Analysis of land expropriations in feasibility studies of transport infrastructure projects

O processo de desapropriação de terras é um grande problema para projetos de infraestrutura de transporte, uma vez que este processo é sempre lento e socialmente sensível. Portanto, a adoção de estratégias para mitigar os problemas de desapropriação é essencial para evitar problemas futuros. O emprego de simulações é uma ferramenta importante para o planejamento, permitindo analisar diferentes cenários e definir a melhor opção do trajeto a partir de diferentes variáveis em uma matriz de decisão. Portanto, os estudos anteriores de desapropriação fornecem elementos que permitem definir medidas para mitigar os impactos sociais e riscos durante as obras. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é desenvolver uma metodologia para a análise preliminar de desapropriação em estudos de vias federais. No presente estudo é analisada uma das trajetórias simuladas para uma ferrovia para trens de alta velocidade entre o Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. O resultado demonstra que a hipotética via férrea produz baixos impactos sociais, em comparação com outras vias federais. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe land expropriation process is a huge problem for transport infrastructure projects, since this process is always slow and socially sensitive. Therefore, adoption of strategies to mitigate the expropriation problems is essential to avoid future problems. The use of simulation program is an important tool for planning, allowing analyze different scenarios and improve path option from different variables in a decision matrix. Thus, previous studies of expropriation provide elements that enable to define measures to mitigate the social impacts and risks during the works. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology for preliminary analysis of expropriation in federal railways studies. In the current study is considered one of the simulated trajectories for the high-speed train between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The result shows that the hypothetical railway produces low social impact in comparison with other federal transportation routes

ANÁLISE DAS DESAPROPRIAÇÕES DE TERRAS NOS ESTUDOS DE VIABILIDADE DE OBRAS DE INFRAESTRUTURA DE TRANSPORTES

The land expropriation process is a huge problem for transport infrastructure projects, since this process is always slow and socially sensitive. Therefore, adoption of strategies to mitigate the expropriation problems is essential to avoid future problems. The use of simulation program is an important tool for planning, allowing analyze different scenarios and improve path option from different variables in a decision matrix. Thus, previous studies of expropriation provide elements that enable to define measures to mitigate the social impacts and risks during the works. The objective of this research is to develop a methodology for preliminary analysis of expropriation in federal railways studies. In the current study is considered one of the simulated trajectories for the high-speed train between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The result shows that the hypothetical railway produces low social impact in comparison with other federal transportation routes.O processo de desapropriação de terras é um grande problema para projetos de infraestrutura de transporte, uma vez que este processo é sempre lento e socialmente sensível. Portanto, a adoção de estratégias para mitigar os problemas de desapropriação é essencial para evitar problemas futuros. O emprego de simulações é uma ferramenta importante para o planejamento, permitindo analisar diferentes cenários e definir a melhor opção do trajeto a partir de diferentes variáveis em uma matriz de decisão. Portanto, os estudos anteriores de desapropriação fornecem elementos que permitem definir medidas para mitigar os impactos sociais e riscos durante as obras. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é desenvolver uma metodologia para a análise preliminar de desapropriação em estudos de vias federais. No presente estudo é analisada uma das trajetórias simuladas para uma ferrovia para trens de alta velocidade entre o Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. O resultado demonstra que a hipotética via férrea produz baixos impactos sociais, em comparação com outras vias federais

Is the obesity paradox in outpatients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction real?

BackgroundThe obesity occurrence has achieved epidemic levels worldwide and several studies indicate a paradoxical similarity among obesity and the prognosis in heart failure (HF). The primary objective was to understand the association between body mass index (BMI) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) of ischemic etiology in outpatients, using mortality as a parameter. The secondary objectives were to determine the differences in HF functional class, pharmacological therapy and evaluate the prognostic value of MAGGIC Score in this population.MethodsWe analyzed 1,556 medical records from the HF outpatient clinic of a quaternary hospital and 242 were selected according to the criteria. Most were male, average age 62.6 (56–70), BMI 18.5–24.9 = 35.1%, 25–29.9 = 37.2%, 30–34.9 = 17.8%, 35–39.9 = 7%; BMI <18.5 and >40 groups were eliminated from the central analyzes because of scarce testing.ResultsBMI 30–34.9 and BMI 18.5–24.9 had the best prognosis, BMI 25–29.9 had an average performance, and BMI –39.9 group provided the worst outcome (p = 0.123). In the subcategory analysis, BMI 30–34.9 group had a better prognosis compared to the BMI 35–39.9 group (p = 0.033). In the multivariate analysis The MAGGIC score was not able to foretell mortality in this population according to BMI.ConclusionIn not hospitalized patients with HFREF of ischemic etiology, obesity was not a protective factor

Image1_Is the obesity paradox in outpatients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction real?.jpeg

BackgroundThe obesity occurrence has achieved epidemic levels worldwide and several studies indicate a paradoxical similarity among obesity and the prognosis in heart failure (HF). The primary objective was to understand the association between body mass index (BMI) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) of ischemic etiology in outpatients, using mortality as a parameter. The secondary objectives were to determine the differences in HF functional class, pharmacological therapy and evaluate the prognostic value of MAGGIC Score in this population.MethodsWe analyzed 1,556 medical records from the HF outpatient clinic of a quaternary hospital and 242 were selected according to the criteria. Most were male, average age 62.6 (56–70), BMI 18.5–24.9 = 35.1%, 25–29.9 = 37.2%, 30–34.9 = 17.8%, 35–39.9 = 7%; BMI 40 groups were eliminated from the central analyzes because of scarce testing.ResultsBMI 30–34.9 and BMI 18.5–24.9 had the best prognosis, BMI 25–29.9 had an average performance, and BMI –39.9 group provided the worst outcome (p = 0.123). In the subcategory analysis, BMI 30–34.9 group had a better prognosis compared to the BMI 35–39.9 group (p = 0.033). In the multivariate analysis The MAGGIC score was not able to foretell mortality in this population according to BMI.ConclusionIn not hospitalized patients with HFREF of ischemic etiology, obesity was not a protective factor.</p

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America

International audienc

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data