MODELLING OF HYDRODYNAMICS AROUND AN IMPERMEABLE BREAKWATER: COMPARISON BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND SPH NUMERICAL MODELING

This work presents the new developments and the validation of a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical model used in the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil - LNEC) for studies in coastal engineering processes. Although the model requires a high CPU time, it proved to be very promising in the simulation of complex flows, such as the wave-structure interaction and the wave breaking phenomenon. For the SPH model validation, physical modeling tests were performed in one LNEC’s flume to study the interaction between an impermeable structure and an incident regular wave. The comparison between numerical and experimental results, i.e. free surface elevation, overtopping volume and pressure, shows the good accuracy of the SPH model to reproduce the various phenomena involving on the wave propagation and interaction with the structure, namely the wave breaking, the wave overtopping and the pressure field on the structure

Deposição de serapilheira e de nutrientes de duas espécies da Amazônia.

A capacidade da Floresta Amazônica em desenvolver-se sobre solos com baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes e com grande produção de biomassa deve-se à eficiente deposição e rápida liberação dos elementos minerais mediante a decomposição da serapilheira e reabsorção através de raízes superficiais. Considerando a necessidade de obter-se conhecimentos sobre a ciclagem de nutrientes de espécies da Amazônia, plantadas em ecossistema de terra firme, no presente trabalho, avaliou-se, entre as idades de 43 e 55 meses, a deposição de serapilheira, a concentração, o conteúdo e as variações mensais de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S de Ceiba pentandra e de Virola surinamensis, plantadas em solo classificado como Latossolo Amarelo. Para tanto, coletores de 2,40 m de largura por 3,00 m de comprimento foram instalados no centro de cada parcela das espécies estudadas. Os resultados permitiram as seguintes conclusões: 1) No período de 12 meses, Ceiba pentandra depositou o dobro de serapilheira quando comparada à Virola surinamensis. 2) A concentração e o conteúdo de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S foram maiores na serapilheira de Ceiba do que na de Virola. 3) As maiores deposições deste nutrientes na serapilheira dessas espécies ocorreram na estação seca, com exceção de Ca na serapilheira de Virola, o qual ocorreu na estação chuvosa

Distribuição de raízes e acúmulo de macronutrientes e AL+++ em espécies florestais plantadas em latossolo amarelo da Amazônia Brasileira.

A formação e distribuição de raízes bem como o conteúdo de macronutrientes e AI foram estudadas em Ceiba pentandra e ViroIa surinamensis. As raízes foram separadas em raízes finas « 2 mm); casca e madeira das raízes grossas (> 2 mm) e casca e madeira da raiz pivotante. C. pentandra produziu 11,82 kg de biomassa seca de raízes, enquanto V. s'urinamensis 2,53 kg. Em C. pentandra estas distribuíram-se na seguinte ordem decrescente: madeira da raiz pivotante (6,66 kg); casca da raiz pivotante (2,98 kg); madeira da raiz grossa (1,49 kg); casca da raiz grossa (0,63 kg) e raiz fina (0,06 kq). enquanto em V. surinamensis a distribuição foi: madeira da raiz grossa (1,00 kg); madeira da raiz pivotante (0,82 kg); casca da raiz grossa (0,29 kg); raiz fina (0,25 kg) e casca da raiz pivotante (0,17 kg). Quanto aos elementos minerais, em C. pentandra os maiores acúmulos foram para: N nas raízes finas; K na casca e madeira das raízes grossas; Ca na casca e K na madeira da raiz pivotante. Em V. surinamensis estes foram promovidos por K nas raízes finas; AI na casca e K na madeira das raízes grossas; AI na casca e N na madeira da raiz pivotante.bitstream/item/119093/1/digitalizar0021.pd

Ancient Amazonian populations left lasting impacts on forest structure

Amazonia contains a vast expanse of contiguous tropical forest and is influential in global carbon and hydrological cycles. Whether ancient Amazonia was highly disturbed or modestly impacted, and how ancient disturbances have shaped current forest ecosystem processes, is still under debate. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs), which are anthropic soil types with enriched nutrient levels, are one of the primary lines of evidence for ancient human presence and landscape modifications in settings that mostly lack stone structures and which are today covered by vegetation. We assessed the potential of using moderate spatial resolution optical satellite imagery to predict ADEs across the Amazon Basin. Maximum entropy modeling was used to develop a predictive model using locations of ADEs across the basin and satellite‐derived remotely sensed indices. Amazonian Dark Earth sites were predicted to be primarily along the main rivers and in eastern Amazonia. Amazonian Dark Earth sites, when compared with randomly selected forested sites located within 50 km of ADE sites, were less green canopies (lower normalized difference vegetation index) and had lower canopy water content. This difference was accentuated in two drought years, 2005 and 2010. This is contrary to our expectation that ADE sites would have nutrient‐rich soils that support trees with greener canopies and forests on ADE soils being more resilient to drought. Biomass and tree height were lower on ADE sites in comparison with randomly selected adjacent sites. Our results suggested that ADE‐related ancient human impact on the forest is measurable across the entirety of the 6 million km2 of Amazon Basin using remotely sensed data

Biomassa e conteúdo de elementos minerais nos compartimentos arbóreos de Ceiba pentandra (L.) GAERTN.

A quantificacao da biomassa e o conteudo de macronutrientes e Al foram estudados em Ceiba pentandra. Para tanto, foram selecionadas oito arvores da especie. Qautro delas foram amostradas aos 43 e quatro aos 55 meses de idade, apos o plantio. As mesmas foram separadas nos seguintes compartimentos: tronco; casca; folhas; peciolo e galhos. A biomassa seca total produzida por Ceiba foi de 82,03 t.ha aos 43 meses e 166,65 t.ha aos 55 meses. Nas mencionadas idades, essa biomassa distribuiu-se entre os compartimentos estudados na seguinte ordem decrescente (t.ha): tronco (45,31; 98,52); casca (15.19; 30,52); galhos (14,61; 28,71); folhas + peciolo (6,92; 8,90). Nas diferentes partes da especie estudada, os maiores acumulos registrados foram para: K no tronco; Ca na casca; N nas folhas + peciolo e Ca e N nos galhos aos 43 e 55 meses de idade, respectivamente

Analytical results for a Bessel function times Legendre polynomials class integrals

When treating problems of vector diffraction in electromagnetic theory, the evaluation of the integral involving Bessel and associated Legendre functions is necessary. Here we present the analytical result for this integral that will make unnecessary numerical quadrature techniques or localized approximations. The solution is presented using the properties of the Bessel and associated Legendre functions.Comment: 4 page

NIR spectroscopy of the Sun and HD20010 - Compiling a new linelist in the NIR

Context: Effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity are basic spectroscopic stellar parameters necessary to characterize a star or a planetary system. Reliable atmospheric parameters for FGK stars have been obtained mostly from methods that relay on high resolution and high signal-to-noise optical spectroscopy. The advent of a new generation of high resolution near-IR spectrographs opens the possibility of using classic spectroscopic methods with high resolution and high signal-to-noise in the NIR spectral window. Aims: We aim to compile a new iron line list in the NIR from a solar spectrum to derive precise stellar atmospheric parameters, comparable to the ones already obtained from high resolution optical spectra. The spectral range covers 10 000 {\AA} to 25 000 {\AA}, which is equivalent to the Y, J, H, and K bands. Methods: Our spectroscopic analysis is based on the iron excitation and ionization balance done in LTE. We use a high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectrum of the Sun from the Kitt Peak telescope as a starting point to compile the iron line list. The oscillator strengths (log gf) of the iron lines were calibrated for the Sun. The abundance analysis was done using the MOOG code after measuring equivalent widths of 357 solar iron lines. Results: We successfully derived stellar atmospheric parameters for the Sun. Furthermore, we analysed HD20010, a F8IV star, from which we derived stellar atmospheric parameters using the same line list as for the Sun. The spectrum was obtained from the CRIRES- POP database. The results are compatible with the ones found in the literature, confirming the reliability of our line list. However, due to the quality of the data we obtain large errors.Comment: 9 pages and 9 figure

Body composition evaluated by skinfolds, bioimpedance and body mass index in adults

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la composición corporal por pliegues cutáneos (DC) por bioimpedancia eléctrica(BIA) y el índice de masa corporal(IMC). Se hizo un trabajo de campo con 153 militares usando los siguientes equipos: balanza Wiso; estadiómetro WCS; adipómetro Cescorf científico y Malton BF-900 para bioimpedancia eléctrica. La densidad corporal se consiguió por la ecuación de Jackson&Pollock y la clasificación delporcentaje de grasa corporal siguiendo Pollock&Wilmore. Para verificar la correlación se usó el test de Spearman. Los resultados promedios (± desviación estándar) hallados para edad, peso, estatura e IMC, fueron: 19 años (±1,8 años), 70,9Kg (±9,55), 1,74 metros (±0.06) y 23,9 kg/m² (±2,76) respectivamente. El porcentaje de grasa corporal por DC y BIA fueron respectivamente 12,78 (±5,45); 16,29 (±4,02). Concluí que la composición corporal por el método de DC, BIA e IMC presentó datos que se correlacionan, siendo que el uso de la bioimpedancia fue más indicada en grupos cuyo porcentaje de grasa corporal variaba entre 18-20%.The aim of this study was to compare body composition by skinfold thickness (DC) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and body mass index (BMI). Research was carried out with 153 soldiers with the equipment: balance Wiso; WCS stadiometer; adipometer Cescorf Malton scientific and BF-900 to bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body density was obtained by the equation of Jackson&Pollock and classification of the percentage of fat by following Pollock&Wilmore. To check the correlation was used Spearman's test. The average results (±standard deviation) found for age, weight, height and BMI were: 19 years (±1.8years), 70.9 kg (±9.55), 1.74 meters (±0.06) and 23.9 kg/m² (±2.76), respectively. The fat percentage by BIA and DC were respectively 12.78 (±5.45) and 16.29 (±4.02). Concluded that body composition by the method of DC, BIA and BMI have data that correlate, and the use of bioimpedance was indicated in most groups whose fat percentage ranged around 18-20%.Gracias CAPES para la inversión financiera en forma de beca en el Programa de Posgrado en Ingeniería Eléctrica e Informática Industrial (CPGEI) de la Universidad Tecnológica Federal de Paraná (UTFPR)

The variability behavior of CoRoT M-giant Stars

For 6 years the Convection, Rotation, and Planetary Transits (CoRoT) space mission has acquired photometric data from more than one hundred thousand point sources towards and directly opposite from the inner and outer regions of the Galaxy. The high temporal resolution of the CoRoT data combined with the wide time span of the observations has enabled the study of short and long time variations in unprecedented detail. From the initial sample of 2534 stars classified as M-giants in the CoRoT databasis, we selected 1428 targets that exhibit well defined variability, using visual inspection. The variability period and amplitude of C1 stars (stars having Teff < 4200 K) were computed using Lomb-Scargle and harmonic fit methods. The trends found in the V-I vs J-K color-color diagram are in agreement with standard empirical calibrations for M-giants. The sources located towards the inner regions of the Galaxy are distributed throughout the diagram while the majority of the stars towards the outer regions of the Galaxy are spread between the calibrations of M-giants and the predicted position for Carbon stars. The stars classified as supergiants follow a different sequence from the one found for giant stars. We also performed a KS test of the period and amplitude of stars towards the inner and outer regions of the Galaxy. We obtained a low probability that the two samples come from the same parent distribution. The observed behavior of the period-amplitude and period-Teff diagrams are, in general, in agreement with those found for Kepler sources and ground based photometry, with pulsation being the dominant cause responsible for the observed modulation. We also conclude that short-time variations on M-Giant stars do not exist orare very rare and the few cases we found are possibly related to biases or background stars.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Caracterização nutricional do nim em plantios no Brasil.

No Brasil são incipientes os estudos sobre os aspectos nutricionais do cultivo do nim. Propôs-se, neste trabalho, determinar os teores foliares de macronutrientes em plantios de nim estabelecidos em oito Estados do Brasil e correlacioná-los com os nutrientes disponíveis na camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade dos solos sob os plantios amostrados. De cada plantio foram coletadas folhas de nove árvores das partes média/superior e média/inferior da copa, as quais foram misturadas, formando duas amostras compostas denominadas folhas da copa média/superior (FCMS) e folhas da copa média/inferior (FCMI). Para análise de variância dos teores foliares de nutrientes utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com decomposição total dos graus de liberdade visando ao efeito local de plantio, idade de plantio e posição na copa, sendo a comparação de médias realizada pelo Teste de Duncan (p ? 0,05). A amostragem foliar nas árvores de nim depende, quando feita na posição mediana subdividida em FCMS e FCMI, entre outros fatores, da mobilidade do nutriente e da condição de luminosidade do plantio. Os teores foliares de Ca apresentam indícios de ser o nim uma espécie calcícola. O nim é eficiente na absorção de N, P e Ca. O K do solo apresenta correlação positiva com o K das FCMI