42 research outputs found
High glycine concentration increases collagen synthesis by articular chondrocytes in vitro: acute glycine deficiency could be an important cause of osteoarthritis
Collagen synthesis is severely diminished in osteoarthritis; thus, enhancing it may help the regeneration of cartilage. This
requires large amounts of glycine, proline and lysine. Previous works of our group have shown that glycine is an essential
amino acid, which must be present in the diet in large amounts to satisfy the demands for collagen synthesis. Other authors
have shown that proline is conditionally essential. In this work we studied the effect of these amino acids on type II collagen
synthesis. Bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured under a wide range of different concentrations of glycine, proline and
lysine. Chondrocytes were characterized by type II collagen immunocytochemistry of confluence monolayer cultures. Cell
growth and viability were assayed by trypan blue dye exclusion method. Type II collagen was measured in the monolayer,
every 48 h for 15 days by ELISA. Increase in concentrations of proline and lysine in the culture medium enhances the synthesis
of type II collagen at low concentrations, but these effects decay before 1.0 mM. Increase of glycine as of 1.0 mM
exceeds these effects and this increase continues more persistently by 60â75%. Since the large effects produced by proline
and lysine are within the physiological range, while the effect of glycine corresponds to a much higher range, these results
demonstrated a severe glycine deficiency for collagen synthesis. Thus, increasing glycine in the diet may well be a strategy
for helping cartilage regeneration by enhancing collagen synthesis, which could contribute to the treatment and prevention
of osteoarthriti
Assessment of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) activation in acquired hemostatic dysfunction: a diagnostic challenge
SNAPSHOT USA 2019 : a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August - 24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the USA. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as well as future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape
Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in humanâwildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.Peer reviewe
The Linked CENTURY Study: linking three decades of clinical and public health data to examine disparities in childhood obesity
Changes in the Status, Distribution, and Management of Double-Crested Cormorants in Wisconsin
We reviewed and summarized historical data and conducted population surveys from 1973 through 1997 to determine the breeding status and distribution of doublecrested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in Wisconsin. Breeding cormorants historically occupied large, isolated lakes and wetlands in northern Wisconsin, but there were no known nesting sites until 1919, when cormorants were reported nesting on Lake Wisconsin in south-central Wisconsin. From the 1920âs to the 1950âs, cormorants occupied 17 colony sites in 16 counties, though no more than 7 sites were occupied during any particular year. From the 1950âs to the early 1970âs, the number of cormorant nests and colony sites plummeted owing to bioaccumulation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, human persecution at some colony sites, and habitat loss. The installation of 1,269 artificial nesting platforms at 13 locations in north-central, northeastern, northwestern, east-central, and southwestern Wisconsin, coupled with a decline in dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) levels in breeding birds, as well as protection as a State-endangered species, led to a marked recovery. Between 1973 and 1997, the Stateâs breeding population grew at an annual rate of nearly 25 percent, from 66 nests at 3 colony sites to 10,546 nests at 23 colony sites. We estimated population trends for six geographic regions in the State determined by distinct distribution patterns of nesting birds. Cormorant populations for five of six regions increased during 1973 through 1997. Trends differed significantly among regions, with a greater estimated increase in Great Lakesâ sites (P \u3c 0.01). In 1997, 81 percent of the Stateâs breeding population occurred on four islands in Green Bay on Lake Michigan. Increasing Lake Michigan cormorant populations have raised concerns among sport and commercial fisheries about impacts on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), although recent studies indicate that alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) predominate in cormorant diets