Monitoring microbiological response to antituberculosis therapy by Real-Time PCR

-Background: M. tuberculosis grows slowly and requires several weeks to detect in clinical specimens using standard culture techniques. Messenger RNA is more rapidly destroyed in cells than rRNA or genomic DNA, assays that target mycobacterial mRNA better reflect mycobacterial viability. Therefore we evaluated performance of mRNA for monitoring response to antituberculosis therapy using Real-Time PCR. Methods: Sputum specimens from 29 tuberculosis patients confirmed by positive culture were included in this study. Sputum specimens were collected before therapy, at 1" week, 4* week, 8th week and 16th week after initiating antituberculosis therapy to evaluate acid-fast bacilli (AFB), culture and mRNA level. Results: All 29 specimens were positive for culture and mRNA before initiating tuberculosis chemotherapy. Within 29 samples confirmed by positive culture, only 22 (75.9%) patients were positive by AFB. After 8 and 16 weeks of therapy, 27 (93.1%) and 28 (96.5%) were negative by culture, 26 (89.6%) and 28 (96.5%) were negative results for mRNA, and 15 (51.7%) and 29 (100%) were negative results for AFB. Conclusion: Rapidly decline of mRNA level correlated with rapid culture clearance after an ti-tuberculosis therapy

Nurses’ Perceptions and Expectations on The Implementation of Career Ladder in Public Hospitals in Makassar

Introduction: Nurses as professionals must provide services in accordance with the competence and authority possessed either individually or as part of a hospital team. Thus, there is a need to manage the resources of nursing  such as the professional career development system for nurses. The study aimed to identify the perception and expetation of the nurses on the implementation of career ladder in two hospitals in Makassar city. Method: This research used quantitative method with the cross sectional design. There were 105 nurses from Hasanuddin University Hospital and 212 nurses from Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital involved as samples in this study. The samples were chosen using the disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected through questionnaires to find out the nurse perception including some open ended  question to explore the nurses expectation from this career ladder program.  The data were  analyzed using descriptive statistic and mann-whitney to seee the differences perception between the groups. Result: The result revealed although that mean of perception about the implementation of career ladder in two hospitals are considered good (m=3.70 dan m=3.94), there was differences of nurses perception in both hospitals (p=0.00). Conclusions: Meanwhile, the result of open-ended questions about nurses' expectation about the implementation of the career ladder emphasized that there should  be a schedule for training for their professional improvement. Evaluation for further assessment for higher levels of career ladder also considered important for the nurses in both hospitals. Furthermore, the rewards or incentives for the nurses received shold be appropriate according to the career levels. In conclusion, the implementation of career ladder program in both hospitals have been considered good, however, the hospitals need to support the nurses and pay attention to factors that could influence the nurses satisfaction of the program

Polyherbal Extract (Soy, Brown Rice and Coconut Water) Improves Endothelial Damage in Diabetes Mellitus Through Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Progenitor Cells

This study aims to investigate the effects of poliherbal extract (soybeans, brown rice and coconut water) in repairing endothelial damage in diabetes mellitus through oxidative stress modulation and endothelial progenitor cells. A total of thirty Wistar rats will be divided into five study groups (n= 6 each), including the control group (without any treatment), the diabetic mouse rats group, the diabetic mouse rats administered various dosage poliherbal extracts (0.067 grams/200 grams body weight 0.135 gram/200 gram of body weight, or 0.270 gram/200 gram body weight). Giving poliherbal was done for 28 days. MDA and SOD levels in serum were analyzed by spectrophotometric technique.The amount of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The MDA levels was increased in the diabetes mellitus group compared to the control group. Poliherbal lowered levels of MDA than diabetes mellitus group. There was a decrease in SOD levels in the diabetes mellitus group compared to controls. Provision of poliherbal extract increased levels of SOD compared to diabetes mellitus group. The number of circulating endothelial cells increased in the diabetes mellitus group compared with the control group, this increase can be suppressed by all groups given the poliherbal extract. There was an increase in the number of endothelial progenitor cells in the diabetes mellitus group compared with the control group. The higher the dose of the extract given the lower the number of endothelial progenitor cells. It was concluded that the administration of poliherbal extract could inhibit oxidative stress and endothelial damage in diabetic mellitus rats through modulation of SOD antioxidants as well as modulation of endothelial progenitor cells

ELEVATED UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS

Strategies for schizophrenic treatment still have been developed in order to increase their effectively, based on latest findings in the etio-pathology. Coincidence of hyperbilirubinemia, especially related to Gilbert’s Syndrome (GS), and schizophrenia/other psychiatric disorders, was reported in several studies although the pattern of this alteration is still controversial.  Bilirubin could induce microglia to release pro-inflammatory cytokine that cause neuroinflammation, one of hypothetic etio-pathogenesis has been the most extensively studied recently. However, no data have been presented about this phenomenon in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate plasma bilirubin concentration in psychotic spectrum.This study is cross sectional design that we examined both the total bilirubin and direct bilirubin of every psychotic patient admitted for the first time to Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah (RSKD) Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan over a period of July—December 2012, by using health people as control. Diagnostic determination was set based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10. Patients suffering from any disease such as anemia (decreased hemoglobin), liver diseases (elevated liver enzymes), or substance abuse were excluded.            From 73 samples, we found that plasma UCB level was significantly elevated, higher in psychotic patients, especially schizophrenic group, than in the control. Total bilirubin rate was slightly increased in schizophrenic group compare to the others and two samples in this group showed hyperbilirubinemia. Further investigations are needed to ensure that whether the elevated UCB was related to GS and whether this condition has inflammatory effect

Test of Ethanolextract Red Gedi Leaves (Albelmoschus Manihot.(L.) Medik) in White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The research aimed to examine the red gedi leaveethanol extrack on the blood glucose content, insulin, and HOMA-IR of diabetes mellitus type 2 the rats induced by a high cholesterol food and fructose

Correlation Between Compensation and Work Satisfaction With Nurses’ Performance Through Motivation in Bethesda Public Hospital of Tomohon

Introduction: Compensation provided by hospital and job satisfaction of nurses can affect the performance of nurses. The research aimed to analyze the correlation between compensation and work satisfaction with nurses’ performance through motivation in inpatient room of Bethesda Publik Hospital of Tomohon. Method: The method used is analytic observational approach with cross sectional study. The number of sample were of 50 respondents. The methods of obtaining the data were questionnaire with Likert scale and observation of nurses’ performance with Guttman scale. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis by means of frequency distribution table and cross tabulation with chi square. Results: The research indicate that compensation has a correlation with work load (p=0.003), motivation (p=0.040), and nurses’ performance (p=0.001). Work satisfaction has a correlation with motivation (p=0.002) and nurses’ performance (p=0.000). Motivation has a correlation with nurses’ performance (p=0.013). Conclusion: The management of the hospital should pay attention to compensation given and nurses’ work satisfaction, so the nurses are more motivated to carry out services in a professional nursing care in order that more optimal nurses’ performance

Test of Ethanolextract Red Gedi Leaves (Albelmoschus Manihot.(L.) Medik) in White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The research aimed to examine the red gedi leaveethanol extrack on the blood glucose content, insulin, and HOMA-IR of diabetes mellitus type 2 the rats induced by a high cholesterol food and fructose

Pseudomonas Putida E16 16 SRNA Potential as Enzyme-Producing Bacteria

seudomonas putida strain E16 16S Ribosomal RNA is identified molecularly as bacterial symbiont spesies of macroalga Sargassum polycystum which produce L-Asparaginase (E.C.3.5.1.1), levels of optimum fermentation time and substrate concentration are 48 hours and 10g/L respectively, 60-80% Fraction is The Highest L-Asparaginase Activity (2,03 IU/ml). Gel filtration chromatography sefadeks G-100 has a purity level of 11.505 compared to the crude extract which continued to CM-Sephadex C50 ion-exchange chromatography, the pure L-Asparaginase of fraction 28 have purity level of 197.112 compared to crude extract

The Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Protein on Salmonella typhi infection in acute recurrent cases in endemic area in Eastern Indonesia

The host susceptibility mechanisms such as Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) is involved in the modulation of macrophage function and may possibly correlate with immunity disease including the severity of typhoid fever symptoms. The study aimed to assess the VDR Protein expression in the serums of recurrent acute typhoid fever (RATF) patients and compares it with typhoid fever (TF) patients, and healthy persons (HP). The study employed 30 RATF patients and 30 TF patients selected from primary health centres and hospitals in Eastern Indonesia as the endemic area. All the samples were obtained from several health centers in South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, East Kalimantan and Papua and then collected in the sample bank  Biology Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University. As a comparison, 30 samples of healthy persons were also selected from the Blood Transfusion Unit in Makassar, South Sulwesi Indonesia. The profile of VDR Protein was analyzed with Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). VDR protein content data on RATF and TF were designed according to completely randomized design T test. Subsequently, it correlated to Pearson correlation to determine the interaction between Widal titre and VDR protein levels. A comparison between Widal titre and VDR Protein level was also made to identify the correlation. It was found that the mean of VDR protein expression of RATF was 13,44 ng/mL, the mean of VDR protein expression of TF was 24,88 ng/mL, and the mean of VDR protein expression of HP was 43,49 ng/mL. The correlation results between RATF-TF Widal titre and VDR protein level indicated a negative correlation with p-value of 0,004. There were significant differences in the VDR expression in the RATF, TF, and HP. RATF VDR expression lower than TF and HP and there was also a correlation between Widal titre with VDR Protein expression.The host susceptibility mechanisms such as Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) is involved in the modulation of macrophage function and may possibly correlate with immunity disease including the severity of typhoid fever symptoms. The study aimed to assess the VDR Protein expression in the serums of recurrent acute typhoid fever (RATF) patients and compares it with typhoid fever (TF) patients, and healthy persons (HP). The study employed 30 RATF patients and 30 TF patients selected from primary health centres and hospitals in Eastern Indonesia as the endemic area. All the samples were obtained from several health centers in South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, East Kalimantan and Papua and then collected in the sample bank  Biology Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University. As a comparison, 30 samples of healthy persons were also selected from the Blood Transfusion Unit in Makassar, South Sulwesi Indonesia. The profile of VDR Protein was analyzed with Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). VDR protein content data on RATF and TF were designed according to completely randomized design T test. Subsequently, it correlated to Pearson correlation to determine the interaction between Widal titre and VDR protein levels. A comparison between Widal titre and VDR Protein level was also made to identify the correlation. It was found that the mean of VDR protein expression of RATF was 13,44 ng/mL, the mean of VDR protein expression of TF was 24,88 ng/mL, and the mean of VDR protein expression of HP was 43,49 ng/mL. The correlation results between RATF-TF Widal titre and VDR protein level indicated a negative correlation with p-value of 0,004. There were significant differences in the VDR expression in the RATF, TF, and HP. RATF VDR expression lower than TF and HP and there was also a correlation between Widal titre with VDR Protein expression

Expression Analysis of mRNA Interleukin-8 and (mRNA) Monocytes Chemo Attracting Protein-1 (mRNA MCP-1) in Bruise Age Determination

The number of incidents of injuries in the hospital for a criminal case requires examination report including wound age in accordance with Article 133 Criminal Procedure Code. This study aims to determine the bruise age of the wound through mRNA expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA in body bruises. Using qPCR techniques: extraction of mRNA of IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA from blood samples by the method of Boom. Results showed differences in mRNA expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in healthy bodies (ie 8.70 and 12.74 Log Log). There is an increased expression of mRNA of IL-8 and MCP-1 gradually by the age of the wound 14 hours, 28 hours and 34 hours for mRNA expression of IL-8, while 28 hours and 34 hours for mRNA expression of MCP-1. There are variations in mRNA expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA in each age group wound. This suggests that there are several other factors that affect mRNA expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 is not yet known, so further research is still needed