Spatial and temporal variablity of nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their relation to photochemical lifetime

The relationship between temporal and spatial variability of C2-C8 nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their HO lifetimes (τ) is presented for samples collected during the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) and from other urban and remote sites. The C2-C4 alkanes, acetylene and benzene typically define a trend of the form slnx=Aτ-b where slnx is the standard deviation of the ln of the mixing ratio. The relationship extended over a wider range of hydrocarbons in winter. The exponent b ranged in value from 0.2±0.023 for winter urban data where C2-C8 hydrocarbons defined a strongly correlated trend, to 0.56±0.15 for C2-C4 hydrocarbons at a coastal site in Nova Scotia during NARE. The trends are significantly different from that given by the Junge relationship [Junge, 1974]. Data from the Azores do not display such a trend and were likely influenced by local emissions. Variance trends are a useful analytical tool for examining the validity of hydrocarbon measurements

Optimal selection and ordering of columns in supersaturated designs

Two methods to select columns for assigning factors to work on supersaturated designs are proposed. The focus of interest is the degree of non-orthogonality between the selected columns. One method is the exhaustive enumeration of selections of p columns from all k columns to find the exact optimality, while the other is intended to find an approximate solution by applying techniques used in the corresponding analysis, aiming for ease of use as well as a reduction in the large computing time required for large k with the first method. Numerical illustrations for several typical design matrices reveal that the resulting “approximately” optimal assignments of factors to their columns are exactly optimal for any p. Ordering the columns in E(s2)-optimal designs results in promising new findings including a large number of E(s2)-optimal designs

Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Paparan Sulfur Dioksida (So2) Udara Ambien Pada Pedagang Kaki Lima Di Terminal Bus Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur

The contribution of air pollution in urban areas around 87% comes from transportation activities. Pulogadung Bus Station in East Jakarta is one of the potential sites in pollution emissions of SO2 gas. Street vendors are the population most at risk for contamination of vehicle exhaust gases. The purpose of this research was analyze the level of non-carcinogenic health risks of exposure to SO2 against street vendors at Pulogadung Bus Station due to transportation activities. This research used observational research with approach Environmental Health Risk Assessment. The population in this research was 140 street vendors at Pulogadung Bus Station with a sample of 60 street vendors. SO2 measurements performed by pararosanilin method using a spectrophotometer. The results showed the average concentration of SO2 at Pulogadung Bus Station was 133,78 ug/m3 which means it is still well below the standards set by the Governor Decree No. 551 of 2001. The average weight of respondents 58 kg, the average daily exposure time 13 hours/day, the average frequency of exposure 329 days/year and the average duration of exposure for 15 years. The average intake of SO2 real time is 0.01461 mg/kg/day and intake life time is 0.02412 mg/kg/day. The average RQ in real time exposure is 0.5619 mg/kg/day and the life time of exposure is 0.9278 mg/kg/day. Characteristics of non-carcinogenic health risks of exposure to SO2 on street vendors at Pulogadung Bus Station in East Jakarta indicate that as many as 13 street vendors (21.67%) exposure in real time and 19 street vendors (31.67%) in the life time risk exposure resulting from exposure to SO2. The conclusion of this study is street vendors in Pulogadung Bus Station have categories yet non carcinogenic health risk by exposure to SO2

Studi Identifikasi Keberadaan Escherichia Coli Pada Air Cucian Dan Makanan Ketoprak Di Kawasan Kampus Undip Tembalang

The dishwater used by ketoprak traders in the area of UNDIP campus Tembalang is not qualified physically. In this situation, it will have an impact on the quality of the food produced. This study aimed to identify the existence of Escherichia coli in dishwater used to wash utensils and the ketoprak food. The type of this study is observational with cross sectional design. The population in this research is 11 dishwater and 11 ketoprak food. The sample in this study used the total population. The analysis applied cross tabulation. The sanitary conditions of the dishwater is not good and positive existence of E.coli in dishwater by 8 as many as (88,9%). Washing techniques that are less good and positive existence of E.coli in dishwater as many as 2 traders (100%). The sanitary conditions of the dishwater is not good and positive existence of E.coli in ketoprak food as many as 9 traders (100%). Washing techniques that are less good and positive existence of E.coli in ketoprak as many as 2 traders (100%).The sanitary conditions of cutlery were poor and positive existence of E. coli in ketoprak food as many as 9 traders (90%). Storage of food which has been treated poorly and positive existence of E. coli in ketoprak food as many as 7 traders (100%). Personal hygiene handlers are less and positive the existence of E. coli in ketoprak food as many as 6 traders (100%). The conclusion of this study is the quality of the dishwater and ketoprak food in the area of UNDIP Campus Tembalang is not eligible

Probing Electron Tunneling Pathways: Electrochemical Study of Rat Heart Cytochromecand Its Mutant on Pyridine-Terminated SAMs

The electron-transfer rates between gold electrodes and adsorbed cytochromes are compared for native cytochrome c and its mutant (K13A) using two different immobilization strategies. A recent study by Niki (Niki, K.; Hardy, W. R.; Hill, M. G.; Li, H.; Sprinkle, J. R.; Margoliash, E.; Fujita, K.; Tanimura, R.; Nakamura, N.; Ohno, H.; Richards, J. H.; Gray, H. B. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 9947) showed that the electron-transfer rate for a particular mutant cytochrome c (K13A) is orders of magnitude slower than the native form when electrostatically adsorbed on SAM-coated gold electrodes. The current study directly “links” the protein's heme unit to the SAM, thereby “short circuiting” the electron tunneling pathway. These findings demonstrate that the immobilization strategy can modify the electron-transfer rate by changing the tunneling pathway

The association of childhood maltreatment with depression and anxiety is not moderated by the oxytocin receptor gene

Background: The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene may be involved in resilience or vulnerability towards stress, and hence in the development of stress-related disorders. There are indications that OXTR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interact with early life stressors in predicting levels of depression and anxiety. To replicate and extend these findings, we examined whether three literature-based OXTR SNPs (rs2254298, rs53576, rs2268498) interact with childhood maltreatment in the development of clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety disorders. Methods: We included 2567 individuals from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. This sample consisted of 387 healthy controls, 428 people with a current or past depressive disorder, 243 people with a current or past anxiety disorder, and 1509 people with both lifetime depression and anxiety diagnoses. Childhood maltreatment was measured with both an interview and via self-report. Additional questionnaires measured depression and anxiety sensitivity. Results: Childhood maltreatment was strongly associated with both lifetime depression and anxiety diagnoses, as well as with depression and anxiety sensitivity. However, the OXTR SNPs did not moderate these associations nor had main effects on outcomes. Conclusions: The three OXTR gene SNPs did not interact with childhood maltreatment in predicting lifetime depression and anxiety diagnoses or sensitivity. This stresses the importance of replication studies with regard to OXTR gene variants in general populations as well as in clearly established clinical samples

Organometallic nucleoside analogues with ferrocenyl linker groups: Synthesis and cancer cell line studies

Examples of organometallic compounds as nucleoside analogues are rare within the field of medicinal bioorganometallic chemistry. We report on the synthesis and properties of two chiral ferrocene derivatives containing a nucleobase and a hydroxyalkyl group. These so-called ferronucleosides show promising anticancer activity, with cytostatic studies on five different cancer cell lines indicating that both functional groups are required for optimal activity.status: publishe