Talus fracture in a 4-year-old child.

Fracture of the talus is uncommon in childhood. We report a case of talar neck fracture that occurred in a 4-year-old girl. We present the radiological findings, the orthopaedic follow-up and the clinical outcome

Clinical and radiological outcome of the Chimaera short nailing system in inter- and subtrochanteric fractures.

cephalomedullary devices are popular treatment for femoral intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures. Various complications include post-surgical lateral thigh pain and cut-out. To prevent those complications, a new concept cephalomedullary device system was designed (Chimaera, Orthofix®). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with femoral intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures treated with the proximal femoral cephalomedullary device system. A prospective cohort study involved consecutive patients with Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/ Orthopaedic Trauma Association type 31-A1, 2, 3 fractures treated with the Chimaera short cephalomedullary device system from October 2016 to September 2017 at our level 1 trauma center. The Parker and Palmer mobility score and Jensen social function scores and post-surgical lateral thigh pain were assessed at 3 months post-operatively and compared to before surgery. Radiologic assessment consisted of controlling the position of the cephalic screw by using the tip-apex distance (TAD) and Cleveland zone as well as union and cut-out rates. We included 99 patients (79 women; 100 hips; one bilateral fracture 3 months after a first trochanteric fracture) with a mean follow-up of 2 years. The Parker and Palmer mobility score decreased by 22% at 3 months post-operatively as compared with the pre-fracture score (42/99 patients showed a return to their pre-injury level). The Jensen social function score increased by 16.5% at 3 months post-operatively as compared with the pre-fracture score (68/99 patients showed a return to their pre-injury level). No major intra-operative complication was recorded. Nine TAD scores were > 25 mm. The mean TAD was 16.5 mm (range 5-36), and the lag screw position was well positioned in most (95%) hips according to Cleveland zones. Three patients required revision surgery (one for cut-out of the lag screw, one for hip osteoarthritis and one for gluteus medius insufficiency). All patients but the one with the cut-out showed fracture union. The Chimaera short cephalomedullary device exhibited good mid-term functional and radiological outcomes

Spatial assessment of pollutant loads for surface water quality management: a case study in Lai Chau city, Vietnam

The aim of this study is to present a method for estimating the pollutant load from different sources in an effort to provide improved information regarding water pollution and help control the surface water pollution, using Lai Chau city as a case study. The pollutant load was calculated in accordance with the Vietnam Environment Administration Decree No.154/2019 on the guidance for calculating the total pollutant load of river water. The pollutant sources include point sources (domestic wastewater, animal husbandry, industrial complexes and economic services) and surface sources (run-off from agricultural land uses) that generate wastes that potentially contaminate water bodies. The source locations were mapped and spatially joined with the drainage-basin map delineated from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to calculate the loads for the sub-basin units. Multivariate analysis then showed that the farming and domestic sources had the strongest positive loading factors for the sub-basins located in the city center and its fringe areas. Of these waste from animal husbandry account for up to 75.1% of total pollutant load. The main conclusion from the study's results is that the management approach should be changed from the total controlling mode, which is currently applied in the city, to a source specific approach based on the pollutant discharge loads and the allocated capacities

Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts

As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).</p

Whole-genome sequencing in diverse subjects identifies genetic correlates of leukocyte traits: The NHLBI TOPMed program

Many common and rare variants associated with hematologic traits have been discovered through imputation on large-scale reference panels. However, the majority of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted in Europeans, and determining causal variants has proved challenging. We performed a GWAS of total leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts generated from 109,563,748 variants in the autosomes and the X chromosome in the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, which included data from 61,802 individuals of diverse ancestry. We discovered and replicated 7 leukocyte trait associations, including (1) the association between a chromosome X, pseudo-autosomal region (PAR), noncoding variant located between cytokine receptor genes (CSF2RA and CLRF2) and lower eosinophil count; and (2) associations between single variants found predominantly among African Americans at the S1PR3 (9q22.1) and HBB (11p15.4) loci and monocyte and lymphocyte counts, respectively. We further provide evidence indicating that the newly discovered eosinophil-lowering chromosome X PAR variant might be associated with reduced susceptibility to common allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. Additionally, we found a burden of very rare FLT3 (13q12.2) variants associated with monocyte counts. Together, these results emphasize the utility of whole-genome sequencing in diverse samples in identifying associations missed by European-ancestry-driven GWASs

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Characterisation of the bacillus subtilis intercompartmental signalling protein, SPOIVB

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN052900 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Последовательность, процедуры, правовые основания для передачи права землепользования в коммуне Фу Ман, Ханой - Вьетнам

Earth is an extremely valuable resource for every nation, it plays a very important role in the survival and development of mankind. However, in many localities, land use is still irrational and unsustainable. One of the main reasons is associated with a limited level of knowledge, as well as a person’s awareness of the importance of the earth. Therefore, in the operation and public administration of the earth, many difficulties and shortcomings arise. In addition, the current pace of industrialization and urbanization, together with the effects of the population explosion, has led to an increase in land use demand for socio-economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage state land management, especially the registration and issuance of certificates for land use rights, ownership of houses and property assigned to landЗемля является чрезвычайно ценным ресурсом для каждой нации, она играет очень важную роль в выживании и развитии человечества. Однако во многих населенных пунктах землепользование все еще нерационально и неустойчиво. Одна из основных причин связана с ограниченным уровнем знаний, а также осознанием человеком важности земли. Поэтому при эксплуатации и государственном управлении на земле возникает много трудностей и недостатков. Кроме того, нынешние темпы индустриализации и урбанизации вместе с последствиями демографического взрыва привели к увеличению спроса на землепользование для социально-экономического развития. Поэтому необходимо поощрять государственное управление земельными ресурсами, особенно регистрацию и выдачу свидетельств на право землепользования, владение домами и имуществом, закрепленным за земле