Performance of floating semi rigid pulverized fly ash stone column / Nazaruddin Abdul Taha

Stone column is among the method commonly used in ground improvement work. Simplicity on installation, cheapest cost and its effectiveness on ground improvement. In this study, Pulverized Fly Ash (PFA) applied as additive material to solve the bulging problem of stone column. Sample of PFA have been used taken from power plant Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah and considered as Class F PFA. In the beginning of study, ten configurations of mixture material (PFA, cement and sand) was proposed to identify the optimum of PFA content. The configurations grouped in two cement content, 10% and 5%. Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) and modified big shear box were conducted to study the behaviour of each configuration before tested on plate load test. From the result obtained found that sample of 70%PFA SC was the highest compressive strength. Meanwhile in direct shear test, 65%PFA was obtains the highest interface shear strength. However, results of interface shear strength for each configuration does not give significant difference. The optimum amount PFA as a filler material was in range 65% to 70%o and for sand was in range 30%o to 40%. Afterward, three configurations from each group 10% and 5% cement content tested on plate load test to observe the performance of sample on treated soft ground. Comparison study was applied on plate load test, six samples of PFA stone column compared with the conventional stone column and untreated soft soil. The result from plate load test shows that by applying additive materials such PFA and cement on conventional stone column have gave a better result two to four times on settlement improvement ratio and bearing capacity ratio. Numerical modelling was conducted using PLAXIS software in 2-Dimensional model. The numerical model has been verified with the experimental results. Four length and two value of area replacement ratio of each configuration were carried out to study the effect on treatment soft ground. From the generated results shows length of column and wide load area play a vital role on improving soft soil. Dimensional analysis method by using Buckingham Pi-Theorem was applied to analyse the results generated from numerical model for empirical equation prediction, six parameters involved for analysis of settlement improvement ratio and coefficient bearing capacity; undrained shear strength of PFA SC and soft soil, area replacement ratio, depth of soil, length and diameter of column. Both of equation prediction for settlement improvement ratio and coefficient bearing capacity have been compared with previous studies for further evaluation

Comparison of Selected Agro-Based Filter Media for Stormwater Quality Improvement

Polluted stormwater has become a severe problem in the environment as the runoff collecting various contaminants before discharged into water bodies, degrading the water quality and risking aquatic life. This study aims to evaluate selected agro-based filter media to treat stormwater through environmental laboratory works. These include kernel shell, coconut husk, coconut shell, durian shell, sugarcane bagasse, and pineapple leaves. The stormwater samples used were collected from a pond in Universiti Malaysia Sabah, whereas the filter column is configured through a combination of 80% of agro-based media and 20% of aggregate. Filter performance is evaluated for turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and ammoniacal nitrogen. Overall, the findings show the potential in utilizing agro-based media, particularly the shell-based media of CS300, KS300, and DS200. Further investigations are recommended to further study the application of agro-based media in improving the quality of stormwate

Analysis of Rainfall Effect on Slope Failure in Sabah

The paper is aimed to characterize the relationship between the landslide events and the critical rainfall intensity-duration from the rainfall analysis. In this study, 10 landslide events that occurred in Ranau, Sabah area between years 2007 to 2015 were investigated and analysed using rainfall threshold based on soil water index (SWI) method. The analysis results showed that both short-intense rainfall (i.e., 1-day) and prolonged antecedent rainfall (i.e., 14, 30-day) played a significant role of the landslide initiations in Ranau, Sabah area. Overall results indicated that this method could simulate the rain infiltration response by the level of soil moisture in the area of landslide

Utilization of response surface methodology and regression model in optimizing bioretention performance

In recent years, the popularity of optimization of bioretention systems through statistical experimental design had increased due to rapid urbanization, which directly impacted the water quality and quantity of stormwater runoff from an increasing area of impervious surface. Experimental design is necessary for developing interaction between two or more responses with various affecting factors. Due to this significant possibility of combining several variables in optimizing experimentation results, statistical analysis is essential to observe the process and optimize the responses data accurately. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is the most commonly used statistical analysis method. There is a wide range of RSM applications from science to industrial practice. The RSM method can handle multiple factors and responses in a short amount of time compared to conventional analysis. Hence, this paper highlights the significance of RSM in optimizing pollutants rate and regulation effects in bioretention cells. From the analytical literature observation, optimization of improved and conventional bioretention system shows positive interaction effect and responses value through various bioretention design factors manipulation. The validity of the regression model also shows adequate results and wellmatched between experimental and statistical predicted values

Comparative study of condition survey investigation on building affected by bridge piling installation

The building rating system enables the assessor to determine the performance of the building based on approved standards. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of the bridge piling installation on the surrounding building, assess the building condition by using approved standards and propose appropriate rehabilitation to the defects. In this study, the condition assessment of a residential building was performed using three (3) standards; CSP 1 Matrix, BARIS and QLASSIC 2006. There is a similarity between the concept of the CSP 1 Matrix and BARIS. However, BARIS has a more detailed score evaluation than CSP 1 Matrix. QLASSIC 2006 covers more specific components that can be evaluated according to Structural, Architectural, Mechanical and Electrical (M&E) and External Works. Based on the CSP 1 Matrix and BARIS analysis, the building is in Fair condition and requires attention for repair works. The data obtained from QLASSIC analysis is 17.44%. This percentage indicates that most of the elements do not comply with the standards from CIBD, and the performance of the building is poor. The causes of the defects are determined, and their respective rehabilitation is discussed. The effects of the Tebobon 3 Bridge construction on the surrounding building are analysed, and the finding shows that the bridge has no significant impact. The data assessed is before visual inspection basis. Hence, the scope of the study shall be expanded by conducting a Destructive Test (DT) and Non-Destructive Test (NDT) on the defects encountered by the building to determine the significance and their level of severity as well as verify the results from visual inspections. This study can also be widened to assess different categories of buildings by using a similar building rating system. So, using these methods, the quality and performance of other types of building categories can be assessed

Main factors of Kota Kinabalu residents tend to use the private vehicle

Kota Kinabalu is the capital city of Sabah which acts as economic and administration centre and fondly known as KK. The migration of people due to wide opportunities has enhanced the population growth drastically. Unexpectedly, this led to the increase of the travel demand. This has been proven as the number of vehicles travelling in and out of the city grows by 8.3% annually by the number of roads grows at a slower rate, causing worst traffic congestion mainly during peak hours. Hence, this study has been conducted in order to determine the relationship between variables and car ownership in Kota Kinabalu, the relationship between variables with the type of vehicles use for travelling in Kota Kinabalu City as well as to study the factor of Kota Kinabalu residents tend to use the private vehicles in Kota Kinabalu City. An online survey being conducted via Google Form to obtain the findings and chi-square test has been done to analyse the data. It is found that the most factors that encourage people to use private vehicles in Kota Kinabalu City are security concerns, hygiene as well as the time and destinations flexibility

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Comparison of Selected Agro-Based Filter Media for Stormwater Quality Improvement

Polluted stormwater has become a severe problem in the environment as the runoff collecting various contaminants before discharged into water bodies, degrading the water quality and risking aquatic life. This study aims to evaluate selected agro-based filter media to treat stormwater through environmental laboratory works. These include kernel shell, coconut husk, coconut shell, durian shell, sugarcane bagasse, and pineapple leaves. The stormwater samples used were collected from a pond in Universiti Malaysia Sabah, whereas the filter column is configured through a combination of 80% of agro-based media and 20% of aggregate. Filter performance is evaluated for turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and ammoniacal nitrogen. Overall, the findings show the potential in utilizing agro-based media, particularly the shell-based media of CS300, KS300, and DS200. Further investigations are recommended to further study the application of agro-based media in improving the quality of stormwate