Women rising: a critical look at Towards gender-equitable small-scale fisheries governance and development: a handbook by Nilanjana Biswas

A critical look at Towards Gender-equitable Small-scale fisheries Governance and Development: A Handbook by Nilanjana Biswas, published by the FAO, in 201

Multi-node approach for map data processing

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a popular collaborative open-source project that offers free editable map across the whole world. However, this data often needs a further on-purpose processing to become the utmost valuable information to work with. That is why the main motivation of this paper is to propose a design for big data processing along with data mining leading to the obtaining of statistics with a focus on the detail of a traffic data as a result in order to create graphs representing a road network. To ensure our High-Performance Computing (HPC) platform routing algorithms work correctly, it is absolutely essential to prepare OSM data to be useful and applicable for above-mentioned graph, and to store this persistent data in both spatial database and HDF5 format.Web of Science8971049

Friction torque, temperature and roughness in roll-slip phenomenon for polymer–steel contacts

The current study gives an insight of the roll-slip phenomenon of polymer-metal pair where priority is given to measurement techniques, test duration and the behavior of the polymer. A systematic tribological measurement was used to identify the friction torque from polymer –metal pairs where the friction torque from contact is obtained by subtracting the base torque of the test rig to exploit the absolute results. Base torque of the machine is almost constant, the changing can describe with linear trend line which is less than 0,5% per ten minutes. Measurements made for 3 hours shows that the friction force between the polyamide 6 (NaPA6) and structural steel (S33J2) has a polynomial of degree two with a function ( Ff = −1.5549 ⋅T 2 + 9.4031⋅T +13,126 ). Micrographs from the contact surface revealed the damage of roughness peaks during the course of testing. The involved wear mechanisms was investigated with roughness measurements and microscopy. The roughness plots also correlates with the micrograph where the rate of decrease in Ra in the initial stage is higher followed by a linear increase in the later stage. This can describe using polynomial function of degree as ( Ra = 0.029 ⋅T 2 + 0.3695⋅T + 2.4967 )

Corporate Yield Spreads: Default Risk or Liquidity? New Evidence from the Credit-Default Swap Market

We use the information in credit-default swaps to obtain direct measures of the size of the default and nondefault components in corporate spreads. We find that the majority of the corporate spread is due to default risk. This result holds for all rating categories and is robust to the definition of the riskless curve. We also find that the nondefault component is time varying and strongly related to measures of bond-specific illiquidity as well as to macroeconomic measures of bond-market liquidity.

State Policy, Livelihood Protection and Gender on Canada's East Coast

This paper looks at the interactions between environmental and industrial restructuring within the Newfoundland and Labrador fishery and regime shifts in three main policy areas related to fisheries. Our focus is the gendered consequences of interactive restructuring across policy areas for the ability of women and men in fisheries households in Newfoundland and Labrador to make a living. The three main policy areas include fisheries management policy, Employment Insurance policy and policy related to the regulation of occupational health and workers compensation. We document important similarities in the overall pattern and outcomes of regime shift within these three policy areas and point to ways these changes have interacted with resource degradation and industrial restructuring to influence the lives and livelihoods of fishery dependent people.Cette étude porte sur l’interaction entre la restructuration environnementale et industrielle dans le secteur des pêches de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, et les changements de régime survenus dans trois secteurs de dépenses importants des pêches. L’étude concerne les répercussions pour les sexes de la restructuration interactive dans les secteurs de dépenses sur la capacité des femmes et des hommes des ménages de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador qui vivent de la pêche de gagner leur vie. Les trois principaux secteurs de dépenses comprennent la politique sur la gestion des pêches, la politique sur l’assurance-emploi et la politique sur la réglementation de la santé au travail et la rémunération des travailleurs. L’étude fait état des ressemblances importantes dans la structure générale et les résultats des changements de régime dans ces trois secteurs de dépenses et indique des façons dont ces changements ont interagi avec le dépérissement des ressources et la restructuration industrielle pour influer sur la vie et le gagne-pain des personnes tributaires de la pêche

Investigation of friction hysteresis using a laboratory-scale tribometer

The current paper addresses the characterization of dynamic friction by using a laboratory-scale tribometer. A special post-processing script in MatLab has been developed in order to analyse the data from the experiments. A sine wave signal for the velocity is imposed, with three different frequencies and, consequently, acceleration and deceleration rates. A friction material from brakes, with nominal contact area of 254 mm², was subjected to sliding against a commercially available brake disc (gray cast iron, diameter of 256 mm). Some technical details and adjustments from the designed tribometer are showed and the results from the experiments are discussed. A friction hysteresis has been observed for all experimental curves, which exhibit loops in elliptical shape. A negative slope has been encountered for the curves when the imposed frequency is 1 Hz and 2 Hz, while for the highest frequency (4 Hz) the slope is positive. The laboratory-scale tribometer, associated to the post-processing stage, is capable to successfully be used to characterize friction hysteresis effect

Effect of process parameters on the energy requirement in ultrasonical treatment of waste sludge

Mechanical treatment methods are used as pre-treatment methods in order to enhance the efficiency of conventional sludge treatment processes and the sludge becomes more suitable for its complete treatment. The ultrasound is an alternative method among other methods, but because of its high energy requirement it should be optimized before utilization. This work gives the optimized parameters such as sonication time, sonication power (these parameters are the two factors which play part for energy calculations), type of sludge, cooling requirements and solid content in the sludge solution. Even if the previous researchers prefer to use the energy (specific energy usually), we have found out that both the sonication time and the sonication power have individual importance. For municipal sludge the main conclusion can be summarized as: “high power-short retention time” is more effective than “low power-long retention time”. As this phenomenon may alter from sludge to sludge, various combinations of power and retention time should be tried while keeping the volume small and the concentration below a certain level. The process should be performed at moderate temperatures and the efficiency increases if the sludge is as homogeneous as possible

Characterization of surface morphology and its correlation with friction performance of brake pads

The present work presents the morphology evolution of a brake material surface submitted to braking tests through a laboratory-scale tribometer. Optical microscope images of the material’s surface were obtained for every 10 braking operations. These images were post-processed in appropriate computational software. By means of the image segmentation technique, morphological parameters related to the brake material surface were estimated. The wear rate and also the coefficient of friction resulting from the tests were measured. For the NAO material used in this study, the friction behaviour revealed to be strongly associated with the amount of contact plateaus. Besides, the mean area of the contact plateaus was the main factor responsible for increasing the real contact area of the friction material. The higher wear rate observed in the first braking operations can be mainly attributed to the higher surface roughness measured in this condition. As the braking operations progress, the plateaus becomes flatter and wear rate is reduced. Finally, the image segmentation technique proved adequate for investigating morphological aspects in friction material surface