Effect of the fructose and glucose concentration on the rheological behavior of high fructose syrups

The objective of this work was to study the effect of fructose and glucose content on the rheological behavior of syrups. Initially, high fructose syrup from the fructans present in leaves, bases and head of Agave tequilana Weber blue was obtained. Then, its contents of moisture, ash, fructose, glucose and direct and total reducing sugars were determined. Finally, the physicochemical properties of the syrups were evaluated and compared with a high commercial fructose corn syrup (Frudex 55) and other fructose, glucose and sucrose syrups. All of them had the same temperature and concentration of total solids. All syrups behaved as Newtonian fluids and had no statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in their density, water activity and in direct and total reducing sugars. The viscosity and surface tension of syrup depended on its fructose and glucose content. Also, greater fructose content produces syrups with lower viscosity and lower surface tension.Keywords: High fructose syrups, viscosity, rheological behavior, Newtonian fluidsAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 12(12), pp. 1401-140

H-Galois extensions with normal basis for weak Hopf algebras

Let H be a weak Hopf algebra and let A be an H-comodule algebra with subalgebra of coinvariants AH. In this paper we introduce the notion of H-Galois extension with normal basis and we prove that AH ,→ A is an H-Galois extension with normal basis if and only if AH ,→ A is an H-cleft extension which admits a convolution invertible total integral. As a consequence, if H is cocommutative and A commutative, we obtain a bijective correspondence between the second cohomology group H2 ϕAH (H, AH) and the set of isomorphism classes of H-Galois extensions with normal basis whose left action over AH is ϕAHThis work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and by Feder founds. Grant MTM2013-43687-P: Homología, homotopía e invariantes categóricos en grupos y álgebras no asociativasS

Influence of starch source in the required hydrolysis time for the production of maltodextrins with different dextrose equivalent

The starches were statistically different (p < 0.05) in their protein, ash, fat, phosphorus, amylose and amylopectin content. The amylose/amylopectin ratios in corn, potato and rice starches were 0.389, 0.282 and 0.220, respectively. The phosphorus content in the same order of starches was: 0.15 ± 0.01; 0.80 ± 0.02 and 0.95 ± 0.02 g/kg, respectively. The chemical composition of the different starches, and specifically its amylose and amylopectin content, its phosphorus content and the way it is bound to the starch molecule, affect the functional properties like the viscosity of gels and the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of these molecules. The rice starch is easily hydrolyzed by the á-amylase enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae and therefore, it required less time to obtain maltodextrin by enzymatic hydrolysis from rice starch compared with those from corn or potato starch. Under saturation conditions of the enzyme, the dextrose equivalent content was proportional to the hydrolysis time, regardless of the starting starch source.Key words: Starch, maltodextrins, dextrose equivalent, amylose, amylopectin

Experts, politicians and the citizenship in the construction of the tech-scientific knowledge. Some interactions that lead to the understanding of the relationships among science, technology and society

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar, básicamente, las conexiones que se establecen entre los expertos científico-técnicos, como comunidad científica especializada, y la ciudadanía entendida ésta como público, como agencia portadora de conocimiento de utilidad y como ente que ayuda a la financiación de la investigación científica. Comenzamos el análisis destacando las principales características de las relaciones entre ciencia y sociedad durante la última parte del siglo XX y principios del XXI, enfatizando los roles representados por el público y por los expertos profesionales frente a la construcción de los productos científicos y subrayando algunos criterios que pueden definir a la comunidad científica actual y sus fronteras. A continuación analizamos las actuales concepciones que explican cómo se construye el conocimiento científico y finalmente nos centramos en los criterios de adaptación que ha de tomar en cuenta una nueva propuesta teórica: la gobernanza deliberativopluralista que permite comprender las nuevas relaciones entre expertos, políticos y ciudadanos, y que ha de ser entendida como una versión actualizada de la política científica, concibiendo ésta como uno de los instrumentos más apropiados para orientar la investigación científica y tecnológica. La propuesta de la gobernanza deliberativopluralista reconoce la importancia de la participación ciudadana en la construcción del conocimiento y considera su inclusión en la toma de decisiones un criterio justo y democrático, orientado por la idea de alcanzar un mayor bienestar social.The main objective of this work is to analyze, basically, the connections that are established among the techscientific experts, as a specialized scientific community, and the citizenship taken as the public, as a bearer agency of knowledge of utility and as a body that helps to the financing of the scientific investigation. We started the analysis by enhancing the principal characteristics of the relationship between science and society during the last part of the XX century and the beginnings of the XXI, focusing on the represented roles by the public and by the professional experts facing the construction of the scientific products and underlining some criteria that can define the current scientific community and their frontiers. Next, we analyzed the current conceptions which explain the way the scientific knowledge is constructed and finally we focused on the adaptation criteria when taking into account a new theoretical proposal: the deliberative – pluralist government that leads to the understanding of new relationships among experts, politicians and citizens, and that must be understood as an updated version of the scientific politics, conceiving this as one of the most appropriated tools to guide the scientific and technological investigation. The proposal of the deliberative – pluralist government acknowledges the relevance of the citizenship participation in the construction of the knowledge and it considers the inclusion of a fair and democratic judgment in the decisions making, guided by the idea of reaching a better social welfare

The oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is involved in myofibril growth and Z-disc assembly in Drosophila

Myofibrils are long intracellular cables specific to muscles, composed mainly of actin and myosin filaments. The actin and myosin filaments are organized into repeated units called sarcomeres, which form the myofibrils. Muscle contraction is achieved by the simultaneous shortening of sarcomeres, which requires all sarcomeres to be the same size. Muscles have a variety of ways to ensure sarcomere homogeneity. We have previously shown that the controlled oligomerization of Zasp proteins sets the diameter of the myofibril. Here, we looked for Zasp-binding proteins at the Z-disc to identify additional proteins coordinating myofibril growth and assembly. We found that the E1 subunit of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex localizes to both the Z-disc and the mitochondria, and is recruited to the Z-disc by Zasp52. The three subunits of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex are required for myofibril formation. Using super-resolution microscopy, we revealed the overall organization of the complex at the Z-disc. Metabolomics identified an amino acid imbalance affecting protein synthesis as a possible cause of myofibril defects, which is supported by OGDH-dependent localization of ribosomes at the Z-disc

Indigenous Development: Poverty, Democracy and Sustainability

The contributions included in this volume reflect both the challenges and opportunities of an incipient process of reflection and dialogue between indigenous peoples, governments and development agencies on a subject of vital importance for the approximately 40 million indigenous people of the hemisphere. In addition to the critical issues of poverty reduction, self-development, indigenous rights and secured access to land and natural resources, a common thread throughout this volume is the close interrelationship between sound and sustainable socioeconomic development and the preservation and strengthening of cultural identity. This volume contains the English translation of a selection of essays and presentations made during the International Seminar on Indigenous Development: Poverty, Democracy and Sustainability, organized on the occasion of the First General Assembly of the Fund for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, May 22 and 23, 1995).Democracy, Afro Descendents & Indigenous Peoples, Culture & Arts, Poverty, indigenous peoples, poverty, democracy, sustainability, culture and arts

The oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is involved in myofibril growth and Z-disc assembly in Drosophila

Myofibrils are long intracellular cables specific to muscles, composed mainly of actin and myosin filaments. The actin and myosin filaments are organized into repeated units called sarcomeres, which form the myofibrils. Muscle contraction is achieved by the simultaneous shortening of sarcomeres, which requires all sarcomeres to be the same size. Muscles have a variety of ways to ensure sarcomere homogeneity. We have previously shown that the controlled oligomerization of Zasp proteins sets the diameter of the myofibril. Here, we looked for Zasp-binding proteins at the Z-disc to identify additional proteins coordinating myofibril growth and assembly. We found that the E1 subunit of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex localizes to both the Z-disc and the mitochondria, and is recruited to the Z-disc by Zasp52. The three subunits of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex are required for myofibril formation. Using super-resolution microscopy, we revealed the overall organization of the complex at the Z-disc. Metabolomics identified an amino acid imbalance affecting protein synthesis as a possible cause of myofibril defects, which is supported by OGDH-dependent localization of ribosomes at the Z-disc

CSA06 Computing, Software and Analysis challenge at the Spanish Tier-1 and Tier-2 sites

This note describes the participation of the Spanish centres PIC, CIEMAT and IFCA as Tier-1 and Tier-2 sites in the CMS CSA06 Computing, Software and Analysis challenge. A number of the facilities, services and workflows have been demonstrated at the 2008 25% scale. Very valuable experience has been gained running the complex computing system under realistic conditions at a significant scale. The focus of this note is on presenting achieved results, operational experience and lessons learnt during the challenge

Agave Seeds: Physical and Chemical Characterization and Identification of Storage Proteins

ABSTRAC