Determination of color, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of different fruit tissue of Spanish ‘Verde Doncella’ apple cultivar

27 Pag., 1 Fig., 4 Tab. Accepted author version posted online 16 January 2014. Published online: 14 Jul 2014. This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in International Journal of Food Properties, published online 16 Jan 2014, copyright Taylor & Francis, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10942912.2013.792829The polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity of peel, pomace, and juice of ‘Verde Doncella’, a Spanish apple cultivar is presented. Phenolic profile of the worldwide cultivated, ‘Red Delicious’ cultivar was used for comparison. Flavanols, hydroxycinamic acids, flavonols, phloridzin, procyanidin B2, and gallic acid were quantified by HPLC. Larger concentrations of polyphenolics were found in the peel, which is in agreement with the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP) values. ‘Verde Doncella’ expressed lower concentrations of flavanols and quercetin derivates in peel, pomace, and juice when compared to ‘Red Delicious’. ‘Verde Doncella’ was richer in p-coumaric acid and procyanidn B2 in the peel.This study was supported by the projects AGL2009-59 08501 (Programa Nacional de Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental), co-financed by the European Social Fund and by the Departamento de Ciencia, Tecnología y Universidad del Gobierno de Aragón, Research Group “Foods from Plant Origin”. Fellowship funding JAE-Predoc/CSIC was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICCIM).Peer reviewe

Predicción de firmeza en melocotón “cv Calrico” mediante espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano

4 Pags., 2 Tabls.La aplicación de la regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) nos ha permitido obtener correlaciones entre el espectro de reflectancia visible-infrarrojo (310-1145 nm) y las medidas convencionales de firmeza en melocotón tardío de Calanda de la variedad “Calrico”. Dividiendo la muestra en dos grupos aleatorios, hemos realizado, previamente a la aplicación de PLS, dos tratamientos matemáticos distintos, de los que uno da mejores resultados que el otro. La ecuación de calibración obtenida permite una determinación muy rápida de la firmeza a partir del espectro, sin destrucción de la muestraEste trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto de investigación: AGL2009- 08501/AGR (Programa Nacional de Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental).Peer reviewe

Determination of quality parameters in apple ‘Smoothee Golden Delicious’ using backscattering laser imaging

Work presented at the 8th Iberoamerican Optics Meeting and 11th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Applications (Porto, Portugal. 2013).The objective of this study was to evaluate in ‘Smoothee Golden Delicious’ apples, the use of backscattering images as a non-destructive method to estimate some quality parameters during the ripening process of fruits. In this experiment, 208 apples were collected from an experimental orchard of the Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC) in Zaragoza (Northeastern, Spain). Backscattering images were kept from samples picked up every 15 days during 7 months until harvest. In the same fruits, soluble solids contents (SSC) and firmness were measured by traditional destructive methods. The light source was a solid state laser diode module emitting at three different spectral bands (670, 785 and 980 nm) PLS calibration methods were used to create the statistical model to predict SSC and firmness. Good results were obtained when PLS calibration was applied to Feret diameter corresponding at different levels of gray. The Rcv2 values were 0.87 for firmness and 0.93 for SSC, which are higher than other reported in the literature for the same commodity.Peer Reviewe

Non-destructive determination of the optimum harvest time of the sweet cherry cultivar ‘Cashmere’ through CIELab colour coordinates and the principal component analysis (PCA)

4 pags.- 2 Figs. Article derived from a original aportation to authors to VIII International Postharvest Symposium (Cartagena, Spain. 21-24 June 2016). The definitive version is available at: https://www.actahort.org/index.htmA principal components analysis (PCA) carried out on the L*, a* and b* color coordinates, allows a good discrimination among maturity stages of the ‘Cashmere’ sweet cherry cultivar. Physical-chemical parameters were determined by conventional destructive methods that were used as a reference to compare with statistically treated optical data. The study was carried out during two consecutive campaigns 2010 and 2011. Samples were taken at optimum harvest time following the criteria of firmness, soluble carbohydrates and expert visual estimation of color. In the first season, two other samples of 200 fruits each, were picked at random in the plot from several trees, a week before and a week after the estimated optimal date. In 2011, sampling was made as in 2010 but timing was as follows: two days before harvest, at harvest and 2 and 4 days after. In both seasons, a simple representation of fruit color in the a* b* space of the whole set of samples in a single year, did not permit differentiation of fruits on a maturity stage basis. However, a principal component analysis including not only a* and b* but also the luminosity L*, allowed the classification of fruits according their ripeness using only the first component PC1. This work demonstrates that a simple colorimeter can be a suitable alternative to destructive methods to determine the optimum harvest time and also may permit the prediction of the shelf life of this commodity (very short indeed, 1 week approximately).Peer reviewe

Obtención de espectros metámeros con varios iluminantes para una muestra dada

Reciben el nombre de espectros metámeros aquellos que, aún siendo diferentes, proporcionan el mismo color bajo un iluminante y un observador dados. Sin embargo, si calculamos sus coordenadas colorimétricas con un iluminante diferente, éstas serán distintas y, en algunos casos, muy distintas. Un método de obtener espectros de reflectancia metámeros con otro dado consiste en reconstruir este espectro a partir de los vectores propios, obtenidos mediante PCA, de un amplio conjunto de espectros, como pueden ser las muestras del Atlas Munsell. En este trabajo se presenta un método para obtener espectros de reflectancia que sean metámeros bajo dos, o más, iluminantes. Este resultado es posible si conocemos los suficientes vectores propios de la base utilizada y los valores triestímulo del espectro original calculados con los respectivos iluminantes. Debido al método matemático usado en la obtención de los espectros, éstos son metámeros perfectos de la muestra original

Obtención de espectros metámeros que se cortan en longitudes de onda elegidas arbitrariamente

En trabajos anteriores hemos comprobado que se pueden utilizar técnicas de PCA sobre una amplia base de espectros de reflexión para obtener diferentes metámeros de un color dado para un observador e iluminante determinados. En ocasiones, puede resultar interesante que todos esos espectros tengan el mismo valor para una longitud de onda determinada. En este trabajo presentamos un método para obtener espectros metámeros que tengan el mismo valor de reflectancia en una o varias longitudes de onda determinadas

Firmness prediction in Prunus persica ‘Calrico’ peaches by Visible/short wave near infrared spectroscopy and acoustic measurements using optimized linear and non-linear chemometric models (Article in press)

16 p., 2 fig., 2 tab.In this work, near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and an acoustic measure (AWETA) (two non-destructive methods) were applied in Prunus persica fruit ‘Calrico’ (n=260) to predict Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness. Separate and combined use of these measures was evaluated and compared using PLS and LS-SVM regression methods. Also, a Mutual Information (MI)-based variable selection method, seeking to find the most significant variables to produce optimal accuracy of the regression models, was applied to a joint set of variables (NIR wavelengths and AWETA measure). The newly proposed combined NIR-AWETA model gave good values of the determination coefficient (R2) for PLS and LS-SVM methods (0.77 and 0.78, respectively), improving the reliability of MT firmness prediction in comparison with separate NIR and AWETA predictions. The three variables selected by the variable selection method (AWETA measure plus NIR wavelengths 675 and 697 nm) achieved R2 values 0.76 and 0.77, PLS and LS-SVM. These results indicated that the proposed MI-based variable selection algorithm was a powerful tool for the selection of the most relevant variables.Peer reviewe

Estimation of soluble solids content and firmness in apple (Golden cv) by NIR absorbance indices

1 copia (a-3) del póster original presentado. 3 Figs., 1 Tabl.To determine fruit quality traits, non-destructive methods like near infrared spectroscopy are displacing traditional procedures. The interpretation of NIR spectra. involves a complex statistical analysis as the whole spectrum is used to obtain the calibration equations which permit to assess some quality traits already determined by destructive methods, such as a texturometer for rheological properties or a refracto meter for total soluble solids content .Peer reviewe

Determination of soluble solids content in Prunus avium by Vis/NIR equipment using linear and non-linear regression methods

7 Pags- 3 Figs.- 2 Tabls. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-by 4.0) License.Aim of study: Developing models to determine soluble solids content (SSC) in cherry trees by means of Vis/NIR spectroscopy. Area of study: The Spanish Autonomous Community of Aragón (Spain). Material and methods: Vis/NIR spectroscopy was applied to Prunus avium fruit ‘Chelan’ (n=360) to predict total SSC using a range 400-2420 nm. Linear (PLS) and nonlinear (LSSVM) regression methods were applied to establish prediction models. Main results: The two regression methods applied obtained similar results (Rcv2=0.97 and Rcv2=0.98 respectively). The range 700-1060 nm attained better results to predict SSC in different seasons. Forty variables selected according to the variable selection method achieved Rcv2 value, 0.97 similar than full range. Research highlights: The development of this methodology is of great interest to the fruit sector in the area, facilitating the harvest for future seasons. Further work is needed on the development of the NIRS methodology and on new calibration equations for other varieties of cherry and other species.Funding agencies/Institutions, Project / Grant: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), RTI2018-101674-B-I00; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Aragon Government, T07_17RPeer reviewe

Contribución al estudio de las variedades de olivo empeltre y arbequina en Aragón

[ES] Este trabajo se plantea como una contribución al conocimiento de las relaciones entre el medio agrológico, el estado nutricional del olivo, la composición fenólica de hojas y frutos y la calidad del aceite de oliva en Aragón. Con este fin se han realizado dos ensayos de fertilización nitrogenada en plantaciones jóvenes de las variedades Empeltre y Arbequina en regadío. Se ha estudiado durante tres años la composición mineral, así como la composición polifenólica de hojas y frutos, la producción y la productividad de los árboles y la calidad del aceite. Los resultados obtenidos durante los tres años de ensayo, indican que en estas explotaciones, con una situación nutricional dentro del rango de suficiencia, según diagnóstico foliar, el abonado con distintas dosis de nitrógeno tiene poca influencia sobre los parámetros estudiados. Por otra parte, se han analizado las correlaciones entre los distintos parámetros, encontrando que el contenido de nitrógeno foliar está relacionado negativamente con el grado de acidez de los aceites, mientras que el contenido de hierro en hoja lo está con el nivel de peróxidos y de polifenoles.[EN] This work can be considered like a contribution to the knowledge, in Aragón, of the relations between the agrologic environment, the nutritional state of the olive trees, the phenolic composition of leaves and fruits as well as the olive oil quality. With this purpose two nitrogen fertilization tests in Empeltre and Arbequina young plantations 158 have been made in irrigated land. The mineral composition, as well as the phenolic composition of leaves and fruits, the production and the productivity of the olive trees and the quality of the oil has been studied during three years. The results have showed that, in olive grows with a nutritional status within the sufficiency rank, the fertilization with different nitrogen dosages has little influence on the studied parameters. On the other hand, the correlations between the different parameters analyzed, showed that the content of the nitrogen foliar is related negatively to the degree of acidity of oils, whereas the iron content in leaf is also related negatively with the level of peroxides and polyphenols.Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por el MAPA con el Programa de Mejora de la Calidad de la Producción de Aceite de Oliva, proyecto CAO99-020-C2-0-1 y 0-2 y por el Gobierno de Aragón con el Proyecto I+D con referencias P29/97 I.Peer reviewe