Critical cultural theory and social learning: An exploration of health & fitness magazines\u27 roles in propagating eating disorders.

The purpose of this study was to examine what health and fitness magazines tell women about their bodies and health, particularly Shape, Self, Fitness, Fit, Women\u27s Sports & Fitness, and Health. Guided by several mass communication theories that suggest mass media is particularly powerful in its ability to construct, establish and reinforce a culture\u27s definition of beauty, this inductive analysis focused on the latent meanings in the texts. The study\u27s objective was to determine if these magazines were true to their health premise. The texts analyzed included visuals, how-to articles, body transformation stories, celebrity features, and texts that focused on a woman\u27s body image. Results showed that numerous panoptic mechanisms were used to encourage women to scrutinize their bodies regularly; women were told that with enough effort and determination, for example, they could achieve the ideal thin look. Appearance was at the forefront in the texts analyzed; health was a secondary issue. Thin women were glamorized and hailed for their weight achievements; fat women, on the other hand, were portrayed as depressed and ashamed individuals. Normal to heavy weight women were underrepresented

Control and Alignment of Segmented-Mirror Telescopes: Matrices, Modes, and Error Propagation

Starting from the successful Keck telescope design, we construct and analyze the control matrix for the active control system of the primary mirror of a generalized segmented-mirror telescope, with up to 1000 segments and including an alternative sensor geometry to the one used at Keck. In particular we examine the noise propagation of the matrix and its consequences for both seeing-limited and diffraction-limited observations. The associated problem of optical alignment of such a primary mirror is also analyzed in terms of the distinct but related matrices that govern this latter problem

Leader-Member Exchange Theory: Examining the Dynamics and Potential Contributions of the Middle-Quality Group

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory traditionally focuses on the characteristics and implications of low- and high-quality leadership exchange levels, to the exclusion of the middle-quality employees\u27 leadership relationships. The limited research that has been conducted suggests that middle-quality employees can rival high-quality LMX employees in most organizational outcomes. The focus of this dissertation is to explore the theoretical and empirical potential of the middle-quality group\u27s role in the LMX relationship developmental process. We argue, in this three-paper dissertation, that examining the middle-quality group can facilitate and enhance our comprehensionof how LMX relationships exist and evolve. In the first paper, we expand upon the traditional LMX theoretical framework and organize theory around the LMX developmental process, highlighting the ways in which implicit and belongingness theories may interact as integral components in that process. In addition, a typology that demonstrates the characteristics and dynamics of the middle-quality group is presented. Next, we introduce the concept LMX fluidity to support our conceptualization of how asubordinate\u27s LMX quality status may shift between low-, middle-, and high-quality during the lifespan of the relationship. The purpose of the second paper is to disclose the potential for how research inclusive of the middle-quality group may enrich future investigationsof LMX. We present a brief history of the literature regarding the middle-quality LMX group, summarize existing empirical studies that isolated the middle-quality group\u27s outcomes, discuss measurement challenges, and lastly, we identify opportunities for future theoretical and empirical research. In our last paper, we hypothesize that middle-quality subordinates would be less subjected to ostracism than low- and high-quality subordinates, in other words a curvilinear relationship between LMX quality and ostracism will exist. Employing a too-much-of-a-good-thing-effect (TMGT) methodological approach, our results illustrated a polynomial (S-shaped) effect existed between LMX quality and ostracism, therefore, supporting our hypothesis. Overall, this dissertation expands the current theoretical boundaries of the middle-quality LMX research stream

A Follow-up Study of Guidance and Counseling Graduates from South Dakota State University 1957-1966

To understand more fully the reasons for this Follow-up Study of Guidance and Counseling Graduates from South Dakota State University from 1957 to 1966, one must start looking at the history and development of the Guidance and Counseling program. The first guidance course offered at South Dakota State University was in 1928. The course was Vocational Guidance, and it dealt with the need for vocational guidance, duties of vocational counselors, methods of collection, preparing, and using occupational information for counseling, and vocational guidance in the small high school. This course was taught at the undergraduate level. The first real emphasis placed on guidance and counseling at South Dakota State University was in the summer of 1945. A three-day workshop was set up for guidance workers and teachers. Topics discussed at the three day workshop were: (1) The Role of School Personnel in a Guidance Program (2) Job Analysis of Counselor a. kind of person he should be and b. his relationship to other teachers (3) Individual Schools and Their Guidance Service Programs. Committees were set up to investigate a. Occupational information b. Counseling c. Test and Testing Procedures d. Organization and Administration of Guidance Services e. Individual Inventory and Veteran’s Problems. Early workshops did not offer college credit. Eventually the workshop was expanded to three full weeks and three credits were given. The workshop each summer was administered by Student Personnel until 1954. The person in charge of the summer workshop devoted half time to Summer Personnel and one-half time to the Education Department. In addition to his counseling duties this instructor taught psychology and guidance which was part of the curriculum offered by the Education Department. The Education Department took charge of the administration of the workshop in 1954. In 1957 the first solid program in Guidance and Counseling was introduced. Dr. E. L. Whitmore, advisor to this study, came to South Dakota State University that year and the Guidance and Counseling Program was put under his direction. Before this time there were few graduate courses offered in Guidance and Counseling. The reason for increased emphasis in this work area was: (1) a need for teachers trained in this area and (2) an increase in certification requirements. In 1957 the Master of Education Degree was offered with a major in English. The graduate student had a choice of two curriculums – Administration or Guidance and Counseling or a combination of the two. In the same year the summer workshop was shortened from three to two weeks. Two college credits were given for the workshop. In 1966 another full-time professor was added to the Guidance and Counseling Department. Before this time professors were shared with the Psychology Department. In 1966 the Guidance and Counseling major and the Administration Major were offered. Graduate students then had a choice of a Master of Education degree or a Master of Science Degree. The Guidance and Counseling Department is in the process of continual growth

Economic growth and distribution of income: A growth model to fit Ghanaian data

Income distribution, economic growth, Development strategies,

Visualization of leading edge vortices on a series of flat plate delta wings

A summary of flow visualization data obtained as part of NASA Grant NAG2-258 is presented. During the course of this study, many still and high speed motion pictures were taken of the leading edge vortices on a series of flat plate delta wings at varying angles of attack. The purpose is to present a systematic collection of photographs showing the state of vortices as a function of the angle of attack for the four models tested

Reduction of oxides in liquid steel under reduced pressure

One of the principal factors affecting the quality of steel is the content of nonmetallic inclusions and their distribution. One of the recent methods for decreasing inclusion content is treatment of liquid steel under reduced pressure. It is the purpose of this work to study some of the variables involved in this methods

The Enhanced Reading Opportunities Study: Early Impact and Implementation Findings

This report presents early findings from a demonstration and random assignment evaluation of two supplemental literacy programs that aim to improve the reading comprehension skills and school performance of struggling ninth-grade readers. On average, the programs produced a positive, statistically significant impact on reading comprehension among students

The floral hosts and distribution of a supposed creosote bush specialist, Colletes stehpeni Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

Colletes stehpani Timberlake is thought to be a narrow oligolege of creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville (Zygophyllaceae) with limited distribution in the Sonoran desert of the Western United States. Based on appraisal of a museum specimens and fieldsurveys from 1999 to 2001 on 21 sand dunes, we foundd C. stephani to be a much more widely distributed psammophile of theSonoran, Mojave, and Great Basin Deserts that utilizes two unrelated plant pollen scources,Larrea Cav. and Psorothamnus Rydb. (Fabaceae). The geologic history of the region suggests a potential host shift from the more ancient occupant, Psorothamnus, to the Neogene colonizer, Larrea