1,219 research outputs found
Constraining the CDM and Galileon models with recent cosmological data
The Galileon theory belongs to the class of modified gravity models that can
explain the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe. In previous works,
cosmological constraints on the Galileon model were derived, both in the
uncoupled case and with a disformal coupling of the Galileon field to matter.
There, we showed that these models agree with the most recent cosmological
data. In this work, we used updated cosmological data sets to derive new
constraints on Galileon models, including the case of a constant conformal
Galileon coupling to matter. We also explored the tracker solution of the
uncoupled Galileon model. After updating our data sets, especially with the
latest \textit{Planck} data and BAO measurements, we fitted the cosmological
parameters of the CDM and Galileon models. The same analysis framework
as in our previous papers was used to derive cosmological constraints, using
precise measurements of cosmological distances and of the cosmic structure
growth rate. We showed that all tested Galileon models are as compatible with
cosmological data as the CDM model. This means that present
cosmological data are not accurate enough to distinguish clearly between both
theories. Among the different Galileon models, we found that a conformal
coupling is not favoured, contrary to the disformal coupling which is preferred
at the level over the uncoupled case. The tracker solution of the
uncoupled Galileon model is also highly disfavoured due to large tensions with
supernovae and \textit{Planck}+BAO data. However, outside of the tracker
solution, the general uncoupled Galileon model, as well as the general
disformally coupled Galileon model, remain the most promising Galileon
scenarios to confront with future cosmological data. Finally, we also discuss
constraints coming from Lunar Laser Ranging experiment and gravitational wave
speed of propagation.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, published version in A&
First experimental constraints on the disformally coupled Galileon model
The Galileon model is a modified gravity model that can explain the late-time
accelerated expansion of the Universe. In a previous work, we derived
experimental constraints on the Galileon model with no explicit coupling to
matter and showed that this model agrees with the most recent cosmological
data. In the context of braneworld constructions or massive gravity, the
Galileon model exhibits a disformal coupling to matter, which we study in this
paper. After comparing our constraints on the uncoupled model with recent
studies, we extend the analysis framework to the disformally coupled Galileon
model and derive the first experimental constraints on that coupling, using
precise measurements of cosmological distances and the growth rate of cosmic
structures. In the uncoupled case, with updated data, we still observe a low
tension between the constraints set by growth data and those from distances. In
the disformally coupled Galileon model, we obtain better agreement with data
and favour a non-zero disformal coupling to matter at the level.
This gives an interesting hint of the possible braneworld origin of Galileon
theory.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, updated versio
Improved planning abilities in binge eating.
OBJECTIVE: The role of planning in binge eating episodes is unknown. We investigated the characteristics of planning associated with food cues in binging patients. We studied planning based on backward reasoning, reasoning that determines a sequence of actions back to front from the final outcome. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 20 healthy participants, 20 bulimia nervosa (BN), 22 restrictive (ANR) and 23 binging anorexia nervosa (ANB), without any concomitant impulsive disorder. In neutral/relaxing, binge food and stressful conditions, backward reasoning was assessed with the Race game, promotion of delayed large rewards with an intertemporal discounting task, attention with the Simon task, and repeating a dominant behavior with the Go/No-go task. RESULTS: BN and to a lower extent ANB patients succeeded more at the Race game in food than in neutral condition. This difference discriminated binging from non-binging participants. Backward reasoning in the food condition was associated with lower approach behavior toward food in BN patients, and higher food avoidance in ANB patients. Enhanced backward reasoning in the food condition related to preferences for delayed large rewards in BN patients. In BN and ANB patients the enhanced success rate at the Race game in the food condition was associated with higher attention paid to binge food. CONCLUSION: These findings introduce a novel process underlying binges: planning based on backward reasoning is associated with binges. It likely aims to reduce craving for binge foods and extend binge refractory period in BN patients, and avoid binging in ANB patients. Shifts between these goals might explain shifts between eating disorder subtypes
Variational solution of the Gross-Neveu model; 2, finite-N and renormalization
We show how to perform systematically improvable variational calculations in the O(2N) Gross-Neveu model for generic N, in such a way that all infinities usually plaguing such calculations are accounted for in a way compatible with the renormalization group. The final point is a general framework for the calculation of non-perturbative quantities like condensates, masses, etc..., in an asymptotically free field theory. For the Gross-Neveu model, the numerical results obtained from a "two-loop" variational calculation are in very good agreement with exact quantities down to low values of N
Survival of near-critical branching Brownian motion
Consider a system of particles performing branching Brownian motion with
negative drift and killed upon hitting zero.
Initially there is one particle at . Kesten showed that the process
survives with positive probability if and only if . Here we are
interested in the asymptotics as \eps\to 0 of the survival probability
. It is proved that if then for all , exists and is a
travelling wave solution of the Fisher-KPP equation. Furthermore, we obtain
sharp asymptotics of the survival probability when and .
The proofs rely on probabilistic methods developed by the authors in a previous
work. This completes earlier work by Harris, Harris and Kyprianou and confirms
predictions made by Derrida and Simon, which were obtained using nonrigorous
PDE methods
The Possibility of Reconciling Quantum Mechanics with Classical Probability Theory
We describe a scheme for constructing quantum mechanics in which a quantum
system is considered as a collection of open classical subsystems. This allows
using the formal classical logic and classical probability theory in quantum
mechanics. Our approach nevertheless allows completely reproducing the standard
mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and identifying its applicability
limits. We especially attend to the quantum state reduction problem.Comment: Latex, 14 pages, 1 figur
Discrete-time classical and quantum Markovian evolutions: Maximum entropy problems on path space
The theory of Schroedinger bridges for diffusion processes is extended to
classical and quantum discrete-time Markovian evolutions. The solution of the
path space maximum entropy problems is obtained from the a priori model in both
cases via a suitable multiplicative functional transformation. In the quantum
case, nonequilibrium time reversal of quantum channels is discussed and
space-time harmonic processes are introduced.Comment: 34 page
WASP-157b, a Transiting Hot Jupiter Observed with K2
We announce the discovery of the transiting hot Jupiter WASP-157b in a 3.95-d
orbit around a V = 12.9 G2 main-sequence star. This moderately inflated planet
has a Saturn-like density with a mass of M and a
radius of R. We do not detect any rotational or
phase-curve modulations, nor the secondary eclipse, with conservative
semi-amplitude upper limits of 250 and 20 ppm, respectively.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures and 4 tables. Accepted for publication in PAS
Exact asymptotics of the freezing transition of a logarithmically correlated random energy model
We consider a logarithmically correlated random energy model, namely a model
for directed polymers on a Cayley tree, which was introduced by Derrida and
Spohn. We prove asymptotic properties of a generating function of the partition
function of the model by studying a discrete time analogy of the KPP-equation -
thus translating Bramson's work on the KPP-equation into a discrete time case.
We also discuss connections to extreme value statistics of a branching random
walk and a rescaled multiplicative cascade measure beyond the critical point
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