Book Review: Understanding the Misunderstandings in Pilot-Controller Dialogue

Misunderstandings in any environment can be detrimental, if not counterproductive, to the intentions, expectations, or objective(s) of any communication, but in complex airspace congested by heavy traffic, pilot-controller transmissions, and various meteorological phenomena, they can be catastrophic. Barshi and Farris combine 45 years of aviation experience, 20 years of related research, and advanced education with sound methodology to deliver a well-balanced combination of theoretical and practical work to the fields of aviation, human factors, and psychology. Though Misunderstandings in ATC Communications, the authors guide readers through a series of experiments, literature, and transcribed air traffic control recordings to explore how linguistics and cognition impact communication in aviation. This review does not reflect the views of IJAAA or ERAU. This work was not peer reviewed

Leadership Development: A Senior Leader Case Study

Brig Gen Thomas Sharpy, former director of the Air Force General Officer Management Office, identified the need for an internal assessment of the US Air Force’s leadership development process, also known as the developmental team (DT), to determine its effectiveness in creating excellent leaders to meet current and future needs. DTs are part of the Air Force’s overarching force-development program, a requirement-driven initiative to train and educate the service’s active duty, reserve, and civilian personnel through a purposeful, career-long process of personal and professional development

Sharing Stories and Learning to Lead: A Relational Mentoring Process Through Self-Portraiture

The creation of a relational, co-mentoring community for aspiring school leaders during their certification program may allow these future leaders to participate in a peer mentoring process wherein they engage one another in interdependence, experience reciprocal growth-fostering interactions, and tackle issues related to systemic power. The relational mentoring process creates a network of colleagues who understand the nature of the work of a principal candidate and who provide support and promote trust, knowing what they reveal will be held in confidence. This study focuses on two questions: How does the process of self-portraiture help principal candidates reflect on the kind of leader they want to become? How do principal candidates mentor one another through the selfportraiture process? The self-portrait is a form of auto-ethnography that the principal candidates write and share with one another as a part of the certification coursework

Collaborative Conversations Between Teacher and School Leader Candidates: A Co-Mentoring Network Develops

A co-mentoring network developed as teacher and school leader candidates met together during their preparation programs to discuss culturally sustaining, socially just pedagogy. The discussions were structured to be collaborative and conversational using shared anchor readings. This study reports the processes and practices used in establishing the co-mentoring network, themes that emerged from the candidates’ collaborative conversations, and how the candidates developed the co-mentoring network. The co-mentoring network used a relational mentoring stance (Fletcher & Ragins, 2007), exploring the three tenets of relational cultural theory: interdependent self-in-relation, growth-fostering interactions, and systemic power, which can affect mentoring relationships. Network participants sought to establish communication styles and trust which encouraged participants to share vulnerabilities with each other (Zachary & Fischler, 2014) while seeking to learn from each other’s experiences through discussion and reflection. It was through these discussions and the candidates’ reflections on their conversations that a co-mentoring network began to develop

Urban Evolution: The Role of Water

The structure, function, and services of urban ecosystems evolve over time scales from seconds to centuries as Earth’s population grows, infrastructure ages, and sociopolitical values alter them. In order to systematically study changes over time, the concept of “urban evolution” was proposed. It allows urban planning, management, and restoration to move beyond reactive management to predictive management based on past observations of consistent patterns. Here, we define and review a glossary of core concepts for studying urban evolution, which includes the mechanisms of urban selective pressure and urban adaptation. Urban selective pressure is an environmental or societal driver contributing to urban adaptation. Urban adaptation is thesequential process by which an urban structure, function, or services becomes more fitted to its changing environment or human choices. The role of water is vital to driving urban evolution as demonstrated by historical changes in drainage, sewage flows, hydrologic pulses, and long-term chemistry. In the current paper, we show how hydrologic traits evolve across successive generations of urban ecosystems via shifts in selective pressures and adaptations over time. We explore multiple empirical examples including evolving: (1) urban drainage from stream burial to stormwater management; (2) sewage flows and water quality in response to wastewater treatment; (3) amplification of hydrologic pulses due to the interaction between urbanization and climate variability; and (4) salinization and alkalinization of fresh water due to human inputs and accelerated weathering. Finally, we propose a new conceptual model for the evolution of urban waters from the Industrial Revolution to the present day based on empirical trends and historical information. Ultimately, we propose that water itself is a critical driver of urban evolution that forces urban adaptation, which transforms the structure, function, and services of urban landscapes, waterways, and civilizations over time

LAPAS: A SiGe Front End Prototype for the Upgraded ATLAS LAr Calorimeter

We have designed and fabricated a very low noise preamplifier and shaper to replace the existing ATLAS Liquid Argon readout for use at the Large Hadron Collider upgrade (sLHC). IBM’s 8WL 130nm SiGe process was chosen for it’s radiation tolerance, low noise bipolar NPN devices, wide voltage rand and potential use in other sLHC detector subsystems. Although the requirements for the final design can not be set at this time, the prototype was designed to accommodate a 16 bit dynamic range. This was accomplished by using a single stage, low noise, wide dynamic range preamp followed by a dual range shaper. The low noise of the preamp is made possible by the low base spreading resistance of the Silicon Germanium NPN bipolar transistors. The relatively high voltage rating of the NPN transistors is exploited to allow a gain of 650V/A in the preamplifier which eases the input voltage noise requirement on the shaper. Each shaper stage is designed as a cascaded differential operational amplifier doublet with a common mode operating point regulated by an internal feedback loop. Measurement of the fabricated circuits indicates their performance is consistent with the desig

Endogenous retinoids in rat epididymal tissue and rat and human spermatozoa

Recent work has demonstrated high levels of retinoid binding proteins in rat epididymis, and a lumenal retinoic acid binding protein has been purified. These findings suggested that vitamin A may be involved in spermatozoal maturation in the epididymis. We further addressed this question by quantifying retinol, retinyl esters, and retinoic acid isomers from perfused epididymal tissue, from rat testicular and epididymal spermatozoa, and from human ejaculate sperm. HPLC showed vitamin A levels to be higher in caput than in corpus or cauda tissue. Retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid were found to be graded from lowest levels in caput to highest in cauda. Spermatozoa from caput epididymidis and enriched testicular spermatozoa were found to have higher levels of vitamin A than did spermatozoa from corpus or cauda epididymidis. Spermatozoal retinyl esters had acyl substituents similar to those seen in whole epididymis, and diminished in quantity in sperm from distal segments. Human ejaculate sperm were found to retain high levels of retinyl palmitate and stearate. Retinol and retinoic acid were only marginally detectable in human sperm. Retention of retinoids in mature spermatozoa suggests roles for vitamin A in spermatozoal reproductive physiology beyond the epididymal stage

Aviation Managers’ Perspective on the Importance of Education

The U.S. Department of Labor reported that working adults with at least a four-year college degree earned an annual average salary of $63,400 compared to the$24,300 salary of high school graduates with no college. The purpose of this quantitative non-experimental study was to survey managers in the U.S. aviation industry to describe their perspective on how education has impacted them. Following a robust review of the literature, we analyzed the responses from 103 managers’ and discovered that there is a significant association between degree importance and level of education among aviation managers that has application to professional practice. The resulting recommendations including the need for aspiring aviation managers to obtain degrees and the top three most preferred degrees for new hires to obtain. We also provide several recommended areas of future study for aviation, management, or education scholars to explore

Can We Communicate Ultimate Reality?

This paper examines the function of communication, philosophy, and religion and moreover, their necessity to the awareness of being