Una propuesta de asignatura para la Ingeniería del Software Orientada a Objetos

En la mayoría de los planes de estudio de la Ingeniería Informática, los temas de orientación a objetos suelen incluirse de forma aislada dentro de las asignaturas de Ingenieria del Software, complementando así la visión del alumno con respecto a los sistemas tradicionales. La creciente utilización de herramientas O.O, unida a las interesantes características que posee este tipo de sistemas y al poco énfasis que se hace del ciclo de vida de aplicaciones orientadas a objetos dentro de los planes de estudio actuales, nos ha movido a ofertar una materia “Desarrollo de sistemas orientados a objetos”, que intentamos abarque los aspectos de OO que no son tratados con suficiente profundidad en las asignaturas obligatorias de Ingeniería del Software

Una experiencia en la docencia de Ingeniería del Software orientada a objetos

En las próximas líneas describimos nuestra experiencia en la docencia de una asignatura de Ingeniería del software Orientada a Objetos después de haberla impartido durante el curso 98/99, Como es sabido, la Ingeniería del software es una de las materias que ha aumentado más su contenido en los nuevos planes de estudio de las diversas carreras de Informática, tanto a nivel de ingeniería técnica como superior. Debido a causas que explicaremos a continuación, la asignatura que propusimos como optativa para los alumnos de Informática de la Uex, tuvo que transformarse en un curso. de perfeccionamiento. En los párrafos siguientes explicamos nuestra experiencia, y las conclusiones que sacamos para aplicar en el curso 99/00

Documentación de componentes: una aproximación basada en diagramas de secuencia

Los rápidos cambios que experimentan las reglas de negocio asociadas a las empresas, hacen que por una parte se incremente el número de nuevas soluciones software a construir, mientras que por otro lado aumente el tiempo y dinero destinado a la evolución de los sistemas existentes. La falta de información sobre el comportamiento preciso de los componentes utilizados dificulta la evolución de los sistemas desarrollados. De esta manera, añadir un nuevo componente o sustituir uno existente plantea problemas derivados por las nuevas interacciones que se dan para integrarlo en un sistema en funcionamiento.Palabras clave: componentes software, escenarios, reutilización, mantenimiento de sistemas, diagramas de paso de mensajes, autómatas

Panel sobre la enseñanza de la Ingeniería del Software

Presentamos el conjunto de 5 asignaturas que en nuestro centro están relacionadas con la Ingeniería del Software: Corresponden a 3, 4, y 5. curso, de las tres carreras que se imparten. Nos interesa resaltar la problemática que tenemos debido a la división de las asignaturas que presenta el plan de estudios, el solapamiento de contenidos, y la diferente consideración que tienen las asignaturas según la carrera en la que se curse, con el consiguiente problema en los cursos altos sobre conocimientos que tienen los alumnos en cursos anteriores

Monitoring of miR-181a-5p and miR-155-5p Plasmatic Expression as Prognostic Biomarkers for Acute and Subclinical Rejection in de novo Adult Liver Transplant Recipients

Background and Aims: News strategies for the accurate assessment of the state of immunosuppression (IS) in liver transplant recipients are needed to prevent rejection and minimize drug-related side effects. miRNAs can potentially be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in transplant patients. This study evaluated the capacity of a plasmatic miRNA panel (miR-155-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-181a-5p, and miR148-3p) as an early non-invasive prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for T cell-mediated acute rejection (TCMAR) and subclinical rejection (SCR) in adult liver recipients.Methods: A total of 145 liver recipients were included. All patients received a calcineurin inhibitor with or without mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone. Plasmatic miRNA expression was assessed by qPCR before and at different time-points after liver transplantation.Results: Seventeen patients experienced TCMAR, and eight were diagnosed with SCR during the protocol biopsy at the 3rd month post-transplantation. Pre-transplantation, miR-155-5p expression was significantly higher in TCMAR patients and in SCR patients than in non-rejectors, and miR-181a-5p expression was also significantly higher in SCR patients than in non-rejectors. Post-transplantation, before transaminase-level modification, significantly increased miR-181a-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-122-5p expression was observed in TCMAR and SCR patients. Binary logistic regression analyses showed, post-transplantation, that TCMAR risk was better predicted by individual expression of miR-181a-5p (LOGIT = −6.35 + 3.87*miR-181a-5p), and SCR risk was better predicted by the combination of miR-181a-5p and miR-155-5p expression (LOGIT = −5.18 + 2.27*miR-181a-5p+1.74*miR-155-5p).Conclusions: Pre-transplantation plasmatic miR-155-5p expression may be useful for stratifying low-immunologic-risk patients, and post-transplantation miR-181a-5p and miR-155-5p may be candidates for inclusion in early, non-invasive prognostic biomarker panels to prevent TCMAR or SCR and better identify patient candidates for IS minimization. Large prospective randomized multicenter trials are needed to refine the cut-off values and algorithms and validate the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers

Component documentation: An approach based on sequence diagrams

Los rápidos cambios que experimentan las reglas de negocio asociadas a las empresas, hacen que por una parte se incremente el número de nuevas soluciones software a construir, mientras que por otro lado aumente el tiempo y dinero destinado a la evolución de los sistemas existentes. La falta de información sobre el comportamiento preciso de los componentes utilizados dificulta la evolución de los sistemas desarrollados. De esta manera, añadir un nuevo componente o sustituir uno existente plantea problemas derivados por las nuevas interacciones que se dan para integrarlo en un sistema en funcionamiento. Este artículo presenta una herramienta que partiendo de los diagramas de secuencia y demás información obtenida en la fase de Análisis y Diseño, permite mejorar el conocimiento de los servicios de los componentes utilizados y de sus interacciones con el entorno en donde se utiliza. Así mismo, se estudia la posibilidad de agregación o sustitución, individual o mediante la utilización de conjuntos de componentes que cooperen para adaptarse a los nuevos requisitos del sistema. Con todo ello, se pretende minimizar los posibles problemas de integración de nuevos componentes en un sistema software.The rapid changes experienced by the business rules associated with companies, They mean that, on the one hand, the number of new software solutions to be built increases, while on the other hand, the time and money allocated to evolution increases. of existing systems. Lack of accurate behavioral information of the components used hinders the evolution of the developed systems. From In this way, adding a new component or replacing an existing one poses problems derived from the new interactions that occur to integrate it into a functioning system. This article presents a tool that, starting from the diagrams of sequence and other information obtained in the Analysis and Design phase, allows to improve the knowledge of the services of the components used and their interactions with the environment in which it is used. Likewise, the possibility of aggregation or substitution, individually or through the use of sets of components that cooperate to adapt to new system requirements. With all this, it is intended minimize the potential problems of integrating new components into a system software

Monitoring of miR-181a-5p and miR-155-5p Plasmatic Expression as Prognostic Biomarkers for Acute and Subclinical Rejection in de novo Adult Liver Transplant Recipients.

Background and Aims: News strategies for the accurate assessment of the state of immunosuppression (IS) in liver transplant recipients are needed to prevent rejection and minimize drug-related side effects. miRNAs can potentially be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in transplant patients. This study evaluated the capacity of a plasmatic miRNA panel (miR-155-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-181a-5p, and miR148-3p) as an early non-invasive prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for T cell-mediated acute rejection (TCMAR) and subclinical rejection (SCR) in adult liver recipients. Methods: A total of 145 liver recipients were included. All patients received a calcineurin inhibitor with or without mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone. Plasmatic miRNA expression was assessed by qPCR before and at different time-points after liver transplantation. Results: Seventeen patients experienced TCMAR, and eight were diagnosed with SCR during the protocol biopsy at the 3rd month post-transplantation. Pre-transplantation, miR-155-5p expression was significantly higher in TCMAR patients and in SCR patients than in non-rejectors, and miR-181a-5p expression was also significantly higher in SCR patients than in non-rejectors. Post-transplantation, before transaminase-level modification, significantly increased miR-181a-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-122-5p expression was observed in TCMAR and SCR patients. Binary logistic regression analyses showed, post-transplantation, that TCMAR risk was better predicted by individual expression of miR-181a-5p (LOGIT = -6.35 + 3.87*miR-181a-5p), and SCR risk was better predicted by the combination of miR-181a-5p and miR-155-5p expression (LOGIT = -5.18 + 2.27*miR-181a-5p+1.74*miR-155-5p). Conclusions: Pre-transplantation plasmatic miR-155-5p expression may be useful for stratifying low-immunologic-risk patients, and post-transplantation miR-181a-5p and miR-155-5p may be candidates for inclusion in early, non-invasive prognostic biomarker panels to prevent TCMAR or SCR and better identify patient candidates for IS minimization. Large prospective randomized multicenter trials are needed to refine the cut-off values and algorithms and validate the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers

Endoscopic management of bile leaks after liver transplantation: An analysis of two high-volume transplant centers

Bile leak after liver transplantation (LT) is commonly treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); however, there are limited data regarding the optimal treatment strategy

Endoscopic management of bile leaks after liver transplantation: An analysis of two high- volume transplant centers

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166247/1/ueg2bf00797.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166247/2/ueg2bf00797-sup-0001.pd

Everolimus plus minimized tacrolimus on kidney function in liver transplantation: REDUCE, a prospective, randomized controlled study

Background and aim: reduction in calcineurin inhibitor levels is considered crucial to decrease the incidence of kidney dysfunction in liver transplant (LT) recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and impact of everolimus plus reduced tacrolimus (EVR + rTAC) vs. mycophenolate mofetil plus tacrolimus (MMF + TAC) on kidney function in LT recipients from Spain. Methods: the REDUCE study was a 52-week, multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label, phase 3b study in de novo LT recipients. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) 28 days post-transplantation to receive EVR + rTAC (TAC levels <_ 5 ng/mL) or to continue with MMF + TAC (TAC levels = 6-10 ng/mL). Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), clinical benefit in renal function, and safety were evaluated. Results: in the EVR + rTAC group (n = 105), eGFR increased from randomization to week 52 (82.2 [28.5] mL/min/1.73 m2 to 86.1 [27.9] mL/min/1.73 m2) whereas it decreased in the MMF + TAC (n = 106) group (88.4 [34.3] mL/min/1.73 m2 to 83.2 [25.2] mL/min/1.73 m2), with significant (p < 0.05) differences in eGFR throughout the study. However, both groups had a similar clinical benefit regarding renal function (improvement in 18.6 % vs. 19.1 %, and stabilization in 81.4 % vs. 80.9 % of patients in the EVR + rTAC vs. MMF + TAC groups, respectively). There were no significant differences in the incidence of acute rejection (5.7 % vs. 3.8 %), deaths (5.7 % vs. 2.8 %), and serious adverse events (51.9 % vs. 44.0 %) between the 2 groups. Conclusion: EVR + rTAC allows a safe reduction in tacrolimus exposure in de novo liver transplant recipients, with a significant improvement in eGFR but without significant differences in renal clinical benefit 1 year after liver transplantation