Visceral leishmaniasis treatment: What do we have, what do we need and how to deliver it?

AbstractLeishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical disease in terms of drug discovery and development. Most antileishmanial drugs are highly toxic, present resistance issues or require hospitalization, being therefore not adequate to the field. Recently improvements have been achieved by combination therapy, reducing the time and cost of treatment. Nonetheless, new drugs are still urgently needed.In this review, we describe the current visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatments and their limitations. We also discuss the new strategies in the drug discovery field including the development and implementation of high-throughput screening (HTS) assays and the joint efforts of international teams to deliver clinical candidates

Direito à saúde

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 342.7:614(81) S388

Surgery of frontal sinus fractures. Epidemiologic study and evaluation of techniques

SummaryThe frontal sinus trauma is not rare and it is 8% of the facial fractures. It can affect the anterior and/or posterior plates, with or without hitting the nasofrontal duct. It has a large potential of complications and its management still being a controversy. Objective: To present the casuistic of fractures frontal sinus, the epidemiology and clinical and surgical management of frontal sinus fractures. Materials and Methods: Not randomized retrospective study of 24 patients with frontal sinus fractures Hospital of Clinics, School of Medicine Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Results: From the 24 patients, we had 16 (66,6%) fractures of the extern plate and 8 (33,4%) of both. In 2 patients the nasofrontal duct was involved. Others facial fractures were associated in 20 (83,4%) cases and major lesions of the cerebral segment were found in 13 (54,2%). Subpalpebral incision was performed in the majority with satisfactory aesthetic results. The basis of the surgical treatment was reduction and fixation with different materials (steel wire, mononylon, titanium miniplates) and if necessary we used alogen implants or parietal bone to reconstruct the anterior plate. Conclusion: The principal cause of frontal sinus fractures is crashed car. The management depends of the complexity, because commonly there are cranioencephalic lesions associated. The surgical thecniques used are the incisions, bicoronal flap or browglabella, infra-orbital rim (“butterfly”), associated a endoscopy sinus surgery in cases of infection, cerobrospinal fluid leak and orbital complications

Esquizofrenia refratária: um problema clínico negligenciado

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Schizophrenia ProgramUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Program for the Attention of Victims of Violence and StressUNIFESP, Schizophrenia ProgramUNIFESP, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical NeurosciencesUNIFESP, Program for the Attention of Victims of Violence and StressSciEL

Hyperactivity and attention deficit syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: is there improvement with surgical management?

SummaryNeuropsychological disorders are frequently associated with obstructive ventilatory disorders (OVD).AimTo analyze the incidence of neuropsychological disorders in Brazilian children with OVD, using a screening questionnaire and to compare the answers given before and after surgery.Patients and MethodsWe studied 30 children with clinical diagnosis of OVD. The children were divided into 3 groups: group I, children aged 4 to 7; group II, from 8 to 10; and group III, children over 11. The applied questionnaires were answered by the parents or tutors, and comprised 30 questions, 10 for each disorder: attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The children were diagnosed with one of the disorders when presented 3 or more positive answers. The follow up interview occurred 6 months after adenotonsillectomy.ResultsThere was a predominance of male gender (60.6%) over female gender (39.4%). Group II presented the highest number of significant changes, with reductions raging from 87.5% to 33.3% of patients with attention deficit, 75% to 50% of the hyperactive patients, and 50% to 33% of the impulsive patients.ConclusionThere was neuropsychological improvement after the surgery, which occurred mainly in the children from group II. More interaction among health professionals is necessary when diagnosing and following up similar cases

Interseções entre educação popular e educação matemática crítica

Este texto apresenta um recorte de dissertação de mestrado, cujo principal objetivo foi analisar de que forma questões da prova de Matemática do ENEM, ao serem reelaboradas por um professor de um cursinho popular, contribuem para a promoção de uma educação popular, levando em conta princípios da educação matemática crítica. A sustentação teórica foi encontrada nas discussões acerca da educação popular e da educação matemática crítica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de discussões em forma de diálogos e entrevistas, ao longo de seis encontros síncronos via plataforma Google Meet, com sete participantes de um cursinho popular de Minas Gerais. Alguns resultados mostram que a maneira como os encontros aconteceram contribuiu para uma educação popular dos estudantes, conectando libertação e empowerment, esperança e foregrounds, leitura e escrita do mundo e matemacia

Enantioselective inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease with rhenium(i) picolinic acid complexes

Infections of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have triggered a global pandemic with millions of deaths worldwide. Herein, the synthesis of functionalized Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, also referred to as the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro)), is presented. The metal complexes were found to inhibit the activity of the enzyme with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Mass spectrometry revealed that the metal complexes formed a coordinate covalent bond with the enzyme. Chiral separation of the enantiomers of the lead compound showed that one enantiomer was significantly more active than the other, consistent with specific binding and much like that observed for conventional organic small molecule inhibitors and druglike compounds. Evaluation of the lead compound against SARS-CoV-2 in a cell-based infection assay confirmed enantiospecific inhibition against the virus. This study represents a significant advancement in the use of metal complexes as coordinate covalent inhibitors of enzymes, as well as a novel starting point for the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors

Communities of practice and QFD method for green logistics in the cosmetics industry: a suggested review

The Cosmetics, Personal Hygiene and Perfumery industry has significant importance in Brazil and seeks to adopt concepts and technologies of sustainable development to generate competitive advantages that can be achieved by companies in the industry. In this context, this research proposes to identify the perception of sustainability in recycling, mainly plastic packaging, and to suggest the use of Green Logistics and Cradle-to-Cradle concepts and the use of Communities of Practice. The research has a qualitative nature, using the methodology of multiple case studies with several companies in the industry, the data collection was performed through interviews with semi-structured questionnaire and documentary analyzes. The results were the identification of the companies' perceptions regarding sustainability and a suggestion of the application of the QFD method in the systematic unfolding between the needs of the consumer and the quality characteristics of the product that can be applied in these cooperatives to determine, with the presentation of their aspects and the generation of a quality matrix with the requirements raised

Electroacupuncture reverses ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization and subsequent pERK expression in mice

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a role in neuronal changes induced by repeated drug exposure. Given that electroacupuncture reverses locomotor sensitization induced by ethanol, we investigated whether this effect is parallel to ERK signalling. Mice received daily ethanol (2 g/kg i.p), for 21 d. Electroacupuncture was performed daily, during four (subsequent) days of ethanol withdrawal. the stimulus of 2 Hz or 100 Hz was provided in combinations of two acupoints: Ea1 (ST-36/Zusanli and PC-6/Neiguan) or Ea2 (Du-14/Dazhui and Du-20/Baihui). the specificity of acupoint effects were assessed by the inclusion of additional groups: Ea3 (ST-25/Tianshu - acupoint used for other non-related disorders), Sham1 or Sham2 (transdermic stimulation near the respective acupoints). the control group was only handled during withdrawal and the saline group was chronically treated with saline and handled similarly to controls. At day 5 of withdrawal, each group was divided in two subgroups, according to the presence or absence of ethanol challenge. the animals were perfused and their brains processed for pERK immunohistochemistry. Only Ea1 at 100 Hz (Ea1_100) and Ea2 at 2 Hz (Ea2_2) reversed locomotor sensitization induced by ethanol. Ethanol withdrawal decreases pERK in the dorsomedial striatum. This decrease is not abolished by electroacupuncture. Conversely, ethanol challenge increases pERK in the dorsomedial striatum, infralimbic cortex and central nucleus of amygdala. the specificity of acupoint stimulation to reverse these increases was seen only for Ea2_2, in the infralimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum. Therefore, behavioural effects of Ea2_2 (but not Ea1_100) depend, at least in part, on ERK signalling.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Neurobiol Lab, Grp Neuronal Plast & Psychiat Disorders, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Orthoped & Traumatol, Div Chinese Med Acupuncture, São Paulo, BrazilFac Med Sci, Dept Physiol Sci, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Neurobiol Lab, Grp Neuronal Plast & Psychiat Disorders, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Orthoped & Traumatol, Div Chinese Med Acupuncture, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2010-03896-7FAPESP: 2007/55458-0Web of Scienc

Diagnosticando estruturas e capacitações de aprendizagem de uma Universidade Pública do Nordeste do Brasil

The objective of this study is to diagnose structures and capabilities of Learning Organizations (LO) in a large, public, Federal Higher Education Institution (HEI) in the Northeast of Brazil, in order to promote them and improve their performance and that of their employees. The quantitative research, of the survey type with a non-random sample, uses the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire - DLOQ, and the qualitative research is carried out by documentary analysis. The thematic documentary analysis allows us to contextualize the northeastern HEI in the educational sector in the world and in Brazil. Of the total of 7638 questionnaires sent to the employees, 403 were returned and 378 were valid. The data are analyzed globally and among professors and technical-administrative workers, and the DLOQ's intra and inter-factor correlations are calculated. The HEI shows weaknesses in LO structures and capabilities at the individual and, more strongly, group and organizational levels. Individual-level learning structures and capabilities correlate more strongly with those at the group level and the latter with those at the organizational level. Teachers evaluate learning structures and capabilities better than technical-administrative employees. The results indicate that the interinfluence chain of the HEI's OA factors is not activated in all its positive potential and that those surveyed do not recognize the HEI as a learning organization. By devoting a contextualized and open-minded look at capturing differences internal to the HEIs as learning organizations and focusing on the interinfluence chain of OA factors, the research highlights non-trivial aspects in articles on OA.Buscase diagnosticar las estructuras y capacidades de la OA en una gran Institución de Educación Superior (IES) pública y federal del Nordeste de Brasil, con el fin de promoverlas y mejorar su desempeño y de sus empleados. La investigación cuantitativa, del tipo encuesta con una muestra non aleatoria, utiliza el Cuestionario de Dimensiones de la Organización de Aprendizaje - DLOQ, y la análisis documental para contextualizar la IES nordestina en el sector de la enseñanza.  De los 7638 cuestionarios enviados a los empleados, 403 fueron devolvidos y 378 fueron validados. Los datos fueran analizados globalmente, y entre profesores y trabajadores técnico-administrativos. Las correlaciones intra e inter factoriales del DLOQ son calculadas. La IES muestra debilidades en las estructuras y capacidades de la OA a nivel individual y, con mayor intensidad, a nivel grupal y organizativo. Las estructuras y capacidades de aprendizaje a nivel individual se correlacionan más fuertemente con las de nivel grupal y éstas últimas con las de nivel organizativo. Los profesores evalúan mejor las estructuras y capacidades de aprendizaje que los empleados técnico-administrativos. Los resultados indican que la cadena de interinfluencia de los factores OA de la IES no se activa en todo su potencial positivo y que los encuestados no la reconocen como una OA. Una mirada contextualizada y abierta evidencia las diferencias internas de las IES. Al centrarse en la cadena de interinfluencia de los factores de la OA, la investigación pone de manifiesto aspectos no triviales en los artículos sobre OA.Objetiva-se diagnosticar estruturas e capacitações de Organizações de Aprendizagem (OA) em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) federal, pública e de grande porte, do Nordeste do Brasil, para promovê-las e melhorar seu desempenho e de seus servidores. A pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo survey com amostra não aleatória, usa o Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire – DLOQ, e a qualitativa realiza-se por análise documental. A análise documental temática contextualiza a IES nordestina no setor educacional no mundo e no Brasil. Do total de 7638 questionários enviados aos servidores, 403 retornam e 378 são válidos. Analisam-se os dados de forma global e entre docentes e servidores técnico-administrativos, e calculam-se as correlações intra e inter fatores do DLOQ. A IES apresenta fragilidades em estruturas e capacitações de OA em nível individual e, mais fortemente, de grupo e organizacional. Estruturas e capacitações de aprendizagem do nível individual correlacionam-se mais fortemente com as do nível grupal e as deste último nível com as de nível organizacional. Docentes avaliam melhor as estruturas e capacitações em aprendizagem do que os servidores técnico-administrativos. O conjunto de resultados sinaliza que a cadeia de interinfluência dos fatores de OA da IES não está ativada em todo o seu potencial positivo e que os pesquisados não reconhecem a IES como organização de aprendizagem. Dedicando um olhar contextualizado e aberto a capturar diferenças internas às IES como organizações de aprendizagem e focando na cadeia de interinfluência de fatores de AO, a pesquisa ressalta aspectos não triviais em artigos sobre OA