Adsorption of ciprofloxacin using composite Film from PVA, agarose and maltodextrin

Rintangan antibiotik ialah salah satu masalah yang paling membimbangkan hari ini. Oleh itu, membran komposit telah digunakan secara meluas untuk penyingkiran antibiotik daripada air. Filem PVA/Agarosa/Maltodekstrin telah disintesis dengan tuangan dengan pelbagai nisbah komponen. Ia dinilai untuk ciri melalui kelembapan, keterlarutan, pengembangan dan keputusan BET. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa filem PVA/Agarosa/Maltodekstrin mempamerkan daya maju terbaik dalam persekitaran akuatik melalui keterlarutan rendah (68.88% ± 0.03), bengkak tinggi (431.77% ± 5.89) dan isi padu liang (0.034969 cm³/g). Kapasiti penjerapan PVA/Agarosa/Maltodekstrin telah diuji untuk beberapa antibiotik seperti Ciprofloksacin, Tetracycline, Oxy-Tetracycline dan Chloramphenicol. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa Ciprofloksacin telah dikeluarkan oleh filem PVA/Agarosa/Maltodekstrin lebih baik daripada antibiotik lain. Penjerapan antibiotik tertinggi diperoleh pada 20 minit, suhu 30 °C, dos 2 g/L, pH 6 dan kepekatan antibiotik 40 mg/L. Penjerapan Ciprofloksacin telah diramalkan melalui model kinetik dan isoterma penjerapan. Keserasian kinetik Pseudo First Order dan isoterma Dubinin-Radushkevich telah menunjukkan bahawa penjerapan berlaku mengikut mekanisme penjerapan fizikal dengan interaksi elektrostatik pada permukaan bahan. Kapasiti penjerapan maksimum direkodkan pada 4.48 mg/g berdasarkan isoterma Dubinin-Radushkevich

SIMULATION AS A TEACHING METHOD FOR NURSING EDUCATION IN HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN ASIAN COUNTRIES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

BACKGROUND: Applying simulation for nursing education, especially in healthcare-associated infection prevention and control (HAI-PC) in developing countries has limited evidence. The study was conducted to explore educators’ perceptions of simulation as a teaching method for nursing education in HAI-PC in two Vietnamese and two Cambodian universities. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative design was applied. A focus group of 37 educators from four universities was conducted for data collection. Inductive and deductive qualitative content analysis was applied in analysing the data. RESULTS: The core category was constructed to reflect educators’ perception of scenario-based simulation (SBS) as a teaching method for nursing education in HAI prevention and control. This main category included three subcategories: (i) enhancing nursing competence; (ii) preparing students for simulation; and [1] promoting simulation pedagogy competence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings identified the importance and benefits of applying simulation as a teaching method in nursing education. Additionally, it emphasized the necessity of enhancing knowledge associated with HAIs and providing additional training on simulation for educators to improve the quality of conducting simulations

EXPERIENCES OF THE NURSING STUDENT IN LEARNING HAI PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN ASIAN COUNTRIES THROUGH THE USE OF SCENARIO-BASED SIMULATION: AN EXPLORATIVE QUALITATIVE STUDY

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have posed a major threat to both patients and to the safety healthcare personnel worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 10% of hospitalized patients are affected by HAIs worldwide. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of nursing students in learning HAIs prevention and control by the application of the scenario-based simulation pedagogy now in use in two Vietnamese and two Cambodian universities. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted among 160 nursing students from 2 Cambodian universities and 2 Vietnamese universities, and by using the purposive-sampling method. The data were collected through a focus group discussion and analyzed by the Graneheim and Lundman method (Graneheim & Lundman, 2004). RESULTS: Two themes and six categories were generated. 1) First theme: factors for enhancing student learning on the prevention and control of HAIs by use of scenario-based simulation; and 2) Second theme: factors hindering students learning on HAI prevention and control by use of scenario-based simulation. CONCLUSION: The findings showed that SBS is an effective learning method for nursing students that can be applied to enhance the quality of nursing education in the Asian countries as SBS not only improves the clinical skills, but also the soft skills of nursing students. However, the effective outcomes and impacts can only be achieved in the context with the appropriate learning materials and equipment, simulation facilities and the instructors with pedagogical skills

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Research methods of refined oil from peel calamondin (

The research on extraction and refining of oil was conducted on the calamondin peels purchased in Thu Duc Market. Them originated from the province of Tien Giang in Viet Nam. The purpose of research evaluation of the quality of refined oil by refining methods such as deposition/filtration, crystallization - suctioning of oil, using Na2SO4 – filtering of oil, Na2SO4 - suctioning of oil, second extraction and combination all the above methods. The results showed that the initial moisture content of the material was 77.37%, and dry matter content was 8.46%. Extraction at optimum conditions is 60 minutes, 1/8 of raw material / solvent ratio (w / v), with fresh ingredients and raw material size is small at 1 ÷ 3.5 mm the highest oil content was obtained. The essential oil obtained contain a high content of Limonene (over 85%), which has been shown to be able to inhibit breast cancer, colorectal cancer, control heartburn and gastric reflux, and support the treatment of gallstones containing cholesterol

Response surface methodology for optimization studies of hydro-distillation of essential oil from pixie mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) peels

Essential oil extraction technique from mandarin pixie peels by hydro-distillation is optimized by respon-se surface methodology (RSM). Mathematical techniques were used in experimental design to evaluate the impacts of factors that affect the extraction process and improve the yield of the extraction process. A central mixed design based on infl uencing variables such as water ratio (3–5 mL/g), temperature (110–130° C) and extraction time (90–150 min) was adopted with essential oil yield as the target func-tion. Correlation analysis of the mathematical regression model showed that the quadratic polynomial model can be used to optimize hydro-distillation of pixie mandarin oil. The results showed that under the optimum extraction conditions, the highest quantity of essential oils was achieved (7.28 mL/100 g materials). In terms of statistical analysis, the signifi cance levels (p-value 0.9). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, revealing the dominance of limonene content (97.667%), which implies that the essential oil of pixie mandarin could be an alternative source of limonene

Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies for Sorption of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions Using ZnO Nanoparticles

In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were fabricated by using the hydrothermal method for adsorption of phosphate from wastewater. The obtained ZnO nanorods were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (BET) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The ZnO materials were applied for adsorption of phosphate from water using batch experiments. The effects of pH (4&ndash;10), adsorption time (30&ndash;240 min), the amount of adsorbent (0.1&ndash;0.7 g/L) and initial concentration of phosphate (147.637&ndash;466.209 mg/L) on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. The optimum condition was found at pH = 5 and at an adsorption time of 150 min. The adsorption was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 769.23 mg/g. These results show that ZnO nanomaterial would highly promising for adsorbing phosphate from water. The adsorption of phosphate on ZnO nanomaterials follows the isothermal adsorption model of Langmuir, Tempkin and Freundlich with single-layer adsorption. There is weak interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. Phosphate adsorption of the ZnO nanomaterials follows Lagergren&rsquo;s apparent second-order kinetic model and was spontaneous and exothermic

Purification and Characterization of High Purity Nano Zirconia by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using D2EHPA/p-Xylenes

In this paper, Zr(IV) nitrate solution decomposed from Viet Nam zircon concentrate was the source of zirconium extraction by liquid-liquid extraction (L.L.E). The FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra confirmed the extraction of Zr(IV) by D2EHPA/p-xylenes. There were four stages for the purification of impurities from the Zr matrix. First, the extraction of elements in 3.0 M HNO3 by 50% D2EHPA/p-xylenes was conducted. Second, two scrubbing cycles of impurities using 6.0 M HNO3, 76.5% of the total amount of Zr(IV) were retained in the organic phase, and 23.5% remained in the aqueous phase. Third, the stripping of a macro amount of zirconium from loaded D2EHPA has been effectively carried out using 1.5 M H2SO4 with a stripping efficiency of 99.6%. Fourth, concentrated ammonia was added to the solution Zr(IV) after stripping extraction to form precipitate for calcination at 550 &deg;C for the final products. The refined products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDS, XRF, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The ZrO2 has high purity, is nanospherical, and has a uniform sphere-like morphology with small grain size of less than 30 nm and a bandgap value of about 3.30 eV

Study of the Ciprofloxacin Adsorption of Activated Carbon Prepared from Mangosteen Peel

In this study, activated carbon derived from mangosteen peel (abbreviated as ACMP) was successfully fabricated. This as-prepared ACMP possessed graphite and had a porous structure with a specific surface area of 419.8554 m2/g. Investigations of the influencing factors on the ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption capability of the ACMP based on the static adsorption method showed that: adsorption equilibrium can be achieved in 60 min, the optimal pH for CIP adsorption was a pH of 6, and the optimal ratio between the material mass and solution volume was 3 g/L. The CIP adsorption process of the ACMP follows the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Elovich, and Redlich&ndash;Peterson isotherm adsorption models. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model for the CIP of the ACMP was (qmax = 29.76 mg/g). The CIP adsorption process of the ACMP followed the apparent quadratic kinetic equation, as well as spontaneous, endothermic, physical, and chemical adsorption. The adsorption rate was governed by membrane diffusion

Study of the Ciprofloxacin Adsorption of Activated Carbon Prepared from Mangosteen Peel

In this study, activated carbon derived from mangosteen peel (abbreviated as ACMP) was successfully fabricated. This as-prepared ACMP possessed graphite and had a porous structure with a specific surface area of 419.8554 m2/g. Investigations of the influencing factors on the ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption capability of the ACMP based on the static adsorption method showed that: adsorption equilibrium can be achieved in 60 min, the optimal pH for CIP adsorption was a pH of 6, and the optimal ratio between the material mass and solution volume was 3 g/L. The CIP adsorption process of the ACMP follows the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Elovich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm adsorption models. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model for the CIP of the ACMP was (qmax = 29.76 mg/g). The CIP adsorption process of the ACMP followed the apparent quadratic kinetic equation, as well as spontaneous, endothermic, physical, and chemical adsorption. The adsorption rate was governed by membrane diffusion