Received: January 31st, 2021 ; Accepted: April 10th, 2021 ; Published: April 30th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] are potential fuels for internal combustion engines because of they have
advantageous properties such as biodegradability, renewability, high oxygen content and low
sulphur. However, the high viscosity, surface tension, and density of crude bio-oils pose
challenges for engine use. Those properties affect fuel spray characteristics, mixture formation
and combustion. In turn, these impact engine, efficiency, power and emissions. This study
investigated the use of crude fish oil (FO) at medium and low engine-loads at two engine speeds
in an off-road engine. The injectors had 6-hole high flow rate tips. The results were compared
with those of fossil diesel fuel oil (DFO). Fish oil increased hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO) and partly oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. Smoke number, however, decreased. Crude
fish oil also showed lowered total particle number (TPN) at low load at low engine-speed
compared with DFO
