Roadmap to a Cosmic Model that Supports Nonphysical and Nonlocal Phenomena

Dark matter and dark energy have characteristics in common with other enigmatic phenomena, such as quantum waves, entanglement and mental activity. They all seem to have nonphysical or nonlocal qualities. Basic assumptions of string theory are discussed to find a new understanding of the theory that is capable of modelling nonphysical and nonlocal phenomena. The six extra spatial dimensions of string theory are proposed to be open and capable of modelling two additional parallel, nonphysical universes/branes that can be observed by introspection and referred to as mental. The predicted extra particles of string theory are understood to be nonphysical, populating the nonphysical universes, unable to collide with physical matter, but having a mutual influence by means of gravity, such as required by the string theory. Dark matter and dark energy could exist in these two parallel universes and could be the storage medium of our memories and personality. The negative solution of the energy equation could point to a real phenomenon in this model, - negative energy could be the seat of consciousness in a separate fourth parallel universe/brane

Expressing the Units of Electricity and Magnetism Directly in the MKS System

Since the unit of electric charge can be chosen independently of the value of the permittivity of free space ε0, it is shown that all electromagnetic quantities can also be assigned units directly in the MKS system.  For example, the unit of electric charge can be 1 J as long as ε0 has units of 1 N.  A table is given that makes a comprehensive comparison of the standard units in the Giorgi system with those in two such direct MKS schemes.  A simple procedure is also described for changing the numerical values of the units in a systematic manner by dividing the various electromagnetic quantities into five distinct classes.  This allows one to equate the value of ε0 to 1/4π, for example, similarly as for the Gaussian system of units, while still retaining the same formulas as in the Giorgi system. &nbsp

Synergistic effect of Adsorbent dosage of Neem leaf powder NLP on Isotherms of lead (Pb2+) to enhance the efficient decrease of lead concentration

Lead (Pb2+) is one of the heavy metals that naturally occurs and is found in the earth’s crust. Its widespread use has resulted in extensive environmental contamination, human exposure, and significant public health problems in many parts of the world. Many different methods were explored to remove the Pb2+ from the contaminated water. In this experiment, Neem leaf powder (NLP) was used as an agent for the removal of heavy metals through a process called adsorption or biosorption. It has been shown in the experiment that the NLP was a good adsorbent for the removal of Lead (Pb2+). It has been observed that the increase in the dosage of the NLP also increased the % Removal of the adsorbate. The data obtained from the experiment, after kinetic models’ analysis, were observed to have followed the Pseudo-second order model, and the Isotherm model analysis showed that the Langmuir mode was the best to describe the adsorption mechanism

Dirac Like Equation for Free Particles of Any Spin

Adopting different matrix representations of the Clifford Cl3 algebra, a Dirac like equation provides a general relativistic wave equation that can describe particles of any spin. In analogy with the Dirac spinors, the wave functions split into two spinors, one accounting for a particle with a definite four momentum and one designating a helicity Eigen-state. Rewritten in spherical coordinates, generic solutions for any spin are presented

Synergistic effect on heavy metals concentration in Soil of waste Disposal sites in Birnin Kudu town in Jigawa State, Nigeria

The Widespread practice of open solid waste disposal dump sites in the contemporary era has become a major source of solid waste disposal in urban and semi-urban areas, contributing immensely to severe health risks and other environmental degradation. Due to the rapid growth of settlement and urbanization, the environmental health effects of some solid waste disposal (dumped sites on the soil by heavy metals) are becoming an increasingly urgent calamity to society. This research focuses on geochemical and physiochemical investigation of some heavy metals on soil in solid waste disposal dumpsites in some selected areas of Birnin kudu. The solid waste disposal of the said area were taken of about 10 places as a sample to assess the metal index risk to ascertain the rapid increase in transfer factor by heavy metals on soil to human by inhalation and compared to the other area having no such heavy metals. The sites were mainly contaminated with Cd Cr Fe, Zn Pb as well as partially contaminated by Mg and Mn. Inhalation of such heavy metals results in numerous health risks including stomach pain, liver failure, damage to the kidney, mental illness as well as skin cancer. Moreover, identifying the extent of contamination of heavy metals and coming up with modalities to overcome such health risks, is one of the targets of this research which include the migration of the solid waste disposal dump site too far from the vicinity, advancement of green chemistry practices in local industry, community awareness by enlighten peoples dropping their solid waste disposal dump in the sites, community implementation to take necessary actions. The essential measures that can ensure safeguarding future occurrence and also achieve sustainable development goals 6 (SDG)

Information Transfer in Quantum Mechanics

This paper deals with the most elementary information transmission in Quantum Mechanics. A simple quantum mechanical system under Coulomb-type potential is investigated. Like the classical case, a deep relation between the potential energy and the rate of information transfer is established for quantum-mechanical situation. The corresponding equation is presented. The article shows the circumstance for the free particle, too

Analysis of Wind Speed Data and Energy Potential Using Weibull Distribution Method: A Case Study of Damaturu, Yobe State, North-East, Nigeria

In this study, the wind speed characteristics and energy potential in Yobe State University area, Damaturu were investigated using wind speed data that span for 4 years from 2016 to 2019 and was measured at a height of 10 meters from the ground level using cup anemometers and modeled via the Weibull probability framework. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method were deployed to compute the Weibull shape (k) and scale (c) parameters. These parameters facilitated a detailed evaluation of temporal wind dynamics. It was observed that the maximum wind speed (3.21–4.80 m/s), energy density ranges (15.07–50.40 kWh/m2), and power density (20.26–67.74 W/m2) peaked between January and April, whereas July to October exhibited significantly reduced performance. The years 2017 and 2018 proved most favorable for energy extraction, driven by elevated scale parameters (c = 2.70) and consistent mean speeds (2.44 m/s). In contrast, 2016 recorded the highest shape factor (k = 4.14), reflecting stable yet slower winds ideal for low power, steady output applications. Although annual wind speeds remained below 3 m/s, the region shows promise for small-scale wind energy installations employing turbines with low activation thresholds, especially during months with extended wind duration (January’s, T(V) = 368.61). However, periods such as September 2019 marked by minimal speeds (0.86 m/s) and high probability density values (F(V) = 0.92) highlight challenges in energy predictability, necessitating turbines optimized for variable conditions. Damaturu holds some potential for wind energy development, achieving maximum power density of 67.74 W/m2 and an energy density of 50.40 kW h/m2, positioning it below the Class I threshold. This suggests its suitability for low energy applications such as water pumping, battery charging, and powering small electronic devices

Mathematical configuration of real physical space

Real physical space, as a purely mathematical structure formed according to the rules of set theory, topology, and fractal geometry, was proposed by Michel Bounias (1943–2003) and the author. It emerges as a mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, which was named a tessellattice, and the size of a cell/ball in the tessellattice is comparative with the Planck length, 10-35 m. Discrete fractal properties of the tessellattice allow the prediction of scales at which submicroscopic to cosmic structures should occur. This approach allows the development of a submicroscopic concept of physics, which describes Nature at a much deeper level than offered by the quantum-mechanical formalism developed at the atom scale, 10-10 m. In addition, the approach makes it possible to define such fundamental physical notions as mass and charge from first submicroscopic principles, and this actually means that fundamental mathematics lays down the basic concepts of physics

General Relativity and the Standard Model

The quantum conditions are applied to yield a form of the covariant momentum. This momentum is contrasted with the covariant velocity in classical gravitational theory. The quantum momentum is then renormalized. This allows separation of mass and velocity, which velocity is considered equivalent to the classical velocity. The renormalization thereby yields two forms for the gravitational metric that are related by a gauge transformation of the first kind. The gauge entities in the metric are shown to be directly applicable to gauge generators in the Standard Model

Assessment of radiation dose on occupational health workers of some selected hospitals in Jigawa state, Nigeria

Medical Occupational Health workers under Radiology and Dental departments are generally exposed to chronic low dose and long-term doses of ionizing radiations in their bodies. The research was carried out to evaluate the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the occupational health workers for some selected hospitals in Dutse Emirate of Jigawa State, Nigeria. The trends and distribution of dose from occupational radiation exposure to radiation health workers from five selected hospitals in Jigawa State were assessed and evaluated using renowned techniques. The collected data to monitor and compute the total doses by workers was from a period of eight months (from January 2023 to August 2023). Total of 79 medical occupational health workers were monitored from two different departments (Radiology and Dental Department) comprising 60% in radiology department and 40% from Dental Department. The results Show that the average estimated dose for all departments ranged from 0.39 to 3.92 mSv. The study revealed that workers in radiology department had the highest dose compared to personnel in Dental Department.  Moreover, there are no such risks of radiation dose to occupational health workers, patients and people visiting the two departments. Based on this research, all departments working with ionizing radiation are within the International Standard of 20mSv as stated by ICRP, UNCEAR and they should ensure a strict obedience to such radiation safety practices to protect the occupational health workers, while people living in a vicinity and patients have to be enlightened about harmful effects of radiation to the humankind