832 research outputs found

    Cetacean research in Senegal 1995-97, an overview. Scientific Committee document SC/49/SM10, International Whaling Commission, Bournemouth, UK

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    Historically Senegal is the West-African nation with the best kept faunistical records for cetaceans. We found verifiable evidence for at least 18 species, but limited life history data. Quantified information on interactions with soaring coastal fisheries is wanting. Here we present preliminary results of recent field work in central and central-south Senegal, which aim was to help design a long-term research plan with Senegalese scientists, offer training and reinitiate data collecting.With limited monitoring we encountered evidence of dolphin by-catches but no wide-spread directed dolphin fishery. However the presence of tell-tale conditions including spreading acceptance for consumption of dolphin meat and indications of overexploitation of some fish stocks are known warning signs. Future efforts should cover larger areas and generally be more intensive. Three carcasses of Atlantic hump-backed dolphin Sousa teuszii found on Sangomar island had rope tied around the tailstock. Fishermen at Djifer and Joal-Fadiouth confirmed regular incidental takes and landings. In the Siné-Saloum delta, inshore S. teuszii and T. truncatus are probably the most affected species. Senegal’s EEZ waters support large industrial fisheries which may constitute an additional source of by-caught small cetaceans. We here document 21 new specimen records and a series of sightings. Dolphins occurring in the Casamance river and upstream in the salt-water canals of the Saloum delta are identified as T. truncatus

    Effets du stress salin sur la germination des graines de Gossypium hirsutum L.

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    Objectif : Au Sénégal, la superficie des sols affectés par la salinité augmente d’année en année. Ce phénomène de salinisation entraîne une diminution de la production agricole. Réputé sensible à la salinité, le coton (Gossypium hirsutum) est observé dans des îlots en milieu salé à Fadial, région de Thiès au Sénégal. Afin de contribuer à la clarification du statut halotolérant de Gossypium hirsutum, la germination des graines est étudiée en milieu salé contrôlé et en milieu réel.Méthodologie et Résultats : les graines de Gossypium hirsutum sont semées dans des bacs de germination sur quatre types de substrat (mélange de ¼ de sable, ¼ de terreau et ½ de matière organique) arrosées avec de l’eau salée dont la concentration varie de 0 à 11,68 g.l-1 de NaCl pur et suivie pendant 15 jours avant de procéder aux semis directs sur les tannes ou sols salés sulfatés acides du village de Ndoff (Fatick). Les résultats montrent que la germination est plus favorable sur le substrat. L’application des doses de sel montre que la germination des graines de Gossypium hirsutum est inhibée par le sel car la germination est maximale dans le témoin (0 g.l-1) et diminue avec l’augmentation de la concentration en sel du milieu expérimental. Aucune germination n'a été observée sur les tannes herbeuses et vives tandis que 40 % des graines ont germé sur tanne arbustive en milieu réel.Conclusion et application: l’objectif général de cette étude menée en milieu contrôlé (application des doses de sel) et en milieu réel (tannes) était de montrer les effets du stress salin sur la germination des graines de Gossypium hirsutum. Les graines de Gossypium hirsutum présentent une grande habileté à germer sans sel ou sous des conditions salines de faible concentration. L’augmentation de la concentration en sel ne retarde pas la germination bien qu’elle diminue le taux de germination et réduit le pourcentage final de germination. Le sel est donc un facteur limitant qui se traduit par une inhibition des graines de Gossypium hirsutum.Mots-clés : Fatick, Bambey, Gossypium hirsutum, germination, salinité, NaCl

    Exploring synergies between health and climate services: Assessing the feasibility of providing climate information to women farmers through health posts in Kaffrine, Senegal

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    This report details the results of research undertaken in Kaffrine, Senegal in May and June of 2015, which explored the possibility of utilizing rural health posts as a channel of communication of climate information to female farmers. The hypothesis was that since health posts often aim to reach women and other vulnerable populations in rural areas, and because weather events often pose risks to human health, the health posts may have an interest in weather and climate information and may have the means to communicate this information to rural women. A total of 13 key informant interviews exploring this hypothesis were conducted in the Kaffrine region; nine at health posts, and four at other relevant organizations in the region. The interviewees indicated that all weather and climate information that could impact agriculture could also impact human health, and thus all health post staff interviewed expressed interest both in receiving forecasts and in distributing the information they receive. For example, because health posts organize major community health campaigns about malaria just prior to the rainy season each year, they are interested in receiving the forecasted start date of the rainy season, and in communicating this start date to the residents of their region. Many other examples of climate and human health overlap are explored in this report. Most interviewees indicated that they would prefer to receive climate information through email or text messages, and said that they would distribute the forecasts via the same channels that they utilize to distribute health information. These channels include community meetings, door-to-door visits, women’s association meetings, mosque loudspeakers, radio, television, and posters or other publicly displayed written information. All of these channels have a high probability of reaching women and other vulnerable populations in rural areas. This report details additional channels of communication that could be utilized by organizations in cases where the health posts are unable to communicate climate information

    Osteolipoma: An unusual tumor of the parotid region

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    SummaryPurpose of studyOncology of the parotid region is rich and varied, like its components. During his career, the ENT surgeon may come across such an exceptional tumor as osteolipoma. The aim of this study was to describe the rarity and the etiopathogeny of osteolipoma with parapharyngeal location.Patients and methodWe had the opportunity to find this uncommon tumor in a 21-year-old female patient. The mass located in the parotid region was hard, barely mobile and at first looked like a parotid tumor. Total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation was performed. It revealed a stony and dented tumor inside the internal lobe of the parotid located in the parapharyngeal space between the vertical portion of the mandible anteriorly and the styloid apophyse posteriorly. Macroscopic examination of the piece evidenced a lipomatous mass with hard as bone nodes in its middle. Histology revealed an osteolipoma.ConclusionA review of the literature shows the uncommon occurrence of this type of tumor. A few rare cases were reported among which two involving the parapharyngeal space

    The modified retrosigmoid approach: a how I do it

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    BACKGROUND: The traditional retrosigmoid (RS) approach provides limited exposure of the inferior compartment of the CPA, while radical skull base approaches are demanding and associated with significant morbidity. METHODS: This study outlines the relevant surgical anatomy and the different surgical steps of a modified retrosigmoid (MRS) approach. RESULTS: The MRS provides enhanced exposure of the CPA and deep vascular structures resulting from a modified RS craniotomy and limited exposure of the sigmoid sinus. CONCLUSION: In selected posterior fossa lesions, this cisternal approach is a straightforward corridor that can be routinely performed as a safe alternative to radical cranial base approaches

    Espèces Végétales Négligées et Sous-Utilisées en Afrique de l’Ouest : Traits Morphologiques, Conservation et Dissémination des Graines de Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig (Sapindaceae) Suivant les Zones Agro-écologiques du Bénin

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    Blighia sapida est une espèce très domestiquĂ©e au BĂ©nin et dont les fruits riches sur le plan nutritionnel sont utilisĂ©s pour des raisons alimentaire, phytothĂ©rapeute et cosmĂ©tique. MalgrĂ© son niveau de domestication, l’espèce se trouve aujourd’hui dans une situation de rĂ©gression progressive dans les agro-forĂŞts. Cette dernière, dont les causes majeures pourraient ĂŞtre la sĂ©lection de provenances moins performantes et l’usage des semences de mauvaises qualitĂ©s dues Ă  la viabilitĂ© très limitĂ©e dans le temps des graines de Blighia sapida si elles ne sont pas bien conservĂ©es. Face Ă  ce flĂ©au, au fil des gĂ©nĂ©rations, les communautĂ©s locales ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des connaissances endogènes sur des techniques de conservation moins couteuses ayant rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© leurs utilitĂ©s dans le processus de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de l’espèce. Cette Ă©tude a portĂ© sur la caractĂ©risation des traits morphologiques des graines de Blighia sapida, ses pratiques de conservation et de dissĂ©mination suivants les rĂ©gions agro Ă©cologiques du BĂ©nin. Pour cela, il a Ă©tĂ© procĂ©dĂ© Ă  la sĂ©lection dans chaque phytodistrict, des arbres sur lesquels des fruits murs ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©coltĂ©s puis mis en sachet Ă©tiquetĂ© et conservĂ© dans un sac glacière muni de gels rĂ©frigĂ©rants. Avec l’usage d’un pied Ă  coulisse et d’une balance Ă©lectronique de prĂ©cision, les paramètres morphomĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s sur les graines extraites des fruits. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© qu’au BĂ©nin, sur le plan statistique, il n’y’a pas de variabilitĂ© significative des graines entre les provenances Ă©tudiĂ©es. Cependant, la provenance nord a obtenu les meilleurs rĂ©sultats sur le poids (59,36g±14,68), l’épaisseur (16,136mm±2,671) et la largeur (20,658mm±2,965) des graines. Ces dernières rĂ©coltĂ©es en saison sèche, peuvent ĂŞtre conservĂ©es au soleil, Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante ou parfois enfouis sous le sol pour une durĂ©e comprise entre 10 et 30 jours. D’après les communautĂ©s locales, B. sapida se rĂ©gĂ©nère naturellement (82,5%) ; nĂ©anmoins la multiplication par semis de graines (17,5%) se pratique le plus souvent au nord du pays. A la sortie de cette Ă©tude, il s’avère indispensable d’élargir ces activitĂ©s Ă  toutes les zones agro-Ă©cologique du BĂ©nin afin de pouvoir affirmer ou infirmer ces informations et de pouvoir sĂ©lectionner une meilleure semence qui sera destinĂ©e aux programmes de dĂ©veloppement.   Blighia sapida is a highly domesticated species in Benin whose nutritionally rich fruits are used for food, herbal medicine and cosmetics. Despite its level of domestication, the species is now in a situation of gradual regression in agro-forests. The latter, the major causes of which could be the selection of less efficient provenances and the use of poor quality seeds due to the very limited viability over time of Blighia sapida seeds if they are not well preserved. Faced with this scourge, over generations, local communities have developed endogenous knowledge of less expensive conservation techniques that have revealed their usefulness in the regeneration process of the species. This study focused on the characterization of the morphological traits of Blighia sapida seeds, its conservation and dissemination practices following the agro-ecological regions of Benin. For this, trees were selected in each phytodistrict from which ripe fruits were harvested and then put in a labeled bag and kept in a cooler bag fitted with freezing gels. With the use of a caliper and a precision electronic scale, the morphometric parameters were collected on the seeds extracted from the fruits. The results obtained showed that in Benin, statistically, there is no significant variability of the seeds between the provenances studied. However, the northern provenance obtained the best results on the weight (59.36g±14.68), the thickness (16.136mm±2.671) and the width (20.658mm±2.965) of the seeds. The latter, harvested in the dry season, can be stored in the sun, at room temperature or sometimes buried under the ground for a period of between 10 and 30 days. According to local communities, B. sapida regenerates naturally (82.5%); nevertheless, propagation by seed sowing (17.5%) is most often practiced in the north of the country. At the end of this study, it is essential to extend these activities to all the agro-ecological zones of Benin in order to be able to affirm or refute this information and to be able to select a better seed which will be intended for development programs

    Espèces Végétales Négligées et Sous-Utilisées en Afrique de l’Ouest : Traits Morphologiques, Conservation et Dissémination des Graines de Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig (Sapindaceae) Suivant les Zones Agro-écologiques du Bénin

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    Blighia sapida est une espèce très domestiquĂ©e au BĂ©nin et dont les fruits riches sur le plan nutritionnel sont utilisĂ©s pour des raisons alimentaire, phytothĂ©rapeute et cosmĂ©tique. MalgrĂ© son niveau de domestication, l’espèce se trouve aujourd’hui dans une situation de rĂ©gression progressive dans les agro-forĂŞts. Cette dernière, dont les causes majeures pourraient ĂŞtre la sĂ©lection de provenances moins performantes et l’usage des semences de mauvaises qualitĂ©s dues Ă  la viabilitĂ© très limitĂ©e dans le temps des graines de Blighia sapida si elles ne sont pas bien conservĂ©es. Face Ă  ce flĂ©au, au fil des gĂ©nĂ©rations, les communautĂ©s locales ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des connaissances endogènes sur des techniques de conservation moins couteuses ayant rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© leurs utilitĂ©s dans le processus de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de l’espèce. Cette Ă©tude a portĂ© sur la caractĂ©risation des traits morphologiques des graines de Blighia sapida, ses pratiques de conservation et de dissĂ©mination suivants les rĂ©gions agro Ă©cologiques du BĂ©nin. Pour cela, il a Ă©tĂ© procĂ©dĂ© Ă  la sĂ©lection dans chaque phytodistrict, des arbres sur lesquels des fruits murs ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©coltĂ©s puis mis en sachet Ă©tiquetĂ© et conservĂ© dans un sac glacière muni de gels rĂ©frigĂ©rants. Avec l’usage d’un pied Ă  coulisse et d’une balance Ă©lectronique de prĂ©cision, les paramètres morphomĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s sur les graines extraites des fruits. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© qu’au BĂ©nin, sur le plan statistique, il n’y’a pas de variabilitĂ© significative des graines entre les provenances Ă©tudiĂ©es. Cependant, la provenance nord a obtenu les meilleurs rĂ©sultats sur le poids (59,36g±14,68), l’épaisseur (16,136mm±2,671) et la largeur (20,658mm±2,965) des graines. Ces dernières rĂ©coltĂ©es en saison sèche, peuvent ĂŞtre conservĂ©es au soleil, Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante ou parfois enfouis sous le sol pour une durĂ©e comprise entre 10 et 30 jours. D’après les communautĂ©s locales, B. sapida se rĂ©gĂ©nère naturellement (82,5%) ; nĂ©anmoins la multiplication par semis de graines (17,5%) se pratique le plus souvent au nord du pays. A la sortie de cette Ă©tude, il s’avère indispensable d’élargir ces activitĂ©s Ă  toutes les zones agro-Ă©cologique du BĂ©nin afin de pouvoir affirmer ou infirmer ces informations et de pouvoir sĂ©lectionner une meilleure semence qui sera destinĂ©e aux programmes de dĂ©veloppement.   Blighia sapida is a highly domesticated species in Benin whose nutritionally rich fruits are used for food, herbal medicine and cosmetics. Despite its level of domestication, the species is now in a situation of gradual regression in agro-forests. The latter, the major causes of which could be the selection of less efficient provenances and the use of poor quality seeds due to the very limited viability over time of Blighia sapida seeds if they are not well preserved. Faced with this scourge, over generations, local communities have developed endogenous knowledge of less expensive conservation techniques that have revealed their usefulness in the regeneration process of the species. This study focused on the characterization of the morphological traits of Blighia sapida seeds, its conservation and dissemination practices following the agro-ecological regions of Benin. For this, trees were selected in each phytodistrict from which ripe fruits were harvested and then put in a labeled bag and kept in a cooler bag fitted with freezing gels. With the use of a caliper and a precision electronic scale, the morphometric parameters were collected on the seeds extracted from the fruits. The results obtained showed that in Benin, statistically, there is no significant variability of the seeds between the provenances studied. However, the northern provenance obtained the best results on the weight (59.36g±14.68), the thickness (16.136mm±2.671) and the width (20.658mm±2.965) of the seeds. The latter, harvested in the dry season, can be stored in the sun, at room temperature or sometimes buried under the ground for a period of between 10 and 30 days. According to local communities, B. sapida regenerates naturally (82.5%); nevertheless, propagation by seed sowing (17.5%) is most often practiced in the north of the country. At the end of this study, it is essential to extend these activities to all the agro-ecological zones of Benin in order to be able to affirm or refute this information and to be able to select a better seed which will be intended for development programs

    Valorisation des Espèces Négligées et Sous-Utilisées pour la Sécurité Alimentaire : Traits Morphologiques, Conservation et Regénération des Graines de Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig (Sapindaceae) Suivant les Phytodistricts du Bénin

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    Blighia sapida est une espèce très domestiquĂ©e au BĂ©nin et dont les fruits riches sur le plan nutritionnel sont utilisĂ©s pour des raisons alimentaire, phytothĂ©rapeute et cosmĂ©tique. MalgrĂ© son niveau de domestication, l’espèce se trouve aujourd’hui dans une situation de rĂ©gression progressive dans les agro-forĂŞts. Les causes majeures pourraient ĂŞtre la sĂ©lection de provenances moins performantes et l’usage des semences de mauvaises qualitĂ©s dues Ă  la viabilitĂ© très limitĂ©e dans le temps des graines de Blighia sapida si elles ne sont pas bien conservĂ©es. Face Ă  ce flĂ©au, au fil des gĂ©nĂ©rations, les communautĂ©s locales ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des connaissances endogènes sur des techniques de conservation moins couteuses ayant rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© leurs utilitĂ©s dans le processus de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de l’espèce. Cette Ă©tude a portĂ© sur la caractĂ©risation des traits morphologiques des graines de Blighia sapida, ses pratiques de conservation et de dissĂ©mination suivants les rĂ©gions agro Ă©cologiques du BĂ©nin. Pour cela, il a Ă©tĂ© procĂ©dĂ© Ă  la sĂ©lection dans chaque phytodistrict, des arbres sur lesquels des fruits murs ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©coltĂ©s puis mis en sachet Ă©tiquetĂ© et conservĂ© dans un sac glacière muni de gels rĂ©frigĂ©rants. Avec l’usage d’un pied Ă  coulisse et d’une balance Ă©lectronique de prĂ©cision, les paramètres morphomĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s sur les graines extraites des fruits. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ© qu’au BĂ©nin, sur le plan statistique, il n’y’a pas de variabilitĂ© significative des graines entre les provenances Ă©tudiĂ©es. Cependant, la provenance nord a obtenu les meilleurs rĂ©sultats sur le poids (59,36 g ± 14,68), l’épaisseur (16,136 mm ± 2,671) et la largeur (20,658 mm ± 2,965) des graines. Ces dernières rĂ©coltĂ©es en saison sèche, peuvent ĂŞtre conservĂ©es au soleil, Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante ou au frais  pour une durĂ©e comprise entre 10 et 30 jours. D’après les communautĂ©s locales, B. sapida se rĂ©gĂ©nère naturellement (82,5%) ; nĂ©anmoins la multiplication par semis de graines (17,5%) se pratique le plus souvent au nord du pays. A la sortie de cette Ă©tude, il s’avère indispensable d’élargir ces activitĂ©s Ă  toutes les zones agro-Ă©cologique du BĂ©nin afin de pouvoir affirmer ou infirmer ces informations et de pouvoir sĂ©lectionner une meilleure semence qui sera destinĂ©e aux programmes de dĂ©veloppement.   Blighia sapida is a highly domesticated species in Benin whose nutritionally rich fruits are used for food, herbal medicine and cosmetics. Despite its level of domestication, the species is now in a situation of gradual regression in agro-forests. The latter, the major causes of which could be the selection of less efficient provenances and the use of poor quality seeds due to the very limited viability over time of Blighia sapida seeds if they are not well preserved. Faced with this scourge, over generations, local communities have developed endogenous knowledge of less expensive conservation techniques that have revealed their usefulness in the regeneration process of the species. This study focused on the characterization of the morphological traits of Blighia sapida seeds, its conservation and dissemination practices following the agro-ecological regions of Benin. For this, trees were selected in each phytodistrict from which ripe fruits were harvested and then put in a labeled bag and kept in a cooler bag fitted with freezing gels. With the use of a caliper and a precision electronic scale, the morphometric parameters were collected on the seeds extracted from the fruits. The results obtained showed that in Benin, statistically, there is no significant variability of the seeds between the provenances studied. However, the northern provenance obtained the best results on the weight (59.36g±14.68), the thickness (16.136mm±2.671) and the width (20.658mm±2.965) of the seeds. The latter, harvested in the dry season, can be stored in the sun, at room temperature or sometimes buried under the ground for a period of between 10 and 30 days. According to local communities, B. sapida regenerates naturally (82.5%); nevertheless, propagation by seed sowing (17.5%) is most often practiced in the north of the country. At the end of this study, it is essential to extend these activities to all the agro-ecological zones of Benin in order to be able to affirm or refute this information and to be able to select a better seed which will be intended for development programs
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