Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna with Dual Frequency Tuning Characteristics using E-Shaped Defected Ground Plane Structure

Study of the effect of ‘‘E’’- shaped defected ground structure (DGS) on frequency tuning and size reductions of a square microstrip antenna in comparison with the conventional and slit added compact patches are presented. It has been shown, how the variation of the arms of the E-shaped slot embedded in the ground plane results in frequency shifting. By changing the length of the slot, the lower resonant frequency (f1) of the proposed antenna can be tuned from 3.94 GHz to 2.13GHz and higher resonant frequency can be tuned from 5.14GHz to 3.99 GHz. A significant size reduction of about 86% has been achieved compared to the conventional rectangular microstrip reference antenna

A reassessment of social desirability

Social desirability reflects the tendency of individuals to present themselves favorably, or in a desirable light, with respect to social norms and standards. The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale is perhaps the best known index of socially desirable responding (SDR), but it has proven to be a dual measure of social desirability and the approval-dependent personality. Paulhus\u27s Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) sought to improve upon the BIDR by representing SDR as a dual component construct. Specifically, the BIDR measures two facets of social desirability: self-deception, underlying, overly positive, unconscious self-images and impression management, self-presentation to create a positive social image. Despite the various conceptualizations of socially desirable responding {e.g., lying, faking good, need for approval), no extant SDR scale includes the conception of deliberate deception which can be defined as a purposeful misrepresentation of the self aimed at external gain. The Item Response Inventory (IRI) was designed to measure three facets of social desirability: self-deceptive positivity, impression management, and deliberate deception. Study 1 assessed the psychometric properties {e g, internal reliability) of the IRI. Both IRI subscales and combined scores were found to be reliable {e.g., for combined scores Coefficient alpha = 0.81 and mean inter-item correlation = 0.14). Study 2 explored the convergent and discriminant validity of the revised IRI by comparing the IRI with extant measures of social desirability and other conceptually-related measures. Mixed results were found regarding the utility of including deliberate deception into the broader conceptualization of SDR

Exploring the nature of hurt feelings

Hurt feelings are an inevitable consequence of interpersonal relationships. Hurt can be defined as the responses to trauma, abuse, loss, stress, rejection, insults, and offenses that may occur throughout life. The purpose of the series of studies outlined in this dissertation was two-fold: (1) to develop a reliable and valid personality measure of the bimodal model of hurt reactivity comprising introjective hurt (i.e., internalizing hurt and engaging in self-blame) and retaliatory hurt (i.e., lashing out immediately and aggressively against perpetrators of hurt); and (2) to assess the meaning and implications of hurt from various methodological perspectives, including narrative accounts of hurt experiences and their outcomes over time and the exploration of hurt in a hypothetical paradigm. Results indicated that the Introjective and Retaliatory dimensions of the Hurt Reactivity Scale were differentially related to various indices of similar and related personality constructs. Similarly, each scale was predictive of the cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions that are characteristic of each response pattern in the longitudinal studies of hurt. Moreover, the results of the hypothetical study showed that intentionality is strongly associated with the angry retaliation found in the retaliatory hurt personality and also evidenced in the selfpunitive and dependent responses of the introjective hurt predisposition

Developments In Design Methodology

Chichesterx, 375 p.: illus.; 24 c