NASA Global Flood Mapping System

Product utility key factors: Near real time, automated production; Flood spatial extent Cloudiness Pixel resolution: 250m; Flood temporal extent; Flash floods short duration on ground?; Landcover--Water under vegetation cover vs open wate

NASA Land Information System (LIS) Water Availability to Support Reclamation ET Estimation

The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation identified the remote sensing of evapotranspiration (ET) as an important water flux for study and designated a test site in the Lower Colorado River basin. A consortium of groups will work together with the goal to develop more accurate and cost effective techniques using the enhanced spatial and temporal coverage afforded by remote sensing. ET is a critical water loss flux where improved estimation should lead to better management of Reclamation responsibilities. There are several areas where NASA satellite and modeling data may be useful to meet Reclamation's objectives for improved ET estimation. In this paper we outline one possible contribution to use NASA's data integration capability of the Land Information System (LIS) to provide a merger of observational (in situ and satellite) with physical process models to provide estimates of ET and other water availability outputs (e.g., runoff, soil moisture) retrospectively, in near real-time, and also providing short-term predictions

Effects of alirocumab on types of myocardial infarction: insights from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial

Aims  The third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) Task Force classified MIs into five types: Type 1, spontaneous; Type 2, related to oxygen supply/demand imbalance; Type 3, fatal without ascertainment of cardiac biomarkers; Type 4, related to percutaneous coronary intervention; and Type 5, related to coronary artery bypass surgery. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduces risk of MI, but less is known about effects on types of MI. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES compared the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated LDL-C (≥1.8 mmol/L) despite intensive statin therapy. In a pre-specified analysis, we assessed the effects of alirocumab on types of MI. Methods and results  Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Myocardial infarction types were prospectively adjudicated and classified. Of 1860 total MIs, 1223 (65.8%) were adjudicated as Type 1, 386 (20.8%) as Type 2, and 244 (13.1%) as Type 4. Few events were Type 3 (n = 2) or Type 5 (n = 5). Alirocumab reduced first MIs [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.95; P = 0.003], with reductions in both Type 1 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99; P = 0.032) and Type 2 (0.77, 0.61–0.97; P = 0.025), but not Type 4 MI. Conclusion  After ACS, alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy favourably impacted on Type 1 and 2 MIs. The data indicate for the first time that a lipid-lowering therapy can attenuate the risk of Type 2 MI. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below levels achievable with statins is an effective preventive strategy for both MI types.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz299</p

Effect of alirocumab on mortality after acute coronary syndromes. An analysis of the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES randomized clinical trial

Background: Previous trials of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) inhibitors demonstrated reductions in major adverse cardiovascular events, but not death. We assessed the effects of alirocumab on death after index acute coronary syndrome. Methods: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) was a double-blind, randomized comparison of alirocumab or placebo in 18 924 patients who had an ACS 1 to 12 months previously and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins despite intensive statin therapy. Alirocumab dose was blindly titrated to target achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between 25 and 50 mg/dL. We examined the effects of treatment on all-cause death and its components, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death, with log-rank testing. Joint semiparametric models tested associations between nonfatal cardiovascular events and cardiovascular or noncardiovascular death. Results: Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Death occurred in 334 (3.5%) and 392 (4.1%) patients, respectively, in the alirocumab and placebo groups (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98; P=0.03, nominal P value). This resulted from nonsignificantly fewer cardiovascular (240 [2.5%] vs 271 [2.9%]; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.05; P=0.15) and noncardiovascular (94 [1.0%] vs 121 [1.3%]; HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.01; P=0.06) deaths with alirocumab. In a prespecified analysis of 8242 patients eligible for ≥3 years follow-up, alirocumab reduced death (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.94; P=0.01). Patients with nonfatal cardiovascular events were at increased risk for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths (P<0.0001 for the associations). Alirocumab reduced total nonfatal cardiovascular events (P<0.001) and thereby may have attenuated the number of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular deaths. A post hoc analysis found that, compared to patients with lower LDL-C, patients with baseline LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL (2.59 mmol/L) had a greater absolute risk of death and a larger mortality benefit from alirocumab (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.90; Pinteraction=0.007). In the alirocumab group, all-cause death declined wit h achieved LDL-C at 4 months of treatment, to a level of approximately 30 mg/dL (adjusted P=0.017 for linear trend). Conclusions: Alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy has the potential to reduce death after acute coronary syndrome, particularly if treatment is maintained for ≥3 years, if baseline LDL-C is ≥100 mg/dL, or if achieved LDL-C is low. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01663402

square meter project

El presente proyecto es una plataforma web dedicada a facilitar el alquiler de espacios temporales para determinados eventos. Los propietarios de los inmuebles y los clientes son nuestros dos segmentos de clientes, en base a la investigación realizada son principalmente de Lima Moderna y provenientes del NSE “A” y “B”, ya que estos segmentos demandan un mayor número de espacios. Asimismo, se identificó que los usuarios tienen cada vez menos tiempo para acudir al local y desean que todo el proceso de alquiler sea virtual. Por ello, optan por realizar la búsqueda virtual a través de diversas plataformas web y redes sociales. En base a la tendencia de los negocios digitales se decidió desarrollar Metro Cuadrado con el fin de solucionar el problema identificado, mediante la creación de una plataforma web que conecte personas para el alquiler de espacios específicos. El proyecto mostrará los diversos espacios disponibles para alquiler en 3 categorías: terrazas, matrimonios/fiestas y conferencias/seminarios. Para poner en marcha este proyecto se hizo un análisis de la industria: consumidor, competidores y otros factores externos. Como resultado, luego de una inversión inicial de 15,249.49 soles; el proyecto genera flujos de efectivo positivos desde el segundo año, con una utilidad neta de S/ 32,107.23 y una rentabilidad de 18% para el tercer año. En base a los datos obtenidos vemos a Metro Cuadrado como una idea de negocio rentable y escalable con un valor de S/ 164,770 y un periodo de recuperación de la inversión de un año y ocho meses.This assignment is about the development of an E-commerce platform dedicated to facilitating rental services for three categories: Weddings and parties, business conferences and rooftops. For this business opportunity we have two types of clients: The Property owners and the clients interested in renting the spaces mentioned above. Conducting an investigation, we discovered that our target of clients are mainly from “Lima Moderna” and belong to the socioeconomic levels “A” and “B”. We also identified that these clients don’t have much free time to visit every space they would like to rent and that’s why they prefer to find these type of services online but maintaining the security and the quality of the process. Therefore, they choose to purchase products and services through various E-Commerce platforms and social networks. Based on the digital startups trend, we decided to develop “Metro Cuadrado” in order to solve the identified problem, which is the lack of flexibility of renting a space for a certain amount of time. By creating this platform, we give clients the opportunity to connect with specific spaces instantly and at the same time create another source of income for the owners. For the launch of this project, the following analysis was made: consumer habits and lifestyles, competitors and other external factors. In addition, we developed strategies which contain the necessary steps to be made for the viability of this project. As a result, after an initial investment of 15,249.49 soles; the project generates a positive cash flow on the second year, with an Net Profit of S/ 32,107 and a net margin of 18% for the third year. Based on the data obtained, we see “Metro Cuadrado” as a profitable and scalable business idea with a value of S/ 164,770 and a payback period of one year and eight months.Trabajo de investigació