111 research outputs found
Exploring levels of student-athlete burnout at two Canadian universities
The purpose of the current study was to examine the levels of burnout among student-athletes at two Canadian universities and to investigate whether there were significant differences related to gender, sport, year of university sport participation, academic year, and academic program. Burnout was measured by administering Raedeke and Smithâs (2001) Athlete Burnout Questionnaire to 145 student-athletes from various sports. Overall, 1.4% of the student-athletes had elevated burnout scores on all three subscales, and 17% scored high on two of the three subscales. No significant differences emerged with regards to year of varsity sport participation, academic year, or program. However, women had significantly higher levels of emotional and physical exhaustion than men. Significant differences also emerged in relation to levels of emotional and physical exhaustion, and of sport devaluation, when comparing various sports.
Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer le niveau dâĂ©puisement dâĂ©tudiants athlĂštes frĂ©quentant deux universitĂ©s canadiennes et de dĂ©terminer sâil y avait des diffĂ©rences significatives liĂ©es au sexe, au sport, au nombre dâannĂ©es de participation au sport universitaire, ainsi quâĂ lâannĂ©e universitaire et au programme dâĂ©tude. LâĂ©puisement a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ© en distribuant le « Athlete Burnout Questionnaire » (Raedeke & Smith, 2001) Ă 145 Ă©tudiants athlĂštes universitaires de diffĂ©rentes disciplines sportives. En somme, 1,4 % des participants ont affichĂ© des scores Ă©levĂ©s sur chacune des trois sous-Ă©chelles et 17 % ont fait de mĂȘme sur deux dâentre elles. Aucune diffĂ©rence marquĂ©e nâa Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©e quant au nombre dâannĂ©es de participation au sport universitaire, ni Ă lâannĂ©e universitaire ou au type de programme dâĂ©tude. Cependant, les femmes ont affichĂ© un niveau dâĂ©puisement Ă©motif et physique significativement plus Ă©levĂ© que celui des hommes. En outre, on a notĂ© des diffĂ©rences marquĂ©es en comparant les sports entre eux en ce qui a trait au niveau dâĂ©puisement Ă©motif et physique et au niveau de dĂ©valorisation des disciplines
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The biological embedding of early-life socioeconomic status and family adversity in children's genome-wide DNA methylation.
AimTo examine variation in child DNA methylation to assess its potential as a pathway for effects of childhood social adversity on health across the life course.Materials & methodsIn a diverse, prospective community sample of 178 kindergarten children, associations between three types of social experience and DNA methylation within buccal epithelial cells later in childhood were examined.ResultsFamily income, parental education and family psychosocial adversity each associated with increased or decreased DNA methylation (488, 354 and 102 sites, respectively) within a unique set of genomic CpG sites. Gene ontology analyses pointed to genes serving immune and developmental regulation functions.ConclusionFindings provided support for DNA methylation as a biomarker linking early-life social experiences with later life health in humans
Ice-Cap: A Method for Growing Arabidopsis and Tomato Plants in 96-well Plates for High-Throughput Genotyping
It is becoming common for plant scientists to develop projects that require the genotyping of large numbers of plants. The first step in any genotyping project is to collect a tissue sample from each individual plant. The traditional approach to this task is to sample plants one-at-a-time. If one wishes to genotype hundreds or thousands of individuals, however, using this strategy results in a significant bottleneck in the genotyping pipeline. The Ice-Cap method that we describe here provides a high-throughput solution to this challenge by allowing one scientist to collect tissue from several thousand seedlings in a single day 1,2. This level of throughput is made possible by the fact that tissue is harvested from plants 96-at-a-time, rather than one-at-a-time
Moving Cages Further Offshore: Effects on Southern Bluefin Tuna, T. maccoyii, Parasites, Health and Performance
The effects of offshore aquaculture on SBT health (particularly parasitic infections and haematology) and performance were the main aim of this study. Two cohorts of ranched Southern Bluefin tuna (SBT) (Thunnus maccoyii) were monitored throughout the commercial season, one maintained in the traditional near shore tuna farming zone and one maintained further offshore. SBT maintained offshore had reduced mortality, increased condition index at week 6 post transfer, reduced blood fluke and sealice loads, and haematological variables such as haemoglobin or lysozyme equal to or exceeding near shore maintained fish. The offshore cohort had no Cardicola forsteri and a 5% prevalence of Caligus spp., compared to a prevalence of 85% for Cardicola forsteri and 55% prevalence for Caligus spp. near shore at 6 weeks post transfer. This study is the first of its kind to examine the effects of commercial offshore sites on farmed fish parasites, health and performance
Correction: Selenium mediates exercise-induced adult neurogenesis and reverses learning deficits induced by hippocampal injury and aging
Effectiveness of Chest Physiotherapy in Infants Hospitalized with Acute Bronchiolitis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Vincent Gajdos and colleagues report results of a randomized trial conducted among hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis. They show that a physiotherapy technique (increased exhalation and assisted cough) commonly used in France does not reduce time to recovery in this population
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Warming, drought, and disturbances lead to shifts in functional composition: a millennialâscale analysis for Amazonian and Andean sites
Tropical forests are changing in composition and productivity, probably in response to changes in climate and disturbances. The responses to these multiple environmental drivers, and the mechanisms underlying the changes, remain largely unknown. Here, we use a functional trait approach on timescales of 10,000âyears to assess how climate and disturbances influence the community-mean adult height, leaf area, seed mass, and wood density for eight lowland and highland forest landscapes. To do so, we combine data of eight fossil pollen records with functional traits and proxies for climate (temperature, precipitation, and El Niño frequency) and disturbances (fire and general disturbances). We found that temperature and disturbances were the most important drivers of changes in functional composition. Increased water availability (high precipitation and low El Niño frequency) generally led to more acquisitive trait composition (large leaves and soft wood). In lowland forests, warmer climates decreased community-mean height probably because of increased water stress, whereas in highland forests warmer climates increased height probably because of upslope migration of taller species. Disturbance increased the abundance of acquisitive, disturbance-adapted taxa with small seeds for quick colonization of disturbed sites, large leaves for light capture, and soft wood to attain fast height growth. Fire had weak effects on lowland forests but led to more stress-adapted taxa that are tall with fast life cycles and small seeds that can quickly colonize burned sites. Site-specific analyses were largely in line with cross-site analyses, except for varying site-level effects of El Niño frequency and fire activity, possibly because regional patterns in El Niño are not a good predictor of local changes, and charcoal abundances do not reflect fire intensity or severity. With future global changes, tropical Amazonian and Andean forests may transition toward shorter, drought- and disturbance-adapted forests in the lowlands but taller forests in the highlands
Early detection and counselling intervention of asthma symptoms in preschool children: study design of a cluster randomised controlled trial
Background. Prevention of childhood asthma is an important public health objective. This study evaluates the effectiveness of early detection of preschool children with asthma symptoms, followed by a counselling intervention at preventive child health centres. Early detection and counselling is expected to reduce the prevalence of asthma symptoms and improve health-related quality of life at age 6 years. Methods/design. This cluster randomised controlled trial was embedded within the Rotterdam population-based prospective cohort study Generation R in which 7893 children (born between April 2002 and January 2006) participated in the postnatal phase. Sixteen child health centres are involved, randomised into 8 intervention and 8 control centres. Since June 2005, an early detection tool has been applied at age 14, 24, 36 and 45 months at the intervention centres. Children who met the intervention criteria received counselling intervention (personal advice to parents to prevent smoke exposure of the child, and/or referral to the general practitioner or asthma nurse). The primary outcome was asthma diagnosis at age 6 years. Secondary outcomes included frequency and severity of asthma symptoms, health-related quality of life, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and airway resistance at age 6 years. Analysis was according to the intention-to-treat principle. Data collection will be completed end 2011. Discussion. This study among preschool children provides insight into the effectiveness of early detection of asthma symptoms followed by a counselling intervention at preventive child health centres. Trial registration. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15790308
On the Importance of Complaint Handling Design : A Multi-Level Analysis of the Impact in Specific Complaint Situations
Given the large investments required for high-quality complaint handling design,
managers need practical guidance in understanding its actual importance for their
particular company. However, while prior research emphasizes the general relevance
of complaint handling design, it fails to provide a more differentiated perspective on
this interesting issue. This study, which is based on an integrative multi-level
framework and a dyadic dataset, addresses this important gap in research. Results
indicate that the impact of a companyâs complaint handling design varies significantly
depending on the characteristics of the complaining customers with which the firm has
to deal. Further, this paper shows that, contingent on these characteristics, a companyâs
complaint handling design can shape complainantsâ fairness perceptions either
considerably or only slightly. Overall, findings suggest that companies should apply
an adaptive approach to complaint handling to avoid misallocation of attention,
energy, and resources
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