Improvement of fire reaction and mould growth resistance of a new bio-based thermal insulation material

In the present paper, the performance of an innovative thermal insulation rigid board is evaluated in terms of fire behaviour and fungal resistance. The board is based on vegetal pith and a natural gum (corn pith and sodium alginate) and it is completely compostable. This new composite was developed in previous work. Here boric acid, aluminium hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate are used as fire retardants and montan wax, acetic acid and lactic acid are used as water repellent and fungicides respectively. Interactions between these different treatments is investigated. Both flaming and smouldering combustion processes of the different formulations are evaluated by small-scale techniques which include pyrolysis microcalorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. A medium-scale device is also designed in order to study the impact of the different additives to the smouldering kinetics. Fire behaviour tests show that good improvement is obtained, both in flaming and smouldering combustion when boric acid is added. Although smouldering is not avoided in any case, the addition of 8% of boric acid or aluminium hydroxide slows down the speed of combustion propagation. The effect of the different additives on the moisture content and mould growth at 97% RH and 27 °C is analysed. Under such severe conditions none of the additives is able to prevent mould growth, with the exception of boric acid. None or marginal mould growth was observed on samples containing 8% of boric acid although moisture content was higher than the other cases.Peer ReviewedPreprin

The Teaching-Learning Process of English from a Different Approach

Reflexión Crítica sobre dos de los proyectos realizados durante el Máster de Formación de Profesorado, relacionándolos con el período de prácticas en un instituto de Educación Secundaria

Effects of intake of heated mixtures of glucose-lysine and glucose-methionine on bone calcium

During food thermal treatment Maillard's reaction may occur, which implicates mainly the carbonyl groups of reductory sugars and amino protein groups. Maillard's reaction products (MRP) may interfere with mineral bioavailability because of modifications of their physical-chemical moiety in the food or the lumen, disrupting the absorption process or its normal metabolism. In this study, we sought to investigate MRP influence on issues related to Ca bioavailability in vitro and in vivo. Equimolar mixtures of glucose-lysine (GL) and glucose-methionine (GM) (40% moisture) were heated at 150º C for 90 minutes (samples GL90 and GM90, respectively). In vitro solubility was measured by additioning each samples to a 3.75 mM Ca solution at intestinal pH and ionic strength; after shaking and centrifugation, soluble and insoluble calcium was determined. Three percent of GL90 and GM90 were individually added to the AIN93-G diet to obtain D-GL90 and D-GM90 diets. Three Wistar rats groups were fed for 21 days with both diets and with AIN93-G as control, carrying out calcium balance during last week and extirpating various organs after sacrifice. GM90 did not affect calcium solubility; GL90 reduced it slightly, remaining in both cases more than 94% soluble. D-GL90 and D-GM90 did not modify calcium bioavailability, with as effective usage as with the control diet (57.6 ± 1.3%, 57.8 ± 2.3% and 63.9 ± 2.6% in control diet, D-GL90 and D-GM90, respectively). MRP intake produced, however, metabolic changes that decreased bone calcium, accumulating compensatorily in other organs.Peer reviewe

La inconstitucionalidad de la sanción a la elusión fiscal: una revisión crítica de sus fundamentos

After the incorporation of the administrative infringement in the supposed of conflict in the application of the tax norm, the Spanish General Tax Act has incorporated an administrative infringement regulated in its article 206 bis. Thus, it is needed to examine, in first place, the adaptation of this figure to the principles of the Administrative Law Penalties, which according to the consolidated doctrine of the Constitutional Court corresponding to the criminal principles, applied in a nuance form. In addition, beyond the constitutionality problems that the rule can present, it is needed to determine, in second place, if the fine to the tax avoidance, a priori, is unconstitutional. This means analyze if, independently of the specific regulation of the administrative infringement, the penalty is not compatible with the constitutional requirement. Even more, if the fine of the article 206 bis would be abolished, the tax Administration could be able to fine to the tax payer, because the 34/2015 Act, of 21 of September, has eliminated the expression in the article 15.3 GTA that excluded the penalty. Therefore, it is fundamental to analyze in a critique approach, the fundaments that are given to affirm that the Constitution does not allow to fine the tax avoidance. Also, it is needed to specify if the requirements of the prior definition of criminal principle are compatible with the regulation of an administrative illicit that punishes the tax avoidance assumption.Tras la incorporación de la infracción administrativa en los supuestos de conflicto en la aplicación de la norma tributaria regulada en el artículo 206 bis de la LGT, surge la necesidad de realizar un examen que determine, en primer lugar, la adecuación de este ilícito a los principios del derecho administrativo sancionador que, según la doctrina consolidada del Tribunal Constitucional, corresponden a los principios penales aplicados de manera matizada. Más allá de los problemas de constitucionalidad que la norma pueda presentar, en segundo lugar, es necesario establecer si la sanción a supuestos de elusión fiscal es a priori inconstitucional, esto es, si independientemente de la configuración que el legislador efectúe de la infracción administrativa en un momento concreto, la misma no es compatible con las exigencias constitucionales. Tal estudio es necesario ya que, incluso si se derogase el ilícito del artículo 206 bis, de todos modos la Administración tributaria podría sancionar al contribuyente, pues la Ley 34/2015, de 21 de septiembre, eliminó la exclusión de la sanción del artículo 15.3 de la LGT. Por ello, resulta imprescindible analizar críticamente los fundamentos en los que se basa la inadmisibilidad constitucional de la sanción y precisar si las exigencias derivadas del principio de tipicidad son compatibles con la regulación de un ilícito que castigue supuestos de elusión

Erosión y crisis de la vida universitaria. Palabras e imágenes de las y los estudiantes sobre su formación en el Grado de Maestro/a

El texto describe parte del desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación que indaga en las imágenes y percepciones que las y los estudiantes de Grado de Maestro/a proyectan de la Universidad a partir de su experiencia formativa. Analiza la relación entre institución universitaria y vida universitaria atendiendo al modo en que las y los estudiantes hablan de cómo experimentan su relación con el saber, con el aprendizaje y de cómo viven y han vivido las relaciones humanas e institucionales

Reactividad de las diazaquinonas con 1-vinilcicloalquenos y con dienos etilen aromáticos

Tesis - Universidad Complutense de Madrid.Fac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEProQuestpu

Effectiveness of opioid maintenance programs for treating drug dependence in prisons

Objetivos: Evaluar la efectividad del programa de mantenimiento con opioides en el tratamiento de su dependencia en prisiones españolas. Material y método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Cochrane, IBECS, LILACS y HealthCare. Se eligieron preferentemente todos aquellos ensayos clínicos, así como artículos de revisión sistemática y algún artículo que se consideró relevante por su contenido. El periodo de tiempo se limitó entre enero de 2011 y noviembre de 2021. El idioma de búsqueda fue: inglés, español y catalán. Se rechazaron los artículos repetidos y los que no tuvieron rela- ción con los objetivos. Los criterios de búsqueda fueron: methadone AND prisons; opiate substitution treatment AND prisons; methadone AND buprenorphine; methadone OR buprenorphine; prisons AND Methadone AND buprenorphine. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados 20 artículos de 647 consultados, tras la aplicación de los filtros correspondientes y tras des- cartar los artículos duplicados. Discusión: Se evidenció una ligera mayor efectividad de la buprenorfina frente a la metadona. Se destacó una elevada prevalencia del programa, así como variedad de efectos adversos de la metadona. Su utilidad sobre el comportamiento obtiene disparidad de opiniones. Se anuncia la posibilidad de nuevas alternativas de tratamiento con un mejor control farmacológico.Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of opioid maintenance programs in treating opioid dependence in Spanish pri- sons. Material and method: A narrative bibliographic review was carried out on the following databases: PubMed; Cochrane; IBECS; LILACS; HealthCare. All clinical trials were chosen as a preference, along with systematic review articles and some articles that were considered relevant for their content. The time period was limited to between January 2011 and November 2021. The languages chosen were English, Spanish and Catalan. Repeated articles and those that were not re- lated to the objectives were rejected. The search criteria were: “methadone AND prisons”; “opiate substitution treatment AND prisons”; “methadone AND buprenorphine”; “methadone OR buprenorphine”; “prisons AND Methadone AND buprenorphine”. Results: 20 articles were selected out of 647 items consulted after applying the corresponding filters and after discarding duplicates. Discussion: There was a slightly greater effectiveness of buprenorphine versus methadone. The high prevalence of the pro- gram was highlighted, as well as the variety of adverse effects of methadone. Usefulness with regard to inmates’ behavior showed a range of opinions. The possibility of new treatment alternatives with better pharmacological control is mentioned

Characterization of the fire behaviour of tropical wood species for use in the construction industry

It is widely acknowledged that wood is a combustible and flammable material. However, not all woods have the same fire behaviour; this can change significantly depending on the type and species of wood. Usually, hardwoods have better fire behaviour in comparison with softwoods. This is often due to their physical structure (morphology), their density and hardness and also their moisture content. However, in some cases the main cause is their chemical composition. Some tropical woods with relatively low density present better fire behaviour than other with high density. This indicates that other aspects such as the content of extracts, exudates (oils, waxes, mucilage, tannins etc.) and minerals can greatly influence their fire performance. In this study, seven Mexican tropical wood were characterized in order to determine their fire behaviour. For this purpose, an extensive series of laboratory tests were conducted. The results show a different behaviour in all the species studied, in some cases, with very significant differences. It is observed that although there is some correlation between high density and hardness of the species and their good fire behaviour, these factors are not always determinant. In some species, other factors as anatomy and composition of wood are more relevant to achieve a better fire behaviour.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Calibración del coeficiente de rugosidad del flujo en un canal abierto mediante análisis experimental y numérico

El coeficiente de rugosidad es un parámetro de difícil cuantificación en los modelos de flujo de lámina libre basados en aproximaciones de aguas poco profundas. Se utiliza para cuantificar la pérdida de energía del flujo por rozamiento. Habitualmente, en condiciones turbulentas, suele asociarse un valor único de rugosidad a cada material del lecho. En este trabajo se desea evaluar la dependencia del coeficiente de rugosidad con el caudal y con la configuración geométrica del cauce.<br /