110 research outputs found
Metasemantics and fuzzy mathematics
The present thesis is an inquiry into the metasemantics of natural languages, with a particular focus on the philosophical motivations for countenancing degreed formal frameworks for both psychosemantics and truth-conditional semantics. Chapter 1 sets out to offer a bird's eye view of our overall research project and the key questions that we set out to address. Chapter 2 provides a self-contained overview of the main empirical findings in the cognitive science of concepts and categorisation. This scientific background is offered in light of the fact that most variants of psychologically-informed semantics see our network of concepts as providing the raw materials on which lexical and sentential meanings supervene. Consequently, the metaphysical study of internalistically-construed meanings and the empirical study of our mental categories are overlapping research projects. Chapter 3 closely investigates a selection of species of conceptual semantics, together with reasons for adopting or disavowing them. We note that our ultimate aim is not to defend these perspectives on the study of meaning, but to argue that the project of making them formally precise naturally invites the adoption of degreed mathematical frameworks (e.g. probabilistic or fuzzy). In Chapter 4, we switch to the orthodox framework of truth-conditional semantics, and we present the limitations of a philosophical position that we call "classicism about vagueness". In the process, we come up with an empirical hypothesis for the psychological pull of the inductive soritical premiss and we make an original objection against the epistemicist position, based on computability theory. Chapter 5 makes a different case for the adoption of degreed semantic frameworks, based on their (quasi-)superior treatments of the paradoxes of vagueness. Hence, the adoption of tools that allow for graded membership are well-motivated under both semantic internalism and semantic externalism. At the end of this chapter, we defend an unexplored view of vagueness that we call "practical fuzzicism". Chapter 6, viz. the final chapter, is a metamathematical enquiry into both the fuzzy model-theoretic semantics and the fuzzy Davidsonian semantics for formal languages of type-free truth in which precise truth-predications can be expressed
ANALYSIS OF NORMATIVE AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC PROTECTION OF WAGES
The need to protect employee wages is based on the premise that these wages fulfill avital function of maintenance and support of the employee and his family. Wage protectiontools provided by the legislation seek to ensure the actual receipt of payment by theemployer, either wholly or in a minimal part, even when their employer is in a situation ofinsolvency or inability to meet debt payment
The Contracting Parties' Ability To Conclude The Employment Contract
This study's main objective is to analyze certain effects produced by the changes of the Labor Code and by the entry into force of the current Romanian Civil Code. These effects refer to one of the fundamental conditions for the valid conclusion of the individual employment contract, that is, to the legal capacity of employers and employees. Thus, a complete analysis of legal regulations and of the correlations between different provisions on the legal capacity of parties to the individual employment contract is required to identify the existing noncompliance and to propose solutions. The research demonstrated that the current regulatory framework governing the legal capacity of the parties to an individual employment contract does not entirely correspond to the social reality. Therefore, only the employer benefits from a relatively comprehensive statutory regulation on the legal capacity to conclude an individual employment contract. The employee, however, does not benefit from the same attention from legislature. Considering the above, the study represents a significant scientific contribution, whose value lies in the proposed changes to modify legislature, so that the legal capacity of job holders would benefit from fair regulation, in accordance with the principle of legal protection of employee rights
Brief Comments on the European Union Strategies for Preventing and Combating Undeclared Work
In social life, undeclared work has acquired economic and legal connotations that are more and more pronounced, with major influences on social security systems on the one hand and on budget revenues on the other. Therefore, knowing the causes of this phenomenon, the forms of manifestation in each EU Member State, may determine a more realistic assessment of the social-economic impact, and may also identify legal action ways of reducing illicit work. In a European Union which has set the objective to create more and saferjobs, the vulnerability of theose under undeclared employment is an important problem, whose solution can be found not only at European level. Identification of the means of action against undeclared work is a concern of each Member State of the European Union, due to the fact that the underground economy undermines national social programs and funding has a negative effect on economic growth. In this respect, the Community institutions have proposed the Member States, for effectively combating undeclared work, reducing work-related taxes and bureaucracy, and a more active involvement of society in the fight against undeclared work. Also, undeclared work could be reduced by improving checks taken by authorities in all categories of employers. In the context of a labor market with normative dimensions in constant evolution, the employee status is quite difficult. In consistence with the principle of protecting employee rights, labor law has imposed new measures that counterbalance the employer’s position of authority within the employment relationship, both at European and national levels. These include the obligation to inform the employee about the essential elements of his working relationship, obligation established at European level by Council Directive 91/533/EEC of 14 October 1991, and at national level by the Labor Code
REFLECTIONS ON WORKING TIME - AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT
Conducting work within a specified number of hours and according to a certain programis a defining feature of the individual labour contract, one of the criteria for differentiating itfrom civil or commercial legal relationships with a similar object. Considering thesecharacteristics of the employment contract, it is particularly important to analyze the legalframework to determine whether the current statutory regulation of international and Europeanlevel is respected by the national law. It is equally important to identify the main lines of action,so as to create a balance between capital positions represented by the employer and labourrepresented by the employee, within the individual employment relationship
Douglas Hofstadter's Gödelian Philosophy of Mind
Hofstadter [1979, 2007] offered a novel Gödelian proposal which purported to reconcile the apparently contradictory theses that (1) we can talk, in a non-trivial way, of mental causation being a real phenomenon and that (2) mental activity is ultimately grounded in low-level rule-governed neural processes. In this paper, we critically investigate Hofstadter’s analogical appeals to Gödel’s [1931] First Incompleteness Theorem, whose “diagonal” proof supposedly contains the key ideas required for understanding both consciousness and mental causation. We maintain that bringing sophisticated results from Mathematical Logic into play cannot furnish insights which would otherwise be unavailable. Lastly, we conclude that there are simply too many weighty details left unfilled in Hofstadter’s proposal. These really need to be fleshed out before we can even hope to say that our understanding of classical mind-body problems has been advanced through metamathematical parallels with Gödel’s work
Los determinantes de las tenencias de efectivo. Análisis sobre las empresas rumanas
[ESP] A nivel mundial, en los últimos decenios las tenencias de efectivo de las empresas han aumentado considerablemente. Una de las causas principales fue la alta volatilidad de los cash flows y el riesgo asociado. El objetivo del estudio es identificar los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de las empresas en términos de tenencias de efectivo y endeudamiento. Esto responde al hecho de que los cambios en la estructura de capital y en los recursos en efectivo influyen en la asignación de recursos, en la política de inversión y, por tanto, en el rendimiento de las empresas. El análisis se realizó sobre las empresas listadas en la Bolsa de Valores de Bucarest (BVB), dado que las empresas rumanas son financiadas principalmente a través de bancos. [ENG] Worldwide, in the last decade, corporate cash holdings have increased significantly. One of the main reasons was the high volatility of cash flows and the associated risk. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that influence on companies’ behavior regarding cash and leverage. The motivation consist in the fact that changes in capital structure and cash influence on resource allocation, investment policy and therefore on corporate performance. The analysis was carried out for the companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BVB), knowing the fact that Romanian companies are mainly financed through banks.Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica (ETSIA), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial (ETSII), Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y Edificación (ETSAE), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas (ETSICCPIM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa (FCCE), Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo (PTFA), Vicerrectorado de Estudiantes y Extensión de la UPCT, Vicerrectorado de Investigación e Innovación de la UPCT, y Vicerrectorado de Internacionalización y Cooperación al Desarrollo de la UPCT
EVALUASI PROSEDUR PENERIMAAN KAS PADA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH AERAMO KABUPATEN NAGEKEO
The purpose of this study was to determine the procedure for cash receipts at the Aeramo Regional General Hospital, Nagekeo Regency. The data used in this study is a description of qualitative data, namely knowing the procedure for cash receipts at the Aeramo Regional General Hospital. The data collected in this study are interviews and documentation. The problem that occurs at the Aeramo General Hospital is the procedure for receiving cash at the Aeramo general hospital, overall it can be categorized as quite good, but there are several things that must be considered with the cash receipt procedure that has not gone well due to lack of accuracy in the recording process, incompatibility of duties and authority, lack of job training to employees, which is carried out by the employees, resulting in a discrepancy between the existing cash and its recording and the discrepancy between transactions. The results of the research that took place at the Aaeramo Regional General Hospital, Nagekeo Regency related to the cash receipts procedure had been going well, there were several things that needed attention, namely the cash receipt procedure still using the manual system. Therefore, the researcher suggests that parties can use information systems, in order to facilitate cash receipt transactions, so that rash houses do not create fraud
LAPORAN PELAKSANAAN KULIAH KERJA NYATA REGULER UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN PERIODE 119 UNIT XVIII.D.1 TAHUN AKADEMIK 2023/2024 DI PADUKUHAN CLUMPRIT, GERBOSARI, SAMIGALUH, KULONPROGO, DIY
Current state of fine mineral tailings treatment: A critical review on theory and practice
The mining industry produces fluid fine mineral tailings on the order of millions of tonnes each year, with billions of tonnes already stored globally. This trend is expected to escalate as demand for mineral products continues to grow with increasingly lower grade ores being more commonly exploited by hydrometallurgy. Ubiquitous presence and enrichment of fine solids such as silt and clays in fluid fine mineral tailings prevent efficient solid-liquid separation and timely re-use of valuable process water. Long-term storage of such fluid waste materials not only incurs a huge operating cost, but also creates substantial environmental liabilities of tailings ponds for mining operators. This review broadly examines current theoretical understandings and prevalent industrial practices on treating fine mineral tailings for greater water recovery and reduced environmental footprint of mining operations
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