Subcortical brain volume, regional cortical thickness, and cortical surface area across disorders: findings from the ENIGMA ADHD, ASD, and OCD Working Groups

Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. We aimed to directly compare all three disorders. The ENIGMA consortium is ideally positioned to investigate structural brain alterations across these disorders. Methods Structural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI of controls (n=5,827) and patients with ADHD (n=2,271), ASD (n=1,777), and OCD (n=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. We examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex and site (and ICV for subcortical and surface area measures). Results We found no shared alterations among all three disorders, while shared alterations between any two disorders did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Children with ADHD compared to those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller ICV than controls and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared to adult controls and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific alterations across different age-groups and surface area alterations among all disorders in childhood and adulthood were observed. Conclusion Our findings suggest robust but subtle alterations across different age-groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific ICV and hippocampal alterations in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness alterations in the frontal cortex in adults support previous work emphasizing neurodevelopmental alterations in these disorders

Recovery and recycling of cotton and cotton-containing garments

[Excerpt] Introduction Textile waste represent an abundant source of synthetic and natural fibres (nearly 92 Mt year-) that must be reused to mitigate the environmental impact of the petrochemical extraction, as well as an intensive use of chemicals and water requirements.This research was funded by FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness Program– COMPETE, under the project POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047124, and by National Funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), under the project UID/CTM/00264/2020. Talita Nicolau and Cátia Alves acknowledge FCT, MCTES, FSE and UE PhD grants 2022.15386.BD and 2022.10454.BD, respectively

Uma relação concreta: A prática do futebol em São Paulo e os Estádios do Parque Antarctica e do Pacaembu

Ao relacionar a introdução do futebol na cidade de São Paulo, seu desenvolvimento e a atração de torcedores, o artigo procura mostrar como esta prática esportiva tornou-se não apenas cultural, mas também material na Pauliceia. De maneira específica, o artigo analisa como dois dos principais estádios paulistanos foram forjados, e como as arquiteturas do Parque Antarctica, na Água Branca, e do Pacaembu, no bairro homônimo, possibilitaram o desenvolvimento e a celebração de uma tecnologia construtiva: a do concreto armado. O artigo explora, então, alguns caracteres de identidade da capital paulista: o futebol e o concreto armado, tecendo considerações sobre esta relação indelével, embora pouco explorada em nossa historiografia

Museu Paulista: espaço de evocação do passado e reflexão sobre a história

This article focuses the relationships historically established between the Museu Paulista of USP and its visitors, based on personal testimonies, made in the period from 1992 to 1995. The central argument is that the secular interaction between the institution and the different classes of the audience bases itself on celebrative traditions created in regard of the Independence and, also, on a large and complex scenario of interpretations and expectations about the meanings of History museums

Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19.

BACKGROUND: Thrombosis and inflammation may contribute to morbidity and mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). We hypothesized that therapeutic-dose anticoagulation would improve outcomes in critically ill patients with Covid-19. METHODS: In an open-label, adaptive, multiplatform, randomized clinical trial, critically ill patients with severe Covid-19 were randomly assigned to a pragmatically defined regimen of either therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin or pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in accordance with local usual care. The primary outcome was organ support-free days, evaluated on an ordinal scale that combined in-hospital death (assigned a value of -1) and the number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support up to day 21 among patients who survived to hospital discharge. RESULTS: The trial was stopped when the prespecified criterion for futility was met for therapeutic-dose anticoagulation. Data on the primary outcome were available for 1098 patients (534 assigned to therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and 564 assigned to usual-care thromboprophylaxis). The median value for organ support-free days was 1 (interquartile range, -1 to 16) among the patients assigned to therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and was 4 (interquartile range, -1 to 16) among the patients assigned to usual-care thromboprophylaxis (adjusted proportional odds ratio, 0.83; 95% credible interval, 0.67 to 1.03; posterior probability of futility [defined as an odds ratio <1.2], 99.9%). The percentage of patients who survived to hospital discharge was similar in the two groups (62.7% and 64.5%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% credible interval, 0.64 to 1.11). Major bleeding occurred in 3.8% of the patients assigned to therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and in 2.3% of those assigned to usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill patients with Covid-19, an initial strategy of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin did not result in a greater probability of survival to hospital discharge or a greater number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support than did usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. (REMAP-CAP, ACTIV-4a, and ATTACC ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02735707, NCT04505774, NCT04359277, and NCT04372589.)