Legal Systems in Transformation and Transnational Conflict Solution in Information Society

Technological development has revolutionized many human activities, turning the world into a global society, an information society. In this new context, the new information and communication technologies are seen as indispensable support in all areas of human knowledge. Following this new pattern, a new legal dimension has emerged which challenges the State, its essential elements and its geographical boundaries. The public law concepts of sovereignty and jurisdiction along with the criminal law concepts of enforcement and jurisdiction have experienced remarkable changes due to the changing idea of time and space as to when and where a crime is committed. Considering the transnational character due to the globalization of the juridical process, some modifications have been made in the approach to the term sovereignty. Even though its concept and characteristics may involve many interpretations of doctrinal order, without consensus, the result of these interpretations, in many cases, come to delimit the debate which is set in a globalized juridical perspective

Endemic Angiostrongyliasis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-10-06T12:58:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernando_monteiro_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 214467 bytes, checksum: 7938fea29a355143991cd4f518b2d970 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-10-06T13:12:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernando_monteiro_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 214467 bytes, checksum: 7938fea29a355143991cd4f518b2d970 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T13:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernando_monteiro_etal_IOC_2011.pdf: 214467 bytes, checksum: 7938fea29a355143991cd4f518b2d970 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Caracterização Mineralógica de uma Bentonita da Mina Bravo, Boa Vista, Paraíba

A bentonite sample from Bravo mine, Boa Vista District (Paraíba, NE Brazil), presenting the high Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of 106meq/100g, was thoroughly characterized, in order to find the best added- value application for it. Smectite, quartz, and jarosite have been identified in the run of mine (ROM) sample, whereas the size fraction under 10μm contains only smectite with traces of quartz. All the iron in the sample is Fe3+, as analysed by 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy, and its sole carriers are smectite, exclusively in the octahedral layer, and goethite, around 30% (wt) in both samples. According to solid state 27Al Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance, only 1% of the aluminium is located in the tetrahedral layer of the smectite, whereas 99% of it is octahedral. The clay’s chemical composition and its spectroscopic signature classify the chocolate bentonite as an iron-rich montmorillonite. Thermal analysis, with an endothermic peak due to smectite dehydroxylation at 488.6°C, and FTIR (Fourier Transformed Infrared) Spectroscopy, confirm the classification.A bentonita chocolate, oriunda da mina Bravo, Boa Vista, PB, foi detalhadamente caracterizada como subsídio a uma aplicação de maior valor agregado, considerando sua elevada capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC) – 106meq/100g. Foram identificados esmectita, quartzo e jarosita na amostra bruta, e a fração fina, abaixo de 10μm, contém apenas esmectita, com traços de quartzo. A espectroscopia Mössbauer do 57Fe indicou que todo o ferro da amostra é trivalente, carreado por goethita (de 28 a 32% do total) ou na camada octaédrica da esmectita. Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 27Al no estado sólido (RMN-MAS de 27Al) indicou que apenas 1% do Al da amostra situa-se na camada tetraédrica da esmectita, estando o restante na camada octaédrica. A composição química da amostra, associada às considerações espectroscópicas, classificou a esmectita como uma montmorillonita rica em ferro. As análises termodiferenciais/ termogravimétricas, com o pico endotérmico de desidroxilação do argilomineral centrado em 488,6°C, e as análises de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho confirmam a classificação

Application of a purge-and-trap system for fixed-NH4+ determination by matrix interference free ion chromatography in oil reservoir rocks

A method for fixed-NH4+ determination using a system immersed into an ultrasonic bath for NH3 extraction and ion chromatography for NH4+ determination is proposed. The method is faster, simpler and more sensible (LOD = 4.4 mg g-1 NH4+) than the classical Kjeldahl method

DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA INFECCIÓN EXPERIMENTAL POR ECHINOSTOMA PARAENSEI LIE Y BASCH, 1967 (TREMATODA, ECHINOSTOMATIDAE)

El diagnóstico de la infección por tremátodos se basa esencialmente en la observación microscópica de los huevos de parásitos en las heces, a través de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. En este estudio, se investigó la eficacia y la sensibilidad de las técnicas de Kato- Katz y Hoffman que se utilizan para diagnosticar Echinostoma paraensei en hámsters infectados y no infectados en condiciones experimentales. El método de Hoffman mostró mayor sensibilidad y eficacia en comparación con el método de Kato-Katz para el diagnóstico de E. paraensei

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.  Methodology/Principal Findings: The T. rangeli haploid genome is ,24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heatshock proteins.  Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

Investment in SARS-CoV-2 sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences generated, now exceeding 100,000 genomes, used to track the pandemic on the continent. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries able to sequence domestically, and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround time and more regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and shed light on the distinct dispersal dynamics of Variants of Concern, particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve, while the continent faces many emerging and re-emerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century