Estado de la plaza de Gerona en el día 29 del mes de noviembre de 1809 : séptimo mes de su memorable sitio

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

Memorial histórico de los sucesos más notables de armas, y estado de la salud publica durante el ultimo sitio de la plaza de Gerona Comprenhende hasta 18 días despues de entregada la Plaza al Sitiador, y Reales Ordenes á favor de sus defensores

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

Origin of superimposed and curved slickenlines in San Miguelito range, Central México

Interactions between intersecting faults cause local perturbations of the stress field in the vicinity of their intersections. Fault intersections are places of stress accumulation, stress relief and refraction of the stress trajectories; the slip vectors near these intersections are deviated from the maximum shear stress resolved by the far-field stress. In an intersecting fault system, superimposed, arc-shaped and zigzag slickenlines can be formed due to interaction between intersecting faults. We propose some mechanisms in which it is possible to recognize that the superimposed and curved slickenlines are produced from curvilinear translational fault motion. The geometrical models presented in this contribution are consistent with the slickenlines distribution observed in the vicinity of intersection lines, measured in the San Miguelito range, Mesa Central, México. Two tectonic phases have been inferred from our slip vector models near the intersection lines, which is consistent with observations of previously published work

Origin of superimposed and curved slickenlines in San Miguelito range, Central México

Interactions between intersecting faults cause local perturbations of the stress field in the vicinity of their intersections. Fault intersections are places of stress accumulation, stress relief and refraction of the stress trajectories; the slip vectors near these intersections are deviated from the maximum shear stress resolved by the far-field stress. In an intersecting fault system, superimposed, arc-shaped and zigzag slickenlines can be formed due to interaction between intersecting faults. We propose some mechanisms in which it is possible to recognize that the superimposed and curved slickenlines are produced from curvilinear translational fault motion. The geometrical models presented in this contribution are consistent with the slickenlines distribution observed in the vicinity of intersection lines, measured in the San Miguelito range, Mesa Central, México. Two tectonic phases have been inferred from our slip vector models near the intersection lines, which is consistent with observations of previously published work

Tilting mechanisms in domino faults of the Sierra de San Miguelito, central Mexico

A system of normal faults with similar strike that bound rotated blocks in the Sierra de San Miguelito, central Mexico, was studied to determine the genesis of rotation and to estimate the extensional strain. We show that rigid-body rotation was not the main deformation mechanism of the domino faults in this region. We propose vertical or inclined shear accommodated by slip on minor faults as the mechanism for strain in the blocks. In order to test quantitatively the amount of strain, we calculated the extension assuming vertical shear obtaining ca. ev ~0.20. This value is in good agreement with extensions previously reported for the Mesa Central of México. The bed extension required in this model reaches ca. 33% of the total horizontal extension (i. e. ebed =0.34 ev). Assuming self-similar geometry for fault displacements, it is shown that bed strain required in shear models can be liberated by the small faults. If the strain is calculated using the rigid-body rotation model, the lengthening is underestimated by up to 9%. This case study shows that shear models could be applied in volcanic zones

Smooth 3D Path Planning by Means of Multiobjective Optimization for Fixed-Wing UAVs

[EN] Demand for 3D planning and guidance algorithms is increasing due, in part, to the increase in unmanned vehicle-based applications. Traditionally, two-dimensional (2D) trajectory planning algorithms address the problem by using the approach of maintaining a constant altitude. Addressing the problem of path planning in a three-dimensional (3D) space implies more complex scenarios where maintaining altitude is not a valid approach. The work presented here implements an architecture for the generation of 3D flight paths for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The aim is to determine the feasible flight path by minimizing the turning effort, starting from a set of control points in 3D space, including the initial and final point. The trajectory generated takes into account the rotation and elevation constraints of the UAV. From the defined control points and the movement constraints of the UAV, a path is generated that combines the union of the control points by means of a set of rectilinear segments and spherical curves. However, this design methodology means that the problem does not have a single solution; in other words, there are infinite solutions for the generation of the final path. For this reason, a multiobjective optimization problem (MOP) is proposed with the aim of independently maximizing each of the turning radii of the path. Finally, to produce a complete results visualization of the MOP and the final 3D trajectory, the architecture was implemented in a simulation with Matlab/Simulink/flightGear.The authors would like to acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades for providing funding through the project RTI2018-096904-B-I00 and the local administration Generalitat Valenciana through projects GV/2017/029 and AICO/2019/055. Franklin Samaniego thanks IFTH (Instituto de Fomento al Talento Humano) Ecuador (2015-AR2Q9209), for its sponsorship of this work.Samaniego, F.; Sanchís Saez, J.; Garcia-Nieto, S.; Simarro Fernández, R. (2020). Smooth 3D Path Planning by Means of Multiobjective Optimization for Fixed-Wing UAVs. Electronics. 9(1):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010051S12391Kyriakidis, M., Happee, R., & de Winter, J. C. F. (2015). Public opinion on automated driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 32, 127-140. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.04.014Münzer, S., Zimmer, H. D., Schwalm, M., Baus, J., & Aslan, I. (2006). Computer-assisted navigation and the acquisition of route and survey knowledge. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26(4), 300-308. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.08.001Morales, Y., Kallakuri, N., Shinozawa, K., Miyashita, T., & Hagita, N. (2013). 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Recursive Rewarding Modified Adaptive Cell Decomposition (RR-MACD): A Dynamic Path Planning Algorithm for UAVs

[EN] A relevant task in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) flight is path planning in 3D environments. This task must be completed using the least possible computing time. The aim of this article is to combine methodologies to optimise the task in time and offer a complete 3D trajectory. The flight environment will be considered as a 3D adaptive discrete mesh, where grids are created with minimal refinement in the search for collision-free spaces. The proposed path planning algorithm for UAV saves computational time and memory resources compared with classical techniques. With the construction of the discrete meshing, a cost response methodology is applied as a discrete deterministic finite automaton (DDFA). A set of optimal partial responses, calculated recursively, indicates the collision-free spaces in the final path for the UAV flight.The authors would like to acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for providing funding through the project DPI2015-71443-R and the local administration Generalitat Valenciana through the project GV/2017/029. Franklin Samaniego thanks IFTH (Instituto de Fomento al Talento Humano) Ecuador (2015-AR2Q9209), for its sponsorship of this work.Samaniego-Riera, FE.; Sanchís Saez, J.; Garcia-Nieto, S.; Simarro Fernández, R. (2019). Recursive Rewarding Modified Adaptive Cell Decomposition (RR-MACD): A Dynamic Path Planning Algorithm for UAVs. Electronics. 8(3):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030306S12183Valavanis, K. P., & Vachtsevanos, G. J. (Eds.). (2015). 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Origin of superimposed and curved slickenlines in San Miguelito range, Central México

Interactions between intersecting faults cause local perturbations of the stress field in the vicinity of their intersections. Fault intersections are places of stress accumulation, stress relief and refraction of the stress trajectories; the slip vectors near these intersections are deviated from the maximum shear stress resolved by the far-field stress. In an intersecting fault system, superimposed, arc-shaped and zigzag slickenlines can be formed due to interaction between intersecting faults. We propose some mechanisms in which it is possible to recognize that the superimposed and curved slickenlines are produced from curvilinear translational fault motion. The geometrical models presented in this contribution are consistent with the slickenlines distribution observed in the vicinity of intersection lines, measured in the San Miguelito range, Mesa Central, México. Two tectonic phases have been inferred from our slip vector models near the intersection lines, which is consistent with observations of previously published work

Prismas generados por fracturas en experimentos con fécula

We present a didactic experiment of desiccation using starch-water mixture. The aim is to obtain prismatic joints similar to columns in basalt lava flows, or the desiccation fractures in sediments. Two types of joints were observed in experiments: a) the first formed joints are large, crossing completely the container used in the experiment. The intersection angles among the large joints are about 90°; b) The second joints are smaller; they develop after the large ones forming intersection angles from 90° to 140°. Both large and small joints have dips near 90° with respect the dissection surface. Using Voronoi diagrams we explained patterns which resemble the prismatic joints obtained in the experiment.Presentamos un experimento didáctico de desecación de fécula. El objetivo es obtener patrones prismáticos de fracturas, similares a los que se forman en derrames de basalto, o a las grietas de desecación en sedimentos. Se observaron dos tipos de fracturas en el experimento: a) las primeras que se formaron son grandes, cruzan completamente el contenedor utilizado en el experimento. Dichas fracturas se cruzan con ángulos muy cercanos a 90°. b) Las segundas fracturas que se forman son más pequeñas, se desarrollan después de formadas las grandes y presentan ángulos de intersección de entre 90° y 140°. Tanto las facturas grandes como las pequeñas tienen inclinaciones cercanas a 90° con respecto a la superficie de desecación. Se muestra como utilizando diagramas de Voronoi se puede obtener patrones semejantes a los arreglos de las fracturas del experimento.Palabras clave: Fracturas de desecación; Prismas columnares; Experimento de desecación; Diagramas de Voronoi.Prisms generated by joints in experiments of water-starch mixtureWe present a didactic experiment of desiccation using starch-water mixture. The aim is to obtain prismatic joints similar to columns in basalt lava flows, or the desiccation fractures in sediments. Two types of joints were observed in experiments: a) the first formed joints are large, crossing completely the container used in the experiment. The intersection angles among the large joints are about 90°; b) The second joints are smaller; they develop after the large ones forming intersection angles from 90° to 140°. Both large and small joints have dips near 90° with respect the dissection surface. Using Voronoi diagrams we explained patterns which resemble the prismatic joints obtained in the experiment.Keywords: Desiccation fractures; Basaltic prisms; Desiccation experiment; Voronoi diagrams

Prisms generated by joints in experiments of water-starch mixture

Presentamos un experimento didáctico de desecación de fécula. El objetivo es obtener patrones prismáticos de fracturas, similares a los que se forman en derrames de basalto, o a las grietas de desecación en sedimentos. Se observaron dos tipos de fracturas en el experimento: a) las primeras que se formaron son grandes, cruzan completamente el contenedor utilizado en el experimento. Dichas fracturas se cruzan con ángulos muy cercanos a 90°. b) Las segundas fracturas que se forman son más pequeñas, se desarrollan después de formadas las grandes y presentan ángulos de intersección de entre 90° y 140°. Tanto las facturas grandes como las pequeñas tienen inclinaciones cercanas a 90° con respecto a la superficie de desecación. Se muestra cómo utilizando diagramas de Voronoi se puede obtener patrones semejantes a los arreglos de las fracturas del experimento.We present a didactic experiment of desiccation using starch-water mixture. The aim is to obtain prismatic joints similar to columns in basalt lava flows, or the desiccation fractures in sediments. Two types of joints were observed in experiments: a) the first formed joints are large, crossing completely the container used in the experiment. The intersection angles among the large joints are about 90°; b) The second joints are smaller; they develop after the large ones forming intersection angles from 90° to 140°. Both large and small joints have dips near 90° with respect the dissection surface. Using Voronoi diagrams we explained patterns which resemble the prismatic joints obtained in the experiment.5 página