Determinants of Online Shopping and Customer Satisfaction during Covid 19: An Empirical Evidence from Karachi, Pakistan

Online shopping is gaining popularity in both developed and developing countries during Covid 19. As people feel happy to purchase the products online instead of going to the market due to the execution of lockdown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of online shopping factors like website presentation, product quality, and product price on customer satisfaction. A quantitative type of research was used in order to collect data from the respondents at one point in time-based on their availability. The questionnaire was used for the collection of the data. While the collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The results of the study specified that a positive relationship exists between website presentation, product quality, and product price, and customer satisfaction. Besides, the result of the study revealed a significant positive effect of website presentation, product quality, and product price on customer satisfaction. This study outcome is of significance for marketers to establish a strategy by considering the important factors particularly for online shopping like website presentation, product quality as well as product price because it is crucial for customer satisfaction particularly during a period of Covid 19

Fracture Pattern Analysis of the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene Carbonates along with the Ghumawan Dome, Hazara Basin

Deformational history of the Hazara basin indicates a primitive collision of the two landmasses that undergoes an episodic deformation with NE-SW structural trend. Panjal Thrust (PT) and Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) demarcate the northern and southern extremities of the basin, respectively. The area bounded between these two thrusts is the core consideration of the present research. Different stratigraphic units juxtapose along the Hazara Kashmir Syntaxes (HKS), while the strike-slip component is indicated by imbrication due to thrusts. The study is amied to analyze the paleo-stresses along with developed fracture patterns. Field data were collected via Circle Inventory Method from various localities of the Ghumawan dome, Hazara basin. The zones of upper Cretaceous to Eocene carbonates were mainly targeted during the data collection. Win-Tensor was the key software that helps to analyze the paleo-stresses and fracture pattern of the study area. NW-trending fracture pattern was observed with a highly non-symmetric to dense fracture pattern. The local thrust system lead to severely de-shape the study area. N-S oriented σ1 indicated the compressional tectonic condition that prevailed during deformation of this area. Some segments also show extensional features i.e. normal faulting

Residents’ Perception Of Surgical Theatre Educational Environment At Public Hospitals Of Rawalpindi - A Steem Survey

INTRODUCTION: The experience in the operation theatres is pivotal for surgical education. A measure of the educational environment in the operating room as perceived by residents would assist educators and trainees in gauging the quality of the learning occurring within their institute.     METHODS:  A cross-sectional survey using the surgical theatre educational environment measure (STEEM) 40-item inventory to measure theatre learning environment perception of surgery and allied residents in public sector hospitals of Rawalpindi. Internal reliability of the inventory was assessed using the Cronbach α coefficient. P≤ 0.05 was considered significant.   RESULTS:  107 respondents were included in the study. Mean score of the survey was 133.7± 20.2. No significant differences in perception were found among residents at different stages and gender, except in learning subscale of the inventory for both gender and residents and the teaching and training subscale among residents at different levels. The inventory showed a high internal consistency with a Cronbach α of 0.851.   CONCLUSION: Surgical training and education have still a long way to go in the public sector. Much needed collaborations with education specialist and senior surgeons is required. Interval collection of feedback and perceptions of the educational environment is also necessary

Association between Injections and HIV Incidence

Editors of medical journals accept that published research should be open to comment and correction in published correspondence ([1]; Box 1).“Post-publication peer review” enables comments on, clarifications of, and corrections to published research. All journals should have a correspondence page for this purpose. I previously criticised the effective “statute of limitations” in several leading general medical journals “whereby authors of papers are immune to disclosure of methodological weaknesses once some arbitrar

A Novel Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Using The Mayfly Algorithm for Classification

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Sustainable flame retardant treatment for cotton fabric using non formaldehyde cross linking agent

Most flame-retardant finishing agents have been found to have an adverse effect on our environment and human skin because of the carcinogenic chemicals in their structure. Pyrovatex CP New is an Organophosphorus based flame retardant (FR) agent widely used in FR treatment of combustible. However, the main problem related to it is the release of high formaldehyde content (a known carcinogen). When used with methylated melamine (MM) an effective cross-linker. The objective of this research was to use citric acid (CA) and its integration with sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) and two different co-catalyst Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and phosphoric acid (PA) as a flame‐retardant finishing for cotton fabrics. The flammability of cotton fabric was assessed by a manual vertical flammability test, it is found that the combination of co-catalysts in FR formulation lowers the flammability of cotton. The pyrolysis characteristics and char residue yield of the treated cotton shows that the flame retardancy improves as the amount of catalyst is increased. The whiteness index, crease recovery and tensile strength of the treated cotton fabric was also significantly improved with our suggested recipe formulation. The finished cotton has significant variations in terms of its tensile strength, crease recovery, and whiteness index

The assessment of water purification quality characteristics (WPQC), water quality index (WQI), and their measurement techniques, arid region of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Drinking water quality is essential for public health. With the aid of the water quality index, the current research investigation aimed to monitor the quality of drinking water and assess the action of water purification plants in the surrounding areas of PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (WQI). A total of 150 water samples be situated gathered from 20 water purification plants. The pH, EC, TDS, free chlorine turbidity, total hardness, cations (Na, K, Ca, and Mg), anions (Cl, HCO3, SO4, NO3, and F), manganese, iron, and total hardness of drinking water were all analyzed. In terms of the assessed physicochemical character, the results showed that purified water was acceptable for consumption. The overall water purification efficacy for reducing total dissolved salts and related anions and cations was greater than 90%. TDS levels in groundwater averaged 1919 ± 806 mg/L but were reduced to 119 ± 32.9 mg/L in purified water. According to the water quality index, all filtered water samples were of high drinking quality (class I). Meanwhile, due to many dissolved salts, 80.6 percent of the contaminated groundwater sample was of poor drinking quality (class III), and 10.9 percent was of extremely poor drinking quality (class IV). Groundwater filtration improved the water quality from extremely low to poor (classes III and IV) to good (class I

Proximal Actuation of an Elastically Loaded Scissors Mechanism for the Leg Design of a Quadruped Robot

Spring Loaded Pantographs (SLPs) are frequently used in designing lightweight limbs for multi-legged robots. Quadruped robots that incorporate cable-pulled SLP legs have proven to be agile, robust and capable of conserving energy during their gait cycle. In such designs, the extension of the distal segments via the knee joint is dependent upon the length of the cable. In this article we propose the use of an Elastically Loaded Scissors Mechanism (ELS Mechanism or ELSM), which is a variant of the SLP. Driven by ’pulling’ onto the proximal joint of the scissors as opposed to the distal joint, this proposed leg utilizes the increased mechanical advantage of the scissors mechanism to ’amplify’ input angles to larger output displacement by the knee joint. Analysis and Simulations reveal that the proposed mechanism achieves increased motion speed as compared to the SLP mechanism. This, however, comes at the cost of higher load on the actuator which serves as an engineering trade-off. This is validated by experimentation using motion capture and load motor techniques of the SLP and ELS configurations in a physical quadruped robot

Lessons and implications from a mass immunization campaign in squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan: an experience from a cluster-randomized double-blinded vaccine trial [NCT00125047]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and logistic feasibility of a mass immunization strategy outside the local immunization program in the pediatric population of urban squatter settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A cluster-randomized double blind preventive trial was launched in August 2003 in 60 geographic clusters covering 21,059 children ages 2 to 16 years. After consent was obtained from parents or guardians, eligible children were immunized parenterally at vaccination posts in each cluster with Vi polysaccharide or hepatitis A vaccine. Safety, logistics, and standards were monitored and documented. RESULTS: The vaccine coverage of the population was 74% and was higher in those under age 10 years. No life-threatening serious adverse events were reported. Adverse events occurred in less than 1% of all vaccine recipients and the main reactions reported were fever and local pain. The proportion of adverse events in Vi polysaccharide and hepatitis A recipients will not be known until the end of the trial when the code is broken. Throughout the vaccination campaign safe injection practices were maintained and the cold chain was not interrupted. Mass vaccination in slums had good acceptance. Because populations in such areas are highly mobile, settlement conditions could affect coverage. Systemic reactions were uncommon and local reactions were mild and transient. Close community involvement was pivotal for information dissemination and immunization coverage. CONCLUSION: This vaccine strategy described together with other information that will soon be available in the area (cost/effectiveness, vaccine delivery costs, etc) will make typhoid fever control become a reality in the near future