New proposals, old circuits. The role of spanish film festivals in the consolidation of new directors

El artículo tiene por objeto la revisión de los festivales de cine en España como plataforma de los nuevos realizadores desde tres perspectivas. Por una parte, la actualización de la cartografía de los certámenes que se celebran en el territorio nacional, tratando de conocer aspectos como su distribución en función del lugar en el que se celebran, las fechas en las que tienen lugar, formatos admitidos a concurso, contenidos y temáticas. Un segundo aspecto está relacionado con el tratamiento que reciben actualmente los festivales en los medios de comunicación y conocer el valor que se da a esta manifestación cultural. Finalmente, este texto incluye un análisis de las funciones que tradicionalmente le son atribuidas a los festivales de cine y, en concreto, al cumplimiento como plataforma de nuevos realizadoresThe purpose of this article is to examine the film festivals in Spain as a platform fornew filmmakers from three perspectives. First, we want to update the festival map in Spain. Probably this is the most important essence of this work. We offer information about the cities and the towns where they take places, as well as the date of celebration of these events, supported formats tocompetition, thematic to competition and other contents. A second aspect is related to the treatment currently receiving at media. This research aims to establish a relationship with other cinematographic content in those same media. This text includes an analysis of the functions traditionally attributed to film festivals and, particular, accomplishment as a platform for new filmmaker

Expectations about foreign students in a peripheral neighborhood of Granada (Spain): educational trajectories under the filter of culturalism

Ha pasado más de una década desde el boom migratorio en España, donde la llegada de alumnado de origen extranjero ha dejado de ser una novedad en las aulas. Este artículo se interesa sobre la percepción que la trayectoria educativa del alumnado extranjero en la educación obligatoria tienen tanto el personal docente como los progenitores. El estudio se centra en si dicha percepción es positiva u optimista, y en examinar qué tipo de variables se sopesan en los discursos. Especialmente el recurso a una supuesta especificidad cultural, como eje principal en las percepciones, o la introducción de otras variables sociales. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo de carácter local realizado en un barrio de la ciudad de Granada con una notable presencia de inmigrantes, aunque sin llegar a cuotas altas de segregación.It has been more than a decade since the immigration boom in Spain. The arrival of students of foreign origin has ceased to be a novelty in the Spanish school classrooms. In this article, we are interested in the perception of the educational trajectory of foreign students in compulsory education for both teachers and parents. There are two points that are analyzed: first, if this perception is positive or optimistic, and secondly, to examine what type of variables are weighed in the discourses. Especially the recourse to a supposed cultural specificity as the main axis in the perceptions or the introduction of other social variables. It´s a qualitative study of a local character conducted in a neighborhood of Granada with a notable presence of immigrants, although without reaching high rates of segregation

Hydrothermal CO2 conversion using zinc as reductant: Batch reaction, modeling and parametric analysis of the process

Producción CientíficaHydrothermal CO2 reduction using Zn as reductant was investigated. This process has the advantage of avoiding the use of hydrogen with all its safety and environmental concerns, and allows an easy integration with CO2 capture as NaHCO3. In this work, this reaction was studied in batch reactors at temperatures from 275 to 325 °C. Conversions up to 60% were obtained with 100% selectivity towards formic acid, at reaction times between 10 and 180 min. A mathematical model correlated with data from literature was developed and is able to correctly predict both experimental and literature data with an averaged error of 3.5%. Main variables of the process were analyzed: temperature, Zn/HCO3− ratio, heating rate, Zn particle size, pressure, etc. The optimum reaction conditions found were 300 °C with a rapid heating, and particle sizes of 10 μm. Zn excess dramatically improves the yield, but a lower excess can be compensated at high pressures.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project ENE2014-53459-R

Secreted phospholipase A2-IIA modulates transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblast through EGFR transactivation: An inflammation–fibrosis link

Producción CientíficaSecreted phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is a pro-inflammatory protein associated with cardiovascular disorders, whose functions and underlying mechanisms in cardiac remodelling are still under investigation. We herein study the role of sPLA2-IIA in cardiac fibroblast (CFs)-to-myofibroblast differentiation and fibrosis, two major features involved in cardiac remodelling, and also explore potential mechanisms involved. In a mice model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) after autoimmune myocarditis, serum and cardiac sPLA2-IIA protein expression were found to be increased, together with elevated cardiac levels of the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Exogenous sPLA2-IIA treatment induced proliferation and differentiation of adult rat CFs. Molecular studies demonstrated that sPLA2-IIA promoted Src phosphorylation, shedding of the membrane-anchored heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) ectodomain and EGFR phosphorylation, which triggered phosphorylation of ERK, P70S6K and rS6. This was also accompanied by an up-regulated expression of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-1, LOX and collagen I. ROS accumulation were also found to be increased in sPLA2-IIA-treated CFs. The presence of inhibitors of the Src/ADAMs-dependent HB-EGF shedding/EGFR pathway abolished the CF phenotype induced by sPLA2-IIA. In conclusion, sPLA2-IIA may promote myofibroblast differentiation through its ability to modulate EGFR transactivation and signalling as key mechanisms that underlie its biological and pro-fibrotic effects.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grants SAF2012-34460 and SAF2016-81063)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant PI18/010257729

Endothelin-1 serum levels in women with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum Endothelin-1(ET-1) levels in female Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients compared with healthy controls, examine possible associations between ET-1 with different characteristic of the disease and investigate possible associations between ET-1 with surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Vega-Baja Hospital, Orihuela (Spain) from November 2016 to May 2018. Sixty-three women with RA and sixty-five age and sex healthy controls were included in this study. Serum ET-1 was analyzed using ELISA. Results: Serum levels of ET-1 in RA female patients were higher than those in healthy controls (p ??0.001). Serum le vels of ET-1 were positively associated with Nterminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (r = 0.27, p < 0.05) and with C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.36, p < 0.05). ET-1 levels in women with RA were higher in smokers. Pre dnisone use was associated with lower ET-1 levels. No association with carotid intima media thickness was found. Conclusions: we observed the presence of higher le - vels of serum ET-1 in RA women patients compared with healthy controls. These increased levels of ET-1 are associated with inflammation and smoking and reduced by prednisone intake

La contaminación microbiana de colirios en condiciones semejantes a las de su empleo

Se ha realizado un estudio de la posible contaminación de colirios durante el uso. Para ello se han analizado 152 muestras de 76 especialidades distintas del mercado español. Han resultado contaminadas el 63% de las muestras, correspondiendo un 35% a hongos, un 28% a levaduras y un 42% a bacterias.A study of the possible contamination of ophthalmic solutions during the use was madc. A survey of 152 samples from 76 different spanish ophthalmic preparations were analyzed. The microbiological investigations refered in this paper were realized in the open eye samples. A total of 63% of then were contaminated, 42% of the isolated microorganisms were bacteria, 35% fungi and 23% yeastsTrabajo realizado con una ayuda de investigación en equipo concedida por el I. N. A. P. E

Control de esterilidad en colirios: Identificación a nivel genérico de las bacterias aisladas

Se ha realizado un estudio sobre el estado de esterilidad de 525 muestras de 75 especialidades diferentes de colirios comercializados en España, siguiendo la metodología de G. de Felip (1975). Han resultado contaminadas 17 muestras de 10 especialidades, lo que indica que un 13 por 100 de los colirios son rechazables, según los criterios de la U. S. P. XIX ed. El 30 por 100 de la contaminación se debió a Bacillus, el 40 por 100 a hongos y el 20 por 100 a Corinebacterias.The sterility of 525 samples representing 75 different eye drops preparations commercially available in Spain has been examined using the method of G. de Felip (1975), employed sterile membrane filtration (pore size 0,45 ¡.Lm) and subsequent culture. Contaminating microorganisms were found in 17 samples representing 10 different eye drop preparations. The contaminants isolated were mem bers of the fo11owing genera: Bacillus, Micrococcus, Aerococcus, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, Nocardia y also organisms which were probably corynebac teria, actinomyces, yeats or fungi. 30 % of the :contaminans belonged to the genus Bacillus, 40 % were fungi and 20 % corynebacteria. According to the criteria established by U. S. P. XIX ed. a11 these sam pIes would have been rejected. However, according to G. de Felip only two of them contained more than 1 viable organism per mI, and accordingly, the remaining ones would be considered acceptable. The Icontamination could be due to sorne fault in sterilization or in the sealing process but, in any case, a more exhaustive control of sterilization is advisable

Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) topsoil levels and incidence of childhood leukemias

There are few well-established risk factors for childhood leukemias. While the frequency of childhood leukemias might be partially attributable to some diseases (accounting for a small fraction of cases) or ionizing radiation, the role of heavy metals has not been assessed. The objective of our study was to assess the potential association between levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (PB) in soil and childhood leukemias incidence. We conducted a population-based case-control study of childhood leukaemia in Spain, covering 2897 incident cases gathered from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumours and including 14 Spanish Regions with a total population of 5,307,433 children (period 1996-2015). Cd and Pb bioavailable levels at every children's home address were estimated using data from the Geochemical Atlas of Spain. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs); we included as covariates: sex, rurality, employment rate and socioeconomic status. Metal levels were analysed according to two definitions: as continuous variable assuming linearity and as categorical variables to explore a potentially nonlinear association (quantiles). Increases in both Cd and Pb topsoil levels were associated with increased probability of childhood leukemias incidence. The results for the models with the continuous variables showed that a unit increase on the topsoil level was associated with an OR of 1.11 for Cd (95%CI 1.00-1.24) and an OR of 1.10 for Pb (95%CI 0.99-1.21). Our study may point towards a possible link between residential Cd and Pb topsoil levels and the probability of childhood leukemias incidence. Residing in a location with the highest concentrations of these heavy metals compared to those locations with the lowest could increase the risk around a 20%, for both Cd and Pb.This work was supported by Carlos III Health Institute: FIS 12/01416, AESI PI16CIII/00009, AESI PI19CIII/00025.S

Finding immunological differences to help diagnosis and early treatment of Kawasaki Disease and MIS-C (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children)

Resumen del trabajo presentado en el 43 Congreso De La Sociedad Española de Inmunología, celebrado en León (España) del 22 al 24 de septiembre de 2022.The recent COVID-19 pandemic was first thought to spare children from health deprivation caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, soon a new syndrome resembling Kawasaki Disease (KD) was reported: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The aim of this study is to provide new biomarkers for both diseases in order to facilitate diagnosis and reduce the time-lapse until treatment is provided – which will reduce the risk of developing severe cardiovascular complications. An extensive immune system characterization by flow cytometry and serum protein characterization by a multiplex technology (Olink) was performed from fresh blood samples of patients with acute MIS-C (n=19) and KD (n=10). For protein characterization we also analysed recovery samples for these groups (n=19 and n=8, respectively). Besides the already described lymphopenia in MIS-C, we found additional significant immune differences in both groups. Although lymphocyte numbers (cells/ml) were lower in MIS-C, percentages of activated T-CD4+ and T-CD8+ cells were higher compared to KD. Moreover, when comparing activated T cells in MIS-C and KD individually, regulatory T cells (Treg) showed the highest levels. These data suggest a stronger response of T cells in MIS-C, and higher Treg activity in both groups, which could reflect the response to the excessive inflammation. Ratios previously described in other inflammatory conditions were evaluated: MIS-C showed higher neutrophil/lymphocyte and Th17/Treg ratios than KD, suggesting higher inflammatory conditions in this group. In addition, monocyte and dendritic cells (DCs) numbers were decreased in MIS-C relative to KD. Parallel to these inflammatory cellular profiles, we identified increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma of patients during the acute phase of the disease compared to recovery samples. Moreover, IL-6, which is one of the main cytokines involved in cytokine storm in adult COVID-19, was higher in MIS-C suggesting, again, stronger inflammatory conditions in this pathology compared to KD

A DNA intercalating dye-based RT-qPCR alternative to diagnose SARS-CoV-2

Early detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been proven crucial during the efforts to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several diagnostic methods have emerged in the past few months, each with different shortcomings and limitations. The current gold standard, RT-qPCR using fluorescent probes, relies on demanding equipment requirements plus the high costs of the probes and specific reaction mixes. To broaden the possibilities of reagents and thermocyclers that could be allocated towards this task, we have optimized an alternative strategy for RT-qPCR diagnosis. This is based on a widely used DNA-intercalating dye and can be implemented with several different qPCR reagents and instruments. Remarkably, the proposed qPCR method performs similarly to the broadly used TaqMan-based detection, in terms of specificity and sensitivity, thus representing a reliable tool. We think that, through enabling the use of vast range of thermocycler models and laboratory facilities for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, the alternative proposed here can increase dramatically the testing capability, especially in countries with limited access to costly technology and reagents.Fil: Fuchs Wightman, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Godoy Herz, Micaela Amalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Juan Cristóbal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Stigliano, Jose Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Bragado, Laureano Fabian Tomas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Nieto Moreno, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Palavecino Ruiz, Marcos Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Servi, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Cabrerizo, Gonzalo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Clemente, Jose Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Avaro, Martín. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; ArgentinaFil: Pontoriero, Andrea. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; ArgentinaFil: Benedetti, Estefanía. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; ArgentinaFil: Baumeister, Elsa. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; ArgentinaFil: Rudolf, Fabian. Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; SuizaFil: Remes Lenicov, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Cybele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Buggiano, Valeria Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Kornblihtt, Alberto Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Srebrow, Anabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: de la Mata, Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Manuel Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Schor, Ignacio Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Petrillo, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin