Crecimiento de renovales de Drimys winteri después de 16 años de aplicados distintos tratamientos de raleo en las cordilleras de los andes y de la costa en Chile

Secondary Drimys winteri forests are among the most common and productive forests in south-central Chile. However, their management has been scarce or many times inadequate due to lack of silvicultural knowledge. In 1986 and 1990 three field experiments were installed; one in the Coastal range of the province of Ranco (40° 09' S) and two in the Andean range of the province of Llanquihue (41° 30' S), to evaluate the effects of different intensities of thinning on the growth and mortality of 28-year-old Drimys winteri secondary forests. After 16 and 10 years of evaluation, great differences were observed among treatments within and between the three experiments. In Hueicoya (Coastal Range) plots thinned at a distance of 3 m had the highest productivity. In Lenca A (Andean Range) the high mortality rates due to windfalls in the plots with trees spaced at 3 and 4 m caused the control plots to have the highest productivity rates. In Lenca B (Andean Range) plots thinned at 2.5 m distance between trees had no significant differences with control plots. At an equal thinning intensity the responses were very different among experiments. We discuss that site quality, residual composition, exposure to winds and rooting characteristics may have influenced these results. In general, it is recommended to thin at 25-45% residual densities (2-3 m distance between trees at the age of thinning of 9-12 cm quadratic stand diameter), but always depending on the risk of windfall

Multi-filter transit observations of WASP-39b and WASP-43b with three San Pedro M\'artir telescopes

Three optical telescopes located at the San Pedro M\'artir National Observatory were used for the first time to obtain multi-filter defocused photometry of the transiting extrasolar planets WASP-39b and WASP-43b. We observed WASP-39b with the 2.12m telescope in the U filter for the first time, and additional observations were carried out in the R and I filters using the 0.84m telescope. WASP-43b was observed in VRI with the same instrument, and in the i filter with the robotic 1.50m telescope. We reduced the data using different pipelines and performed aperture photometry with the help of custom routines, in order to obtain the light curves. The fit of the light curves (1.5--2.5mmag rms), and of the period analysis, allowed a revision of the orbital and physical parameters, revealing for WASP-39b a period ($4.0552947 \pm 9.65 \times 10^{-7}$ days) which is $3.084 \pm 0.774$ seconds larger than previously reported. Moreover, we find for WASP-43b a planet/star radius ($0.1738 \pm 0.0033$) which is $0.01637 \pm 0.00371$ larger in the i filter with respect to previous works, and that should be confirmed with additional observations. Finally, we confirm no evidence of constant period variations in WASP-43b.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted in PASP, scheduled for the February 1, 2015 issu

No evidence that selection for egg production persistency causes loss of bone quality in laying hens

ERANET grant BBSRC BB/M028291/1Swedish Research Council Formas 2014-01840ARN (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria) 291815European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) CA15224UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/P013759/

Grapevine leaf uptake of mineral elements influenced by sugar foam amendment of an acidic soil

The use of sugar foam (industrial waste from sugar beet extraction) as an acidic soil (raña) liming agent has been studied in a singular winegrowing region. The contents of the major elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, Mg, S, Si) and trace elements (As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hf, La, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr) in the original soil, the amended soil and in grapevine leaves has been measured by X-ray fluorescence. The addition of sugar foam modified the agronomic properties of the original soil. The amendment caused a slight increase in major elements (Ca, 10.4 g·kg-1; Mg, 1.9 g·kg-1 and K, 12.9 g·kg-1) and decreased Al (from 62 to 57.8 g·kg-1) and Fe (from 41.2 to 26.5 g·kg-1) content. Regarding trace elements, there was an increase in levels of Ba, Rb and Sr in the amended soil in comparison to the original soil. The major elements that accumulated in the vine leaf were Ca, Mg and S (Biological Absorption Coefficient, BAC, greater than 1). As for trace elements in leaf, Ba and Sr had a "medium" BAC (0.27 and 0.8, respectively) whereas Rb had a "slight"value (0.08). It is worth noting that the bioaccumulation rate of Zn was greater than 1. The use of sugar foam as a liming agent did not have a negative effect on the absorption of major and trace elements in vine leaves and led to improved BAC values for essential elements in the grapevine. The treatment did not increase the amount of trace elements in the soil above the reference levels for the region.

Soil and leaf mineral element contents in mediterranean vineyards: bioaccumulation and potential soil pollution

The study reported here concerns the geochemical distributions of macro- and trace elements (including potentially toxic elements, PTEs) in the vineyard soils of Alcubillas, which is one of the oldest, albeit not world-renowned, wine-growing areas in La Mancha (Central Spain). Soil and leaf samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to ascertain the levels of various elements in the soil and the plant. The potential toxicity of the elements was assessed with regard to the development of the vineyard. Despite the fact that fertilizers and pesticides are employed in the vineyards in this area, the results showed that the levels of trace elements in the soil samples did not exceed the reference values according the pedogeochemical values for the region and Spain. This finding suggests that the study area is not polluted, and therefore, there are hardly any traces of anthropogenic contamination. The Biological Absorption Coefficient (BAC) was calculated to assess the assimilation of various elements from the soil to the leaves, and differences were found in the element absorption capacity of the vines. Some elements were not taken up by Vitis vinifera despite elements like Zr and Rb being present in relatively high concentrations in the soil. The production in these soils does not represent a threat to human health or the ecosystem, because the farmers in this area are extremely careful to preserve the environment and they only farm to achieve moderate yields of grapes per hectar

Comparación de la percepción social en playas recreativas arenosas de dos bahías localizadas en el Pacífico Mexicano

En el presente trabajo se desarrollaron dos formatos de encuesta, para incorporar la percepción de los usuarios a la evaluación de la calidad de las playas (Cervantes, 2006 y Silva-Iñiguez, 2006); ambos basados en un modelo cuantitativo para revelar la percepción social de las playas localizadas en la bahía de Santiago, Manzanillo, Col (MZO) y en Acapulco, Gro (ACA). Se aplicaron un total de 790 encuestas (ACA: 390 y MZO: 400), que permitieron conocer el perfil de los usuarios, sus hábitos de recreación y sus opiniones sobre las condiciones biofísicas y de infraestructura de cada playa. En ambas playas la mayoría prefirieron asistir acompañados por sus familias; las principales actividades recreativas fueron nadar, descansar, comer y beber. En general las demandas en ambos sitios coincidieron con incrementar el número de botes de basura, la frecuencia en el servicio de recolección y limpieza, baños y regaderas. Las razones por la que los usuarios seleccionaron la playa a visitar fueron la seguridad y vigilancia, así como las características biofísicas de la misma. La incorporación de esta información a modelos y/o esquemas de evaluación y gestión de playa (a través de índices ambientales) permitió realizar la valoración integral de la playa.In this paper it was developed two survey formats, to include the perception of users on the assessment of the quality of the beaches (Cervantes, 2006 and Silva-Iñiguez, 2006), both based on a quantitative model to reveal the social perception of the beaches on Santiago Bay, Manzanillo, Col (MZO) and Acapulco, Guerrero (ACA). We did a total of 790 surveys (ACA: 390 and MZO: 400), which allowed the user profile, recreation habits and their views on the biophysical and infrastructure of each beach. In both beaches, most people, attended with their families, the main recreational activities were swimming, resting, eating and drinking. In general the demands on both sites agreed to increase the number of waste baskets, the frequency of collection service and cleaning bathrooms and showers. The reasons why the users selected to visit the beach were the safety and security, as well as the biophysical characteristics of the same. Incorporating this information to models and / or evaluation schemes and beach management (through environmental ratings) allowed the comprehensive assessment of the beach

Modelos Proxy, alternativa para reducir los tiempos de cómputo durante la simulación numérica

La simulación numérica de yacimientos es una herramienta que ha venido evolucionando de la mano de la industria petrolera, su objetivo fundamental es predecir el comportamiento de un yacimiento dado y posteriormente encontrar el escenario óptimo para aumentar la recuperación de hidrocarburos. Sin embargo, los estudios de simulación numérica pueden llegar a ser muy costosos por factores como: tamaño de la grilla y la robustez del estudio a realizar (asociado a mayores tiempos de cómputo y de análisis de resultados); además del tiempo que implicaría llegar a evaluar los múltiples escenarios posibles para definir la mejor estrategia de explotación. Es por esta razón, que los ingenieros de yacimientos se apoyan en herramientas estadísticas para aplicar los estudios de simulación numérica orientados al ajuste histórico, análisis de sensibilidad, análisis de incertidumbre, predicción y estrategias de optimización de producción. Dentro de estas herramientas estadísticas se encuentran los Modelos Proxy, los cuales surgen como alternativa para reducir los tiempos de cómputo en estudios de imulación numérica que no requieran un alto grado de exactitud en sus resultados. Este artículo busca contextualizar al lector sobre el significado de los modelos proxy y su utilidad durante los estudios de simulación numérica de yacimientos, además de presentar un ejemplo de aplicación.The reservoir simulation is a tool which had been evolving at the same time than the petroleum industry; its main purpose is to predict the behavior of a reservoir and afterward finding the optimum scenario in order to increase the oil recovery. However, numerical simulation studies could be very expensive because factors such as grid size and detail of the study to develop (It is associated to long computational and analysis times). Furthermore the time it would take to evaluate multiple possible scenarios to define the best exploration strategy. For this reason, field engineers use statistical tools during numerical simulation studies oriented to history match, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis, optimization and forecasting. One of these statistical tools is the Proxy model, it appears as an alternative to reduce computational times which does not need a high accuracy grade in the results. This article looks for a reader contextualization about the meaning of Proxy model and its value during reservoir simulation studies, and also to present an application study

Validation of the Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) with the OGTT in Health Care Practices in Europe

Aims: /hypothesis. To determine the best cut-off threshold value of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FIN-DRISC) for the detection of diabetes and non-diabetic hyperglycaemia in people 35 years or older at primary health care settings in Europe. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 11,444 adults from primary health care centres using community and opportunistic screening approaches. All participants completed the FIN-DRISC questionnaire and underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The FIN-DRISC performance was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden acute accent s index, posi-tive and negative prediction values for different FINDRISC cut-offs were calculated. Results: The optimal FINDRISC value for detecting both diabetes or glucose impairment in the community -screened sample was 14 point with the associated AUC 0.75,5 (95 %CI 0.73,7-0.77,3). The optimal score in the opportunistic screening sample was 16 with the associated AUC only 0.60,4 (95% CI 0.56, 4-0.64, 4). Conclusions/interpretation: The FINDRISC is a non-invasive tool useful for detecting people with unknown diabetes and glucose impairment in people visiting primary health centres in Europe. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe