981 research outputs found
Study of localization in the quantum sawtooth map emulated on a quantum information processor
Quantum computers will be unique tools for understanding complex quantum
systems. We report an experimental implementation of a sensitive, quantum
coherence-dependent localization phenomenon on a quantum information processor
(QIP). The localization effect was studied by emulating the dynamics of the
quantum sawtooth map in the perturbative regime on a three-qubit QIP. Our
results show that the width of the probability distribution in momentum space
remained essentially unchanged with successive iterations of the sawtooth map,
a result that is consistent with localization. The height of the peak relative
to the baseline of the probability distribution did change, a result that is
consistent with our QIP being an ensemble of quantum systems with a
distribution of errors over the ensemble. We further show that the previously
measured distributions of control errors correctly account for the observed
changes in the probability distribution.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure
Evolutions of Magnetized and Rotating Neutron Stars
We study the evolution of magnetized and rigidly rotating neutron stars
within a fully general relativistic implementation of ideal
magnetohydrodynamics with no assumed symmetries in three spatial dimensions.
The stars are modeled as rotating, magnetized polytropic stars and we examine
diverse scenarios to study their dynamics and stability properties. In
particular we concentrate on the stability of the stars and possible critical
behavior. In addition to their intrinsic physical significance, we use these
evolutions as further tests of our implementation which incorporates new
developments to handle magnetized systems.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Operationally Invariant Measure of the Distance between Quantum States by Complementary Measurements
We propose an operational measure of distance of two quantum states, which
conversely tells us their closeness. This is defined as a sum of differences in
partial knowledge over a complete set of mutually complementary measurements
for the two states. It is shown that the measure is operationally invariant and
it is equivalent to the Hilbert-Schmidt distance. The operational measure of
distance provides a remarkable interpretation of the information distance
between quantum states.Comment: 4 page
Collapse and black hole formation in magnetized, differentially rotating neutron stars
The capacity to model magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) flows in dynamical,
strongly curved spacetimes significantly extends the reach of numerical
relativity in addressing many problems at the forefront of theoretical
astrophysics. We have developed and tested an evolution code for the coupled
Einstein-Maxwell-MHD equations which combines a BSSN solver with a high
resolution shock capturing scheme. As one application, we evolve magnetized,
differentially rotating neutron stars under the influence of a small seed
magnetic field. Of particular significance is the behavior found for
hypermassive neutron stars (HMNSs), which have rest masses greater the mass
limit allowed by uniform rotation for a given equation of state. The remnant of
a binary neutron star merger is likely to be a HMNS. We find that magnetic
braking and the magnetorotational instability lead to the collapse of HMNSs and
the formation of rotating black holes surrounded by massive, hot accretion tori
and collimated magnetic field lines. Such tori radiate strongly in neutrinos,
and the resulting neutrino-antineutrino annihilation (possibly in concert with
energy extraction by MHD effects) could provide enough energy to power
short-hard gamma-ray bursts. To explore the range of outcomes, we also evolve
differentially rotating neutron stars with lower masses and angular momenta
than the HMNS models. Instead of collapsing, the non-hypermassive models form
nearly uniformly rotating central objects which, in cases with significant
angular momentum, are surrounded by massive tori.Comment: Submitted to a special issue of Classical and Quantum Gravity based
around the New Frontiers in Numerical Relativity meeting at the Albert
Einstein Institute, Potsdam, July 17-21, 200
Entanglement, avoided crossings and quantum chaos in an Ising model with a tilted magnetic field
We study a one-dimensional Ising model with a magnetic field and show that
tilting the field induces a transition to quantum chaos. We explore the
stationary states of this Hamiltonian to show the intimate connection between
entanglement and avoided crossings. In general entanglement gets exchanged
between the states undergoing an avoided crossing with an overall enhancement
of multipartite entanglement at the closest point of approach, simultaneously
accompanied by diminishing two-body entanglement as measured by concurrence. We
find that both for stationary as well as nonstationary states, nonintegrability
leads to a destruction of two-body correlations and distributes entanglement
more globally.Comment: Corrections in two figure captions and one new reference. To appear
in Phys. Rev.
Fifteen years of XMM-Newton and Chandra monitoring of Sgr A*: Evidence for a recent increase in the bright flaring rate
We present a study of the X-ray flaring activity of Sgr A* during all the 150
XMM-Newton and Chandra observations pointed at the Milky Way center over the
last 15 years. This includes the latest XMM-Newton and Chandra campaigns
devoted to monitoring the closest approach of the very red Br-Gamma emitting
object called G2. The entire dataset analysed extends from September 1999
through November 2014. We employed a Bayesian block analysis to investigate any
possible variations in the characteristics (frequency, energetics, peak
intensity, duration) of the flaring events that Sgr A* has exhibited since
their discovery in 2001. We observe that the total bright-or-very bright flare
luminosity of Sgr A* increased between 2013-2014 by a factor of 2-3 (~3.5 sigma
significance). We also observe an increase (~99.9% significance) from
0.27+-0.04 to 2.5+-1.0 day^-1 of the bright-or-very bright flaring rate of Sgr
A*, starting in late summer 2014, which happens to be about six months after
G2's peri-center passage. This might indicate that clustering is a general
property of bright flares and that it is associated with a stationary noise
process producing flares not uniformly distributed in time (similar to what is
observed in other quiescent black holes). If so, the variation in flaring
properties would be revealed only now because of the increased monitoring
frequency. Alternatively, this may be the first sign of an excess accretion
activity induced by the close passage of G2. More observations are necessary to
distinguish between these two hypotheses.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Coherent Ro-vibrational Revivals in a Thermal Molecular Ensemble
We report an experimental and theoretical study of the evolution of
vibrational coherence in a thermal ensemble of nitrogen molecules. Rotational
dephasing and rephasing of the vibrational coherence is detected by coherent
anti-Stokes Raman scattering. The existence of ro-vibrational coupling and the
discrete energy spectrum of the rotational bath lead to a whole new class of
full and fractional ro-vibrational revivals. Following the rich ro-vibrational
dynamics on a nanosecond time scale with sub-picosecond time resolution enables
us to determine the second-order ro-vibrational constant and assess
new possibilities of controlling decoherence.Comment: submitted at Physical Review
Sudden death of distillability in qutrit-qutrit systems
We introduce the concept of distillability sudden death, i.e., free entangled
states can evolve into non-distillable (bound entangled or separable) states in
finite time under local noise. We describe the phenomenon through a specific
model of local dephasing noise and compare the behavior of states in terms of
the Bures fidelity. Then we propose a few methods to avoid distillability
sudden death of states under (general) local dephasing noise, so that free
entangled states can be robust against decoherence. Moreover, we find that
bound entangled states are unstable in the limit of infinite time.Comment: published version, small changes in Sec.III, 6 pages, 3 figure
Critical Phenomena in Neutron Stars I: Linearly Unstable Nonrotating Models
We consider the evolution in full general relativity of a family of linearly
unstable isolated spherical neutron stars under the effects of very small,
perturbations as induced by the truncation error. Using a simple ideal-fluid
equation of state we find that this system exhibits a type-I critical
behaviour, thus confirming the conclusions reached by Liebling et al. [1] for
rotating magnetized stars. Exploiting the relative simplicity of our system, we
are able carry out a more in-depth study providing solid evidences of the
criticality of this phenomenon and also to give a simple interpretation of the
putative critical solution as a spherical solution with the unstable mode being
the fundamental F-mode. Hence for any choice of the polytropic constant, the
critical solution will distinguish the set of subcritical models migrating to
the stable branch of the models of equilibrium from the set of subcritical
models collapsing to a black hole. Finally, we study how the dynamics changes
when the numerically perturbation is replaced by a finite-size, resolution
independent velocity perturbation and show that in such cases a nearly-critical
solution can be changed into either a sub or supercritical. The work reported
here also lays the basis for the analysis carried in a companion paper, where
the critical behaviour in the the head-on collision of two neutron stars is
instead considered [2].Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Simulating binary neutron stars: dynamics and gravitational waves
We model two mergers of orbiting binary neutron stars, the first forming a
black hole and the second a differentially rotating neutron star. We extract
gravitational waveforms in the wave zone. Comparisons to a post-Newtonian
analysis allow us to compute the orbital kinematics, including trajectories and
orbital eccentricities. We verify our code by evolving single stars and
extracting radial perturbative modes, which compare very well to results from
perturbation theory. The Einstein equations are solved in a first order
reduction of the generalized harmonic formulation, and the fluid equations are
solved using a modified convex essentially non-oscillatory method. All
calculations are done in three spatial dimensions without symmetry assumptions.
We use the \had computational infrastructure for distributed adaptive mesh
refinement.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures. Added one figure from previous version;
corrected typo
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