a.e. Convergence of TT means with respect to Vilenkin systems of integrable functions

In this paper we derive converge of $T$ means of Vilenkin-Fourier series with monotone coefficients of integrable functions in Lebesgue and Vilinkin-Lebesgue points. Moreover, we discuss pointwise and norm convergence in $L_p$ norms of such $T$ means.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.11836. substantial text overlap with arXiv:2101.09196 by other author

Diritto di soggiorno ed accesso ai benefici sociali per i cittadini europei : verso il superamento della crisi? Riflessioni a margine della recente sentenza Florea Gusa della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione europea

In the Flore Gusa judgement the European Union Court of Justice stated that an EU citizen who, after more than one year, has ceased to work in a self-employed capacity in another Member State because of an absence of work owing to reasons beyond his control retains the status of self-employed person and, consequently, a right to reside in that Member State. This judgement represents a step forward compared to that Dano. After the judgement Florea Gusa, the rules of secondary legislation (directive 2004/38/CE) are once again used as instruments of social integration and promotion of intra-European mobility of nationals of the Member States

Modernist Aesthetics: Sexual Ethics, Gender Relations, and Respective Moments of Epiphany

Reconsidering the significance of the enigmatic literary category of epiphany to modernist fiction, this thesis investigates and identifies its interdependence with the topics of sexual ethics and gender relations within the corpus of James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916), Ulysses (1922), and Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway (1925) and To the Lighthouse (1927). Therefore, this research aims to analyse the ‘blurred’ concept of epiphany as an epicentre of modernist aesthetics and to establish the moments of sublime insights as a constitutive element in achieving ‘truths’ about the particularly acute issues within contemporary society. I argue that, in these novels, all the instances of epiphanies represent a medium for expressing the protagonists’ transcendental/metaphysical experiences that provide a new sense of awareness of human sexuality and re-evaluate the established relationships between sexes. For this purpose, I investigate and contrast the ecstatic moments experienced by the female and male protagonists and examine to what extent James Joyce and Virginia Woolf incorporate epiphanic moments in their narrative. Additionally, I explore if it is a particularly plausible model in breaking the traditional gender roles. By doing so, I detect that the primary purpose of an epiphany is to unmask, go beyond the basic patterns and discover a new and systematic understanding of already established phenomena. I will use a qualitative research methodology for the thematic and content analysis and engage with it through gender and narrative theory. Ultimately, this paper endeavours to prove that the aspects of gender and sexuality represented by the cognitive phenomena of epiphany show the ambitious project of Modernism as a critique of what has been marginalised by the mainstream

The European Public Prosecutor’s Office between counter-terrorism and strengthening of the European citizens’ safety

The European Union needs to be provided with appropriate instruments to face the recent challenges regarding the fight against transnational terrorism, and especially after the facts of Paris in 2015 and of Brussels in 2016. The need is to go beyond the simple emergency measures and to establish a stable mechanism. These serious offences, although carried out on the territory of a single Member State, develop through a preparation process distributed on that of more Member States and non-EU countries. The executing authors are not only citizens of third countries, but more and more often they are EU citizens. Europol and Eurojust, the two agencies responsible for the improvement of the cooperation among the competent authorities in terrorism matters of the Member States have failed so far, thus demonstrating that something more than ancillary bodies is needed. There is a need to create a leading European mechanism in the fight against terrorism. For these reasons, the creation of a European Public Prosecutor’s Office is urgent, one that is able to start investigations on a European basis, facilitate the exchange of information among investigating authorities for evidence purposes in criminal proceedings, prevent and combat terrorist offences with effective actions. The current proposal under discussion in the Council provides the possibility that the European Public Prosecutor’s Office could only act on financial offences and it regulates the creation of a decentralised structure, composed of a central Office and Delegated European Public Prosecutors in the single Member States. As regards the investigative action, a shared and priority competence is provided over the ones of the national prosecutor offices. In addition, the project contains a clause for minimum guarantee regarding the right to defence, strengthening the rights of suspect European citizens and of other involved parties. The legal basis used for the establishment of the EPPO, Article 86 TFEU, provides under paragraph 4 the possibility to extend the competences of the Office to the inclusion of other serious transnational offences, among which there are certainly acts of terrorism. The idea that the territory of the Union, or at least of the Member States which will join the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO), can be considered as a whole judicial area for investigative purposes on offences within its jurisdiction, and that an exclusive European judicial authority can investigate there, should be seen as an opportunity for an effective response to terrorist threats. Despite this, in the analysis of the current proposal for the establishment of the EPPO, it does not seem plausible to think that it can also deal with these serious offences. Actually, the Member States are opposing this possibility and try to face the terrorism challenges by locking themselves behind national borders. On the contrary, the provision of a competence concerning the fight against these serious offences will provide the Union with an important instrument and will improve the security of the EU citizens

Information and optimisation in investment and risk measurement

The thesis explores applications of optimisation in investment management and risk measurement. In investment management the information issues are largely concerned with generating optimal forecasts. It is difficult to get inputs that have the properties they are supposed to have. Thus optimisation is prone to 'Garbage In, Garbage Out', that leads to substantial biases in portfolio selection, unless forecasts are adjusted suitably for estimation error. We consider three case studies where we investigate the impact of forecast error on portfolio performance and examine ways of adjusting for resulting bias. Treynor and Black (1973) first tried to make the best possible use of the information provided by security analysis based on Markovitz (1952) portfolio selection. They established a relationship between the correlation of forecasts, the number of independent securities available and the Sharpe ratio which can be obtained. Their analysis was based on the assumption that the correlation between the forecasts and outcomes is known precisely. In practice, given the low levels of correlation possible, an investor may believe himself to have a different degree of correlation from what he actually has. Using two different metrics we explore how the portfolio performance depends on both the anticipated and realised correlation when these differ. One measure, the Sharpe ratio, captures the efficiency loss, attributed to the change in reward for risk. The other measure, the Generalised Sharpe Ratio (GSR), introduced by Hodges (1997), quantifies the reduction in the welfare of a particular investor due to adopting an inappropriate risk profile. We show that these two metrics, the Sharpe ratio and GSR, complement each other and in combination provide a fair ranking of existing investment opportunities. Using Bayesian adjustment is a popular way of dealing with estimation error in portfolio selection. In a Bayesian implementation, we study how to use non-sample information to infer optimal scaling of unknown forecasts of asset returns in the presence of uncertainty about the quality of our information, and how the efficient use of information affects portfolio decision. Optimal portfolios, derived under full use of information, differ strikingly from those derived from the sample information only; the latter, unlike the former, are highly affected by estimation error and favour several (up to ten) times larger holdings. The impact of estimation error in a dynamic setting is particularly severe because of the complexity of the setting in which it is necessary to have time varying forecasts. We take Brennan, Schwartz and Lagnado's structure (1997) as a specific illustration of a generic problem and investigate the bias in long-term portfolio selection models that comes from optimisation with (unadjusted) parameters estimated from historical data. Using a Monte Carlo simulation analysis, we quantify the degree of bias in the optimisation approach of Brennan, Schwartz and Lagnado. We find that estimated parameters make an investor believe in investment opportunities five times larger than they actually are. Also a mild real time-variation in opportunities inflates wildly when measured with estimated parameters. In the latter part of the thesis we look at slightly less straightforward optimisation applications in risk measurement, which arise in reporting risk. We ask, what is the most efficient way of complying with the rules? In other words, we investigate how to report the smallest exposure within a rule. For this purpose we develop two optimal efficient algorithms that calculate the minimal amount of the position risk required, to cover a firm's open positions and obligations, as required by respective rules in the FSA (Financial Securities Association) Handbook. Both algorithms lead to interesting generalisations

The journey through the world of adolescent sleep

Sleep-wake patterns and the electroencephalogram (EEG) during sleep undergo fundamental changes during adolescence. Scientific evidence indicates that these changes represent components of an extensive maturational brain remodeling process. Sleep during periods of brain maturation appears to be particularly important for health and behavior. Adolescents' sleep problems affect their cognitive and psychobehavioral functioning, making insufficient sleep during this developmental stage a significant international health concern. In this review, we summarize some key data concerning developmental changes in sleep behavior and regulation, and the association between sleep EEG changes and brain maturation. This review extends our understanding of adolescent sleep and highlights its significance for healthy development. We discuss the possibility to follow brain maturation and to detect errors in this maturational process by monitoring the developmental sleep EEG change