в лечении вирусных инфекций, кашля, стресса и тревоги, нарушений мозгового кровообращения, расстройств метаболизма и др. Результаты доклинических исследований позволили получить представление о некоторых аспектах действия антител в релиз-активной форме. Тем не менее точный механизм развития эффектов каждого препарата остается предметом изучения. Цель настоящего обзора - рассмотреть физико-химические основы механизма действия релиз-активных препаратов

РАЗРАБОТКА И ВАЛИДАЦИЯ МЕТОДИКИ КИНЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ РАСТВОРЕНИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ СУБСТАНЦИИ ТОПИРАМАТ МЕТОДОМ ЛАЗЕРНОЙ ДИФРАКЦИИ СВЕТА

Solubility is the most important quality indicator, reflecting the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Prior to the release of API, solubility is one of the key factors affecting the efficacy and safety of drugs. Therefore, the directed development of new drugs with predetermined properties (drug design) should be basedon solubility of candidate substances and be taken into account when evaluating the bioequivalence of generic drugs branded, including in vitro - in vivo correlation. Given that the pharmacopeia regulation of the test for the solubility of API is reduced to a visual estimate and approximate solubility, we developed a kinetic dissolution evaluation method by laser diffraction and performed statistical analysis of the results obtained under repeatability conditions.Растворимость - важнейший показатель качества, отражающий физико-химические свойства активных фармацевтических ингредиентов (АФИ). Предшествующая высвобождению АФИ, растворимость является одним из ключевых факторов, влияющих на эффективность и безопасность лекарственного средства. Поэтому направленная разработка новых лекарственных препаратов с заранее заданными свойствами (drug design) должна основываться в том числе на данных о растворимости веществ-кандидатов и учитываться при оценке биоэквивалентности дженериковых препаратов брендовым, в том числе при выявлении корреляции in vitro - in vivo. С учетом того, что фармакопейное регламентирование проведения теста на растворимость АФИ сводится к визуальной оценке и приблизительной растворимости, нами разработана методика кинетической оценки растворения методом лазерной дифракции и проведена статистическая обработка полученных результатов в условиях повторяемости