Integrated Solutions for Daylighting and Electric Lighting: IEA SHC Task 61/EBC Annex 77, Subtask D – Proposal and First Results

The integration of daylight and electric lighting, considering user satisfaction and energy savings potentially can contribute significantly to reduce energy demand for lighting, that represents 18% of global energy demands. This paper presents the work and first results of IEA SHC Task 61/EBC Annex 77 “Integrated Solutions for Daylighting and Electric Lighting: From component to user centered system efficiency”, a joint project activity between the Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) and Energy in Buildings and Communities (EBC). The project deals with the idea that an integrated design approach for the whole system, combining daylighting, electric lighting, the associated lighting controls and the users’ interaction, can achieve higher energy saving than the simple energy-efficient design of single components. First results show the main experience from three completed case studies

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE NEW URBAN AGENDA: THE BRAZIL CASE STUDY

The following analytical exercise wants to provide the reader with a brief introduction into the New Urban Agenda, an international guideline elaborated by UN-Habitat and agreed by all UN member countries, including Brazil. It should off er a broad overview about the context of the document, how the agenda is structured, what the principal appeals for action are, what the interconnections with other international guidelines are, how the agenda should be implemented on the regional & national level as well as what the UN-Habitat wants to achieve with it. The study will subsequently present exemplary the challenges to institutionalize the New Urban Agenda in general, and specifi cally in the context of Brazilian metropolitan. The information obtained in this text was contextualized for the territory of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre / RS, focusing on the approach of sustainable urban development based on the relations between the rural and the urban and the challenges faced by the metropolis of Rio Grande do Sul. The research indicates that the institutional arrangements for metropolitan governance in Brazil do not yet have several structural elements for the application of the guidelines proposed by the NAU, thus hampering the advancement of urban development policies in the country.The following analytical exercise wants to provide the reader with a brief introduction into the New Urban Agenda, an international guideline elaborated by UN-Habitat and agreed by all UN member countries, including Brazil. It should offer a broad overview about the context of the document, how the agenda is structured, what the principal appeals for action are, what the interconnections with other international guidelines are, how the agenda should be implemented on the regional & national level as well as what the UN-Habitat wants to achieve with it. The study will subsequently present exemplary the challenges to institutionalize the New Urban Agenda in general, and specifically in the context of Brazilian metropolitan territories through the approach in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS

Performance Evaluation of Lighting and Daylighting Retrofits: Results from IEA SHC Task 50

AbstractThis article presents some results from a large monitoring campaign performed in 22 buildings around the world as part of International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 50 “Advanced lighting solutions for retrofitting buildings”. This article mainly addresses the work of Subtask D, which aims to demonstrate sound lighting retrofit solutions in a selection of representative, typical Case Studies. In order to evaluate the Case Studies, a monitoring protocol was developed to assess the overall lighting performance taking into consideration: 1) Energy use, 2) Retrofit costs, 3) Photometric assessment, and 4) User assessment. The monitoring was carried out from June 2014 to December 2015 in 22 non-residential buildings in ten countries. This article presents results from selected Case Studies, drawing conclusions regarding retrofit solutions as well as reflecting on methodological procedures for the measurements and data collection. Measured data as well as key conclusions from Subtask D will be summarized in an electronic web and portable sourcebook at the end of the IEA Task 50 (December 2015), which will be freely available through the Internet

IEA SHC Task 61 / EBC Annex 77: Integrated Solutions for Daylighting and Electric Lighting - Subtask A: User perspective and requirements. A.3 Personas

The consumption of energy for lighting in buildings depends very much on the way people interact with the build environment. In this study the following building types were studied, office, school, university, commercial and industry buildings. For each building type typical user groups were identified. Then, Personas have been created for each group. As opposed to describing users with numbers and statistics, a single Persona reflects a group and is presented with a narrative. The Persona has a name, a family and living conditions that are representative for the group, also her/his values and interests are not uncommon. The Personas “typical day” includes a time schedule typical for the group. Visual conditions are common for the group, but some specific challenges connected to the visual conditions that may occur in the group are also mentioned. Personas were created using one of the three methods: interview at the working or learning place, workshop at the working place, and internet survey which was used in the time of pandemic lock-down. Those methods are described in the chapter 2 Methodology and evaluated based on the authors experience, chapter 9 Conclusions. Chapters 3-7 presents Personas for the offices, schools, university buildings, commercial buildings, and industry buildings. In the chapter 8 Home office personas, student and professional, are presented. The report ends with the description of energy consumption calculation that applies Lumen method which is based on the use of a Coefficient of Utilization (CU). CU computes the fraction of lamp lumens that directly reach the workplane and the fraction from interreflections. The boundary conditions of use of the respective buildings, based on the results from literature review and interviews with users, are also presented, table 2

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Condicionantes solares como princípio orientador da forma urbana: Estudo de caso contextualizado no Distrito Federal

A forma urbana interfere no acesso dos edifícios à energia solar, o que influencia os níveis de radiação (irradiância), iluminação natural (iluminância) e potencial de produção energética, sendo necessário, portanto, considerar o aproveitamento da energia solar no desenho urbano. O estudo objetiva otimizar formas urbanas para o aproveitamento da energia solar em edifícios, considerando-se maximizar irradiância na cobertura e, ao contrário, minimizar irradiância e obter nível satisfatório de iluminância nas fachadas. Aplica-se à Região Administrativa do Gama (Distrito Federal), submetida à Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo (Luos). O método proposto é uma simplificação de Martins, Adolphe e Bastos (2014) e inclui a classificação de formas urbanas no ArcGIS; a definição e o cálculo do desempenho solar de 67 cenários, com DIVA e Grasshopper; e análises de iluminância e irradiância com vistas a otimizar formas urbanas. Os resultados mostram dificuldade em atingir níveis satisfatórios de iluminância em lotes pequenos, próximos e com alta taxa de ocupação. Obtiveram-se sete formas urbanas otimizadas, o que evidencia a necessidade de revisão dos parâmetros da Luos. Conclui-se sobre a relevância do desenho dos lotes (tamanho, afastamentos, orientação) e sua integração com os parâmetros de ocupação (taxa de ocupação e número de pavimentos). O método utilizado demonstrou-se viável para otimizar formas urbanas quanto à energia solar e à iluminação natural, podendo ser replicado em outras condições

Condicionantes solares como princípio orientador da forma urbana: Estudo de caso contextualizado no Distrito Federal

A forma urbana interfere no acesso dos edifícios à energia solar, o que influencia os níveis de radiação (irradiância), iluminação natural (iluminância) e potencial de produção energética, sendo necessário, portanto, considerar o aproveitamento da energia solar no desenho urbano. O estudo objetiva otimizar formas urbanas para o aproveitamento da energia solar em edifícios, considerando-se maximizar irradiância na cobertura e, ao contrário, minimizar irradiância e obter nível satisfatório de iluminância nas fachadas. Aplica-se à Região Administrativa do Gama (Distrito Federal), submetida à Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo (Luos). O método proposto é uma simplificação de Martins, Adolphe e Bastos (2014) e inclui a classificação de formas urbanas no ArcGIS; a definição e o cálculo do desempenho solar de 67 cenários, com DIVA e Grasshopper; e análises de iluminância e irradiância com vistas a otimizar formas urbanas. Os resultados mostram dificuldade em atingir níveis satisfatórios de iluminância em lotes pequenos, próximos e com alta taxa de ocupação. Obtiveram-se sete formas urbanas otimizadas, o que evidencia a necessidade de revisão dos parâmetros da Luos. Conclui-se sobre a relevância do desenho dos lotes (tamanho, afastamentos, orientação) e sua integração com os parâmetros de ocupação (taxa de ocupação e número de pavimentos). O método utilizado demonstrou-se viável para otimizar formas urbanas quanto à energia solar e à iluminação natural, podendo ser replicado em outras condições

Framework for assessing integrated solutions for lighting in buildings

Achieving good daylighting and electrical lighting design in buildings to attain both energy savings and benefits for human health remains a challenge. On the one hand, glass façades designed to maximize daylight harvesting and views are sources of glare (Hirning, Isoardi et al. 2013), and adaptive changes made by occupants to achieve visual comfort (e.g. use of blinds, electrical light) increase energy use (Amirkhani, Garcia-Hansen et al. 2018, Pham, Wagdy et al. 2019). On the other hand efficient LEDs have created a rebound effect of increased use of lighting due to the reduce cost, increasing the overall energy use (Kyba, Kuester et al. 2017). While field study research (Williams, Atkinson et al. 2012) has highlighted potential energy savings (18 to 60%) of daylighting/electrical integration strategies such as personal control, daylighting harvesting, occupant sensing, and tuning; others (Gentile, Osterhaus et al. 2019) suggest that user-driven strategies may not always materialize the energy savings, and energy efficiency and user behaviour in the context of integrated lighting needs to be further explored

Lighting designers improve lighting energy performance through user-centred lighting design

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