3,899 research outputs found
"Du pays de l'exil Ă la patrie rĂȘvĂ©e : le Portugal dans The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain (1787-1788)"
Source principale de l'un des derniers rĂ©cits publiĂ©s par William Beckford, Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal (1834), le journal qu'il tint lors de son premier sĂ©jour au Portugal est pourtant demeurĂ© inconnu jusqu'au XXe siĂšcle. La dĂ©couverte de cet ouvrage permet de mieux comprendre comment s'est Ă©laborĂ© entre l'Anglais Beckford et ce pays Ă©tranger un lien profond, intime, mais aussi ambigu : le journal traduit la fascination et l'attachement, mais Ă©galement l'hostilitĂ© Ă©prouvĂ©s par le jeune homme Ă l'Ă©gard du Portugal et de ses habitants. Ces sentiments intenses rĂ©vĂšlent l'identitĂ© complexe d'un voyageur parti en quĂȘte de lui-mĂȘme : si Beckford se montre d'abord nostalgique Ă l'Ă©gard de son domaine anglais, le Portugal deviendra nĂ©anmoins la patrie de ses rĂȘves
Entre subversion et nostalgie: l'intertextualité grecque et latine dans The Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon de Henry Fielding
The Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon (1755), dernier ouvrage de Henry Fielding, s'ouvre sur une condamnation des invraisemblances qui parsĂšment les rĂ©cits de voyage merveilleux tels que l'OdyssĂ©e : l'auteur prĂ©tend, lui, relater avec exactitude et fidĂ©litĂ© les Ă©vĂ©nements de sa traversĂ©e. Comme toujours chez Fielding, mais peut-ĂȘtre plus encore dans un contexte dĂ©sormais marquĂ© par la maladie et l'exil, les intertextes classiques permettent Ă l'auteur de montrer son Ă©rudition et de faire rimer autoritĂ© et auctorialitĂ©. Dans ce qui restera son ultime rĂ©cit, Fielding entreprend une dĂ©mythification des grands textes grecs et latins : il traduit en termes rĂ©alistes et rationnels leurs pĂ©ripĂ©ties merveilleuses, tout en rĂ©servant l'emploi du style Ă©pique aux Ă©vĂ©nements et personnages mĂ©diocres rencontrĂ©s au cours de son voyage. On tentera cependant de montrer comment The Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon concilie subversion et nostalgie de l'hĂ©ritage littĂ©raire classique
Fielding Auteur/Auctor : du garant Ă l'inventeur dans The Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon (1755).
The Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon, dernier ouvrage de Henry Fielding, est publiĂ© Ă titre posthume en 1755. Ce rĂ©cit relate la traversĂ©e en mer entreprise par l'auteur depuis Londres, oĂč la maladie l'a contraint Ă abandonner sa fonction officielle de magistrat, jusqu'Ă Lisbonne, oĂč il dĂ©cĂšdera peu de temps aprĂšs son arrivĂ©e. Mais au moment de la rĂ©daction du journal, Fielding n'est pas seulement un homme malade et un magistrat privĂ© de ses fonctions officielles : c'est aussi un Ă©crivain meurtri dont le dernier roman, Amelia, paru Ă la fin de 1751, a Ă©tĂ© laminĂ© par la critique. L'auteur ne tarda pas Ă rĂ©agir et annonça en 1752 dans les pages du Covent Garden Journal qu'il renonçait, devant tant d'hostilitĂ©, Ă l'Ă©criture de fiction. The Journal, rĂ©cit rĂ©fĂ©rentiel, historique, illustre le refus farouche de produire une nouvelle oeuvre de fiction romanesque. Si lâon considĂšre lâĂ©tymologie du nom commun "auteur", on dira que Fielding abandonne officiellement son statut de romancier, dâauteur / inventeur, pour celui dâauteur / "auctor", "garant" des faits historiques et "conseiller" de la nation. La prĂ©face explicite la visĂ©e pĂ©dagogique dâun texte Ă©crit non plus par le romancier Fielding, mais par le magistrat soucieux de continuer Ă servir sa nation.Toutefois, le lecteur est en droit de sâinterroger : The Journal , sâil manifeste bien dans lâoeuvre de Fielding le renoncement au rĂ©cit de fiction au profit du rĂ©cit rĂ©fĂ©rentiel, sâaccompagne-t-il vraiment dâun changement de statut de lâauteur, non plus inventeur de fiction mais dĂ©sormais fidĂšle transcripteur dâĂ©vĂ©nements factuels, rĂ©els ? Cette Ă©tude se propose de dĂ©montrer que le journal de Fielding ne procĂšde pas dâune entreprise visant Ă Ă©tablir un compte-rendu fidĂšle et sincĂšre dâĂ©vĂ©nements factuels : il contribue plutĂŽt Ă Ă©laborer un mythe personnel en usant, pour dĂ©crire les individus rencontrĂ©s lors du voyage, dâune caractĂ©risation qui sâinspire largement de sa technique romanesque
PROVENCE AND THE BRITISH IMAGINATION IN TOBIAS SMOLLETT'S TRAVELS THROUGH FRANCE AND ITALY (1766)
International audienceFrom our side of the Channel Smollettâs Travels through France and Italy (1766) have remained famous for drawing British attention to Nice and its surroundings, as they contain a âparticular descriptionâ of that city. But the emphasis on Nice should not make us forget that the text provides many details about a larger geographical area which the traveller calls the âSouth of Franceâ â an area which actually corresponds to our modern definition of Provence. At first sight, Travels seem to leave little space for imagination: they have all the appearance of a travel guide providing the British reader with âObservations on Character, Custom, Religion, Government, Police, Commerce, Arts and Antiquities.â The text therefore gives priority to observations, not to those visions of the mind which the word âimaginationâ immediately calls forth. Nevertheless, the subjective quality of the observerâs point of view is revealed by the epistolary nature of the text and the cantankerous tone of the ill traveller, who goes south to recover from both chronic lung disorders and âdomestic calamity.â As the epistler tours the South of France in quest of health and antiquities, the satirical, patriotic intention that underlies Travels subordinates the representation of Provence to the making of Great Britainâs image as a nation. Thus Provence as it appears in Travels is shaped by âBritish imaginationâ, and it is more often that not a foil to the definition of the travellerâs native country. However, we shall wonder whether the text does not at times express another type of imagination â one that goes together with a genuine aesthetic appreciation of Provenceâs natural landscapes as well as a more tolerant approach to its people
Fragmentation and immiserising specialisation : the case of the textile and clothing sector
With production activity tending rapidly towards international fragmentation, this study examines the consequences for labour countries of the forms of specialisation brought about by fragmentation processes. It further addresses the risk that fragmented sectors may become excluded from greater developments within the manufacturing industry as a whole. An empirical analysis using panel data reveals that, contrary to expectation, the textile and clothing sector in labour countries does not always reap the positive benefits of this form of international trade integration. Rather, we observe a phenomenon of immiserising specialisation, due to a drop in relative wages within this sector.offshoring ; outsourcing ; fragmentation ; immiserising specialisation ; relative wages ; textile and clothing sector
"What a man has previously in his mind": Samuel Johnson en voyage dans les Highlands et les HĂ©brides
National audienceSamuel Johnson publia en 1775 les observations effectuĂ©es deux ans auparavant lors de son voyage dans les Highlands et les HĂ©brides. C'est la soif de connaissance qui avait motivĂ© ce sĂ©jour : encore isolĂ©es du reste de la Grande-Bretagne malgrĂ© les changements apportĂ©s par l'Acte d'Union dĂšs 1797, ces rĂ©gions au climat rude et Ă la gĂ©ographie accidentĂ©e ignoraient encore l'Ă©criture et l'Histoire, socles de la culture scientifique privilĂ©giĂ©e par les Ă©crivains anglais tels que Johnson. Le traitement de l'altĂ©ritĂ© culturelle des Highlanders est ambivalent dans son rĂ©cit : ses observations laissent percevoir le point de vue d'un Ă©crivain soucieux de rĂ©affirmer son autoritĂ© et de sortir victorieux de l'Ă©preuve que constitue Ă plusieurs Ă©gards sa rencontre avec l'Ăcosse occidentale
Influence of flow on the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel by fatty amines in association with phosphonocarboxylic acid salts
This work was carried out to study the inhibition mechanism of a carbon steel in a 200 mg lâ1 NaCl solution by a non-toxic multi-component inhibitor used for water treatment in cooling circuits. The inhibitive formulation was composed of 50 mg lâ1 fatty amines associated with 200
mg lâ1 phosphonocarboxylic acid salts. Steady-state currentâvoltage curves, obtained with a rotating disc electrode, revealed that the properties of the protective layer were dependent on the electrode rotation rate and on the immersion time. The cathodic process of oxygen reduction was not modified in the presence of the inhibitive mixture. As expected, the current densities
increased when the rotation rate was increased. In the anodic range, original behaviour was observed: the current densities decreased when the electrode rotation rate increased. The morphology and the chemical composition of the inhibitive layers allowed the electrochemical results to be explained. Two distinct surface areas were visualised on the metal surface and the ratio between the two zones was dependent on the flow conditions. This behaviour was attributed to a mechanical effect linked to centrifugal force. XPS analysis revealed that the formation of a chelate between the phosphonocarboxylic acid salt molecules and the iron oxide/hydroxide was
enhanced by the increase of the electrode rotation rate
Involvement of small-scale dairy farms in an industrial supply chain: When production standards meet farm diversity
In certain contexts, dairy firms are supplied by small-scale family farms. Firms provide a set of technical and economic recommendations meant to help farmers meet their requirements in terms of the quantity and quality of milk collected. This study analyzes how such recommendations may be adopted by studying six farms in Brazil. All farms are beneficiaries of the country's agrarian reforms, but they differ in terms of how they developed their activities, their resources and their milk collection objectives. First, we built a technical and economic benchmark farm based on recommendations from a dairy firm and farmer advisory institutions. Our analysis of the farms' practices and technical and economic results show that none of the farms in the sample apply all of the benchmark recommendations; however, all farms specialized in dairy production observe the main underlying principles with regard to feeding systems and breeding. The decisive factors in whether the benchmark is adopted and successfully implemented are (i) access to the supply chain when a farmer establishes his activity, (ii) a grasp of reproduction and forage production techniques and (iii) an understanding of dairy cattle feed dietary rationing principles. The technical problems observed in some cases impact the farms' dairy performance and cash position; this can lead to a process of disinvestment. This dynamic of farms facing production standards suggests that the diversity of specialized livestock farmers should be taken into account more effectively through advisory approaches that combine basic zootechnical training with assistance in planning farm activities over the short and medium term. (Résumé d'auteur
- âŠ