2,182 research outputs found
Waste fish oil as an alternative renewable fuel for IC engines
Received: January 31st, 2021 ; Accepted: April 10th, 2021 ; Published: April 30th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] are potential fuels for internal combustion engines because of they have
advantageous properties such as biodegradability, renewability, high oxygen content and low
sulphur. However, the high viscosity, surface tension, and density of crude bio-oils pose
challenges for engine use. Those properties affect fuel spray characteristics, mixture formation
and combustion. In turn, these impact engine, efficiency, power and emissions. This study
investigated the use of crude fish oil (FO) at medium and low engine-loads at two engine speeds
in an off-road engine. The injectors had 6-hole high flow rate tips. The results were compared
with those of fossil diesel fuel oil (DFO). Fish oil increased hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO) and partly oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. Smoke number, however, decreased. Crude
fish oil also showed lowered total particle number (TPN) at low load at low engine-speed
compared with DFO
AND Protocols Using Only Uniform Shuffles
Secure multi-party computation using a deck of playing cards has been a
subject of research since the "five-card trick" introduced by den Boer in 1989.
One of the main problems in card-based cryptography is to design
committed-format protocols to compute a Boolean AND operation subject to
different runtime and shuffle restrictions by using as few cards as possible.
In this paper, we introduce two AND protocols that use only uniform shuffles.
The first one requires four cards and is a restart-free Las Vegas protocol with
finite expected runtime. The second one requires five cards and always
terminates in finite time.Comment: This paper has appeared at CSR 201
Gap equation in scalar field theory at finite temperature
We investigate the two-loop gap equation for the thermal mass of hot massless
theory and find that the gap equation itself has a non-zero finite
imaginary part. This indicates that it is not possible to find the real thermal
mass as a solution of the gap equation beyond order in perturbation
theory. We have solved the gap equation and obtain the real and the imaginary
part of the thermal mass which are correct up to order in perturbation
theory.Comment: 13 pages, Latex with axodraw, Minor corrections, Appendix adde
Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in Planar QED
We investigate (2+1)-dimensional QED coupled with Dirac fermions both at zero
and finite temperature. We discuss in details two-components (P-odd) and
four-components (P-even) fermion fields. We focus on P-odd and P-even Dirac
fermions in presence of an external constant magnetic field. In the spontaneous
generation of the magnetic condensate survives even at infinite temperature. We
also discuss the spontaneous generation of fermion mass in presence of an
external magnetic field.Comment: 34 pages, 8 postscript figures, final version to appear on J. Phys.
Enhancement of bulk second-harmonic generation from silicon nitride films by material composition
We present a comprehensive tensorial characterization of second-harmonic
generation from silicon nitride films with varying composition. The samples
were fabricated using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and the
material composition was varied by the reactive gas mixture in the process. We
found a six-fold enhancement between the lowest and highest second-order
susceptibility, with the highest value of approximately 5 pm/V from the most
silicon-rich sample. Moreover, the optical losses were found to be sufficiently
small (below 6 dB/cm) for applications. The tensorial results show that all
samples retain in-plane isotropy independent of silicon content, highlighting
the controllability of the fabrication process.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; Re-submitted to Optics Letter
Secure Grouping Protocol Using a Deck of Cards
We consider a problem, which we call secure grouping, of dividing a number of
parties into some subsets (groups) in the following manner: Each party has to
know the other members of his/her group, while he/she may not know anything
about how the remaining parties are divided (except for certain public
predetermined constraints, such as the number of parties in each group). In
this paper, we construct an information-theoretically secure protocol using a
deck of physical cards to solve the problem, which is jointly executable by the
parties themselves without a trusted third party. Despite the non-triviality
and the potential usefulness of the secure grouping, our proposed protocol is
fairly simple to describe and execute. Our protocol is based on algebraic
properties of conjugate permutations. A key ingredient of our protocol is our
new techniques to apply multiplication and inverse operations to hidden
permutations (i.e., those encoded by using face-down cards), which would be of
independent interest and would have various potential applications
Induced Parity Breaking Term at Finite Temperature
We compute the exact induced parity-breaking part of the effective action for
2+1 massive fermions in at finite temperature by calculating the
fermion determinant in a particular background. The result confirms that gauge
invariance of the effective action is respected even when large gauge
transformations are considered.Comment: to be published in Physical Review Letters. 5 pages, Revtex, no
figure
Fixed Charge Ensembles and Parity Breaking Terms
Recently derived results for the exact induced parity-breaking term in 2+1
dimensions at finite temperature are shown to be relevant to the determination
of the free energy for fixed-charge ensembles. The partition functions for
fixed total charge corresponding to massive fermions in the presence of Abelian
and non-Abelian magnetic fields are discussed. We show that the presence of the
induced Chern-Simons term manifests itself in that the free energy depends
strongly on the relation between the external magnetic flux and the value of
the fixed charge.Comment: 10 pages, Revte
A New Time Contour for Equilibrium Real-Time Thermal Field Theories (7 characters altered for email)
A new time contour is used to derive real-time thermal field theory. Unlike
previous path integral approaches, no contributions to the generating
functional are dropped.Comment: 9, LaTeX (article style), Imperial/TP/91-92/3
- …