アメリカにおけるニューエコノミー論の再考察

広島経済大学経済学会 2009年度 第4回研究集会[2009年11月12日（木）]報告要

The strategic economic governance of Greater Manchester's local labour market by the local state: implications for young workers

This article explores how work and employment conditions for young workers are affected by the actions of the state at the spatial scale of the locality. The article argues that young workers have experienced deteriorating labour market conditions following shifts in the form which capitalist accumulation takes in the UK. This shift has altered the composition of the national state which has in turn led to changes in how it regulates both local labour markets and the economic strategies of the local state. One result of these changes is the diffusion of neoliberal labour market reforms which have led to negative material consequences for young workers; these are manifest in the expansion of low-waged work concentrated in a small number of sectors, and characterized by an intensified labour process

Regionalização de Vazões Médias de Longo Período e de Volumes de Reservatórios de Regularização

No presente trabalho foi utilizada regionalização para estimativa de vazões médias de longo período e de volumes de reservatórios de regularização em bacias hidrográficas. Para a regionalização de vazões médias de longo período foram analisadas três metodologias: Eletrobrás (1985a), interpolação linear e Chaves et al. (2002). A obtenção das características físicas e climáticas utilizadas na regionalização foi feita através de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG). As características físicas, extraídas a partir de Modelo Digital de Elevação Hidrologicamente Consistente (MDEHC), foram: área de drenagem, comprimento do rio principal, declividade média da bacia, declividade entre a nascente e a foz do rio principal e densidade de drenagem. A precipitação média anual foi escolhida para representar as características climáticas da região de estudo. Na regionalização, pelo método de Eletrobrás (1985a), foi realizada seleção inicial de grupos de estações que apresentaram boas perspectivas de formarem sub-regiões homogêneas, pela análise de classes de resíduos da equação de regressão inicial e de curvas de frequência individuais de vazões adimensionalizadas. Os modelos de regressão analisados mais detalhadamente foram escolhidos a partir de diferentes parâmetros estatísticos. Pela metodologia Eletrobrás (1985a) foram obtidas as melhores estimativas. A variável explicativa mais expressiva nas equações de regressão foi a área de drenagem. Equações apresentando combinações da área com precipitação, declividade média da bacia e declividade entre a nascente e a foz também corresponderam aos melhores ajustes observados. Para a aplicação dos métodos de interpolação linear e Chaves et al. (2002), foram utilizados registros de estações próximas, localizadas em uma mesma bacia. Interpolação e Chaves et al. (2002) apresentaram erros mais significativos nas situações em que as diferenças entre áreas de drenagem, das seções transversais das estações fluviométricas e das seções para as quais estavam sendo feitas estimativas, eram relativamente grandes. Quanto à regionalização de curvas de regularização, foram definidas curvas adimensionais regionais médias, considerando vazões de regularização correspondentes a diferentes percentagens da vazão média. As curvas foram selecionadas por meio da análise de coeficiente de determinação e de erros percentuais. Grande parte dos modelos de curva de regularização obtidos apresentaram erros significativos para as menores regularizações da vazão média

Assembling the Healthopolis: Competitive city‐regionalism and policy boosterism pushing Greater Manchester further, faster

Health and care policy is increasingly promoted within visions of the competitive city‐region. This paper examines the importance of policy boosterism within the political construction of city‐regions in the context of English devolution. Based on a two‐year case study of health and social care devolution in Greater Manchester, England, we trace the relational and territorial geographies of policy across and through new “devolved” city‐regional arrangements. Contributing to geographical debates on policy assemblages and city‐regionalism, we advance a conceptual framework linking crisis and opportunity, emulation and exceptionalism, and evidence and experimentation. The paper makes two key contributions. First, we argue health and care policy is increasingly drawn towards the logic of global competitiveness without being wholly defined by neoliberal political agendas. Fostering transnational policy networks helped embed global “best practice” policies while simultaneously hailing Greater Manchester as a place beyond compare. Second, we caution against positioning the city‐region solely at the receiving end of devolutionary austerity. Rather, we illustrate how the urgency of devolution was conditioned by crisis, yet concomitantly framed as a unique opportunity by the local state harnessing policy to negotiate a more fluid politics of scale. In doing so, the paper demonstrates how attempts to resolve the “local problem” of governing health and care under austerity were rearticulated as a “global opportunity” to forge new connections between place, health, and economy. Consequently, we foreground the multiple tensions and contradictions accumulating through turning to health and care to push Greater Manchester further, faster. The paper concludes by asking what the present crisis might mean for city‐regions in good health and turbulent times

Economic growth and development with low-carbon energy

Energy is needed for economic growth, and access to cheap, reliable energy is an essential development objective. Historically most incremental energy demand has been met through fossil fuels; however, in future that energy will have to be low carbon and ultimately zero‐carbon. Decarbonization can and needs to happen at varying speeds in all countries, depending on national circumstances. This article reviews the implications of a transition to low‐carbon energy on economic growth and development in current low‐income countries. It sets out empirical findings about trajectories for energy intensity and emissions intensity of economic growth; explores pathways to accelerate decarbonization; reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on economic costs and co‐benefits of energy decarbonization; and assesses analytical approaches. It discusses the opportunities that might arise in terms of a cleaner, more dynamic and more sustainable growth model, and the options for developing countries to implement a less‐carbon intensive model of economic developmen

Policy making under uncertainty in electric vehicle demand

The introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) into the passenger vehicle market has, in recent years, become viewed as a primary solution to the significant carbon dioxide emissions attributed to personal mobility. Moreover, EVs offer a means by which energy diversification and efficiency can be improved compared to the current system. The UK government and European Commission have played an active role in steering the development and market introduction of EVs. However, a great deal of uncertainty remains regarding the effectiveness of these policies and the viability of EV technology in the mainstream automotive market. This paper investigates the prevalence of uncertainty concerning the demand for EVs. This is achieved through the application of a conceptual framework that assesses the locations of uncertainty. UK and EU documents are assessed through a review of the published policy alongside contributions from academia to determine how uncertainty has been reduced. This assessment offers insights to decision makers in this area by evaluating the work done to date through a landscape analysis. Results have identified six different locations of uncertainty covering: consumer, policy, infrastructure, technical, economic and social issues