Survey on the Occurrence of Viruses Infecting Cucurbits in YOGYAKARTA and Central Java

Cucurbits are grown throughout the Java Island as dry season crops. Plants having mosaic, mottling, chlorosis and leaf distortion symptoms were frequently found in most of the cucurbit fields during the survey which conducted in Central Java including Sleman, Kulon Progo, and Klaten during July–September 2000 and 2001. Using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA); Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV) were found infecting cucurbits. CMV was widespread, infecting 48.9% of the samples tested followed by CGMMV (12.8%) and KGMMV (6.4%), while others samples (31.9%) were not tested, double infections were common with 8.5 % of the samples being infected with two viruses (CGMMV and KGMMV) and 34% with three viruses (CMV, CGMMV, and KGMMV). Severe mosaic and mottle symptoms were associated most often with single infection of CGMMV and KGMMV respectively. In addition, these are the first detections of CGMMV and KGMMV infecting cucurbit plants in Indonesia.Tanaman labu-labuan umumnya tumbuh sepanjang musim kemarau diPulau Jawa. Tanaman labu-labuan dengan gejala mosaik, klorosis, mottling dan bentuk daun serta buah yang berubah banyak dijumpai selama survei yang dilakukan di Kulon Progo, Sleman dan Klaten pada bulan Juli sampai September tahun 2000 dan 2001. Deteksi menggunakan metode double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) telah berhasil mengetahui keberadaan dan infeksiCucumber mosaic virus(CMV),Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) dan Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV) pada tanaman labu-labuan di tiga kabupaten tersebut. CMV menginfeksi tanaman labu-labuan tinggi yaitu 48,9% dari jumlah sampel tanaman yang dikoleksi, kemudian CGMMV (12,8%) dan KGMMV(6,4%), sedangkan sebanyak 14 sampel tanaman (31,9%)tidak dideteksi.Infeksi ganda banyak ditemukan dan 8,5 % sampel tanaman terinfeksi oleh dua jenis virus (CGMMV dan KGMMV) sedangkan 34% sampel tanaman terinfeksi oleh tiga jenis virus (CMV, CGMMV, dan KGMMV). Gejala mosaik dan mottling sering terjadi pada tanaman labu-labuan yang terinfeksi ganda oleh CGMMV dan KGMMV. Hasil penelitian merupakan deteksi pertama CGMMV dan KGGMV pada tanaman labu-labuan di Indonesia

パキスタン ニ ハッセイ シタ トマトマキバビョウ ヲ ヒキオコス タンイツゲノムセイ ベゴモヴィルス オヨビ ベータサテライトノ カンセンショウ クローン ニ ヨル カンセンショウ カイセキ

インドのワタに壊滅的な被害をもたらす単一ゲノム性 Begomovirus 属ウイルスである Cotton leaf curl Rajasthan virus(CLCuRaV)がパキスタンの Faisalabad で栽培されるトマト(Solanum lycopersicum)から,DNA サテライト[CLCuRaB-(PK:Sβ2:07)]とともに分離され,CLCuRaV-(PK:SA1:07)と同定された。両者の感染性クローン(CLCuRaV^tomato および CLCuRaB^tomato)を構築し,Agrobacterium GV3101 系統に形質転換した。CLCuRaV^tomato を Nicotiana benthamiana とトマトに,単独で,あるいは,CLCuRaB^tomato と共接種したところ,3反復おこなった CLCuRaV^tomato 単独接種実験では,N. benthamiana 36株中 3株のみで非常に軽微な病徴を呈し,トマトには感染が認められなかった。しかし,サテライトDNA感染性クローン CLCuRaB^tomato との共接種によると,N. benthamiana では100%の感染が認められ激しい病徴を呈し,トマトでは穏やかな病徴ではあるが 70-80%の感染が認められた。CLCuRaB^tomato の存在により CLCuRaV^tomato の病徴が N. benthamiana およびトマトにおいて激化した。これにより,トマトから分離したワタのウイルスであるCLCuRaV^tomato の実験用宿主 N. benthamiana と野外宿主トマトにおける感染性を実験的にはじめて確認した。Cotton leaf curl Rajasthan virus (CLCuRaV), a monopartite begomovirus causing devastating losses of cotton crop in India, was isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) along with DNA satellite (CLCuRaB^tomato) and characterized in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Infectious clones of CLCuRaV^tomato and CLCuRaB^tomato were produced and transformed into Agrobacterium strain GV3101. A partial tandem re peat construct of CLCuRaV^tomato was inoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants alone and/or with CLCuRaB^tomato. CLCuRaV^tomato alone produced very mild symptoms in N. benthamiana plants, whereas tomato plants showed no symptoms by inoculation with CLCuRaV^tomato in the absence of CLCuRaB^tomato. In N. benthamiana plants 100% infection followed by severe symptoms was observed while in tomato plants 70-80% infection with mild symptoms was observed on coinoculation with CLCuRaV^tomato and CLCuRaB^tomato. Symptoms severity of CLCuRaV^tomato increased in the presence of CLCuRaB^tomato in N. benthamiana and tomato plants. Here we demonstrated the first experimental pathogenicity analysis of a cotton virus isolated from tomato plants both in N. benthamiana and tomato plants

In Search of HPA Axis Dysregulation in Child and Adolescent Depression

Dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in adults with major depressive disorder is among the most consistent and robust biological findings in psychiatry. Given the importance of the adolescent transition to the development and recurrence of depressive phenomena over the lifespan, it is important to have an integrative perspective on research investigating the various components of HPA axis functioning among depressed young people. The present narrative review synthesizes evidence from the following five categories of studies conducted with children and adolescents: (1) those examining the HPA system’s response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST); (2) those assessing basal HPA axis functioning; (3) those administering corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) challenge; (4) those incorporating psychological probes of the HPA axis; and (5) those examining HPA axis functioning in children of depressed mothers. Evidence is generally consistent with models of developmental psychopathology that hypothesize that atypical HPA axis functioning precedes the emergence of clinical levels of depression and that the HPA axis becomes increasingly dysregulated from child to adult manifestations of depression. Multidisciplinary approaches and longitudinal research designs that extend across development are needed to more clearly and usefully elucidate the role of the HPA axis in depression

Effects of male postpartum depression on father-infant interaction: the mediating role of face processing

It is estimated that postpartum depression affects up to 25% of men. Despite such high prevalence, the majority of studies on postpartum depression are focused on mothers, and the role of paternal depression and its effects on infant development have been overlooked by researchers and clinicians. The present study aimed to fill this gap by investigating the effect of paternal postpartum depression on father–infant interactions. In addition, we examined whether differences in face recognition mediated the effects of paternal postpartum depression on father–infant interactions. A total of 61 father–infant dyads (17 postpartum depression, 44 controls) took part in the study. Results revealed that compared to controls, fathers with postpartum depression had a worse pattern of interaction with their infants on measures of responsiveness, mood, and sensitivity; they also had greater difficulty in recognizing happy adult faces, but greater facility in recognizing sad adult faces. Depressed fathers attributed greater intensities to sad adult and infant faces. The tendency to attribute greater intensity to sad adult faces was confirmed as a partial mediator of the effect of paternal postpartum depression on measures of father responsiveness and as a full mediator of the effects of paternal depression on father sensitivity. Clinical implications and suggestions for further studies are discussed

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology (2021) 166:3567–3579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05266-wIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. Part of this work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001030), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030).S

2021 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

peer reviewedIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and mended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, yriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and ammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/ or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV