Requerimiento de factores de iniciación para la traducción de mRNAs de picornavirus

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular . Fecha de lectura: 18-05-201

Colegio público de educación inicial en Manchay, Pachacamac

La siguiente investigación comprende el desarrollo de un Colegio Público de Educación Inicial en Manchay, Pachacamac aplicando los principios de la Arquitectura Biomimética. La motivación para el desarrollo de dicho proyecto e investigación nace debido a que, en el Perú, no se cuenta con un sistema ni infraestructura educativa adecuada para satisfacer los requerimientos y necesidades de los alumnos. Esto se debe a la poca inversión que se le asigna a la educación en nuestro país. Así mismo, la poca importancia que se le da a la educación inicial es un gran problema en nuestro país. Cabe recalcar que el asistir a un colegio inicial en los primeros años de vida es fundamental para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas de lenguaje, interpersonales, socioemocionales y para lograr un adecuado desarrollo físico. Finalmente, mediante la propuesta, se busca crear espacios que puedan ser utilizados como instrumento educativo, los cuales puedan fomentar la Integración Social, el Juego, el Desarrollo social, el Crecimiento Personal, el Aprendizaje y la Creatividad. Esto se deberá lograr a través de la Arquitectura Biomimética.The following research involves the development of a Public Preschool in Manchay, Pachacamac applying the principles of Biomimetic Architecture. The motivation for the development of this project and research comes from the fact that, in Peru, there is no adequate educational system or infrastructure to meet the requirements and needs of students. This is due to the low investment assigned to education in our country. Likewise, the little importance given to early education is a major problem in our country. It should be emphasized that attending a preschool in the first years of life is fundamental for the development of cognitive, language, interpersonal and socioemotional skills and for achieving adequate physical development. Finally, the proposal seeks to create spaces that can be used as an educational tool, which can promote social integration, play, social development, personal growth, learning and creativity. This is to be achieved through Biomimetic Architecture.Trabajo de investigació

Análisi de Préstamos Hipotecarios en Aragón

En este Trabajo Fin de Grado se analizan y se comparan los Préstamos Hipotecarios que ofrecen las diferentes entidades bancarias que operan en la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón. En el trabajo se explican los préstamos hipotecarios ofrecidos por las diferentes entidades bancarias analizadas, las características más relevantes para su contratación, como el Euribor, que se encuentra a unos niveles muy bajos y por lo tanto hace que el préstamo sea más barato y la polémica de las cláusulas suelo. De entre las diferentes entidades financieras que operan en Aragón, escogemos aquellas más destacadas en esta comunidad. La intención de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de las mencionadas entidades, detallando las características que ofrece cada uno, tanto para un Préstamo Hipotecario Fijo como para un Préstamo Hipotecario Variable, y para concretar un poco más, nos centramos en el estudio de los plazos a 15, 20 y 30 años. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer las pautas que permitan escoger aquella entidad financiera que ofrezca las mejores condiciones, para que de esta forma beneficie al cliente en la financiación de un Préstamo Hipotecario, ya que el propósito de este estudio está basado en la atención y el beneficio del cliente

Commercial Blood Cell Separation Systems Versus Tube Centrifugation Methods for the Preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study

[Abstract] OBJECTIVE: Clinical studies claim that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) accelerates tissue healing due to its high concentration of growth factors and that the combination with leukocytes improves the antimicrobial effect of the concentrate. Most of these studies obtained PRP using different separation systems, and few analyzed the content of the PRP used for treatment. This study characterized the composition of PRP and white blood cells (WBC) from a single donor produced by three commercially available PRP separation systems and two anticoagulated general analytical tubes. METHODS: Five patients donated 50 mL of blood, which was processed to produce PRP and WBC using three PRP concentration systems (i.e., Easy PRP Kit, GloPRP, and Wego) and two tubes for general analysis anticoagulated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citrate. Platelets and WBC in combination with their concentrates were analyzed by automated systems in a clinical laboratory. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the average concentrations of PRP platelets and WBC between GloPRP and the tubes for general analysis with EDTA and citrate; however, the Easy PRP Kit gave results much superior to the rest of the methods, especially comparing it with the Wego Kit, whose concentrates were especially low, even nonexistent for WBC. CONCLUSIONS: The Easy PRP Kit concentrates WBC-rich PRP, resulting in increased WBC concentrations, compared with low WBC-low PRP of GloPRP and general tube methods for EDTA and citrate analysis and the even lower concentration of PRP from the Wego Kit, with the absence of leukocyte

Influence of Sexual Dimorphism, Aging, and Differential Cell Capture Efficiency of Blood Separation Systems on the Quality of Platelet-Rich Plasma

[Abstract] Few studies have checked the impact of the hormonal/immunological dimorphism of patients on the cellular composition of platelet-rich plasma products (PRP). Whole blood (WB) from 26 volunteers was concentrated using a device previously characterized. Platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts in WB and PRP were compared between genders, and after the population was split into pre (≤50 years)- and post (>50 years)-menopausal ages. In WB, platelet-total WBC densities were comparable in men and women. The phagocytic cell composition differed (p ≤ 0.04). After dividing by ages, phagocytic cell discrepancies were linked to women > 50 years (p ≤ 0.05), and differences emerged in lymphocyte counts (lower in >50 years groups, within and between genders, p ≤ 0.05). In PRP, densities were significantly higher, but the PRP/WB ratios varied according to blood cell (lower for phagocytic cells) and between subjects (more favorable at a lower density of a particular blood cell in WB). This "system compensatory efficiency" reduced/reverted PRP differences in the leukocyte composition between genders/age-sex groups in WB. In PRP, neutrophils were higher in younger men than older women (p < 0.05). WB lymphocyte differences between age-sex groups persisted. Age is a more determining factor than sex in the preparation of PRP. Post-menopause, sexual dimorphism strongly influences the composition of leukocytes, also conditioned by the capture efficiency of the system

Commercial blood cell separation systems versus tube centrifugation methods for the preparation of platelet-rich plasma: a preliminary cross-sectional study

[EN] OBJECTIVE: Clinical studies claim that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) accelerates tissue healing due to its high concentration of growth factors and that the combination with leukocytes improves the antimicrobial effect of the concentrate. Most of these studies obtained PRP using different separation systems, and few analyzed the content of the PRP used for treatment. This study characterized the composition of PRP and white blood cells (WBC) from a single donor produced by three commercially available PRP separation systems and two anticoagulated general analytical tubes. METHODS: Five patients donated 50 mL of blood, which was processed to produce PRP and WBC using three PRP concentration systems (i.e., Easy PRP Kit, GloPRP, and Wego) and two tubes for general analysis anticoagulated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citrate. Platelets and WBC in combination with their concentrates were analyzed by automated systems in a clinical laboratory. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the average concentrations of PRP platelets and WBC between GloPRP and the tubes for general analysis with EDTA and citrate; however, the Easy PRP Kit gave results much superior to the rest of the methods, especially comparing it with the Wego Kit, whose concentrates were especially low, even nonexistent for WBC. CONCLUSIONS: The Easy PRP Kit concentrates WBC-rich PRP, resulting in increased WBC concentrations, compared with low WBC-low PRP of GloPRP and general tube methods for EDTA and citrate analysis and the even lower concentration of PRP from the Wego Kit, with the absence of leukocytes.S

Influence of Sexual Dimorphism, Aging, and Differential Cell Capture Efficiency of Blood Separation Systems on the Quality of Platelet-Rich Plasma

[EN] Few studies have checked the impact of the hormonal/immunological dimorphism of patients on the cellular composition of platelet-rich plasma products (PRP). Whole blood (WB) from 26 volunteers was concentrated using a device previously characterized. Platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts in WB and PRP were compared between genders, and after the population was split into pre (≤50 years)- and post (>50 years)-menopausal ages. In WB, platelet–total WBC densities were comparable in men and women. The phagocytic cell composition differed (p ≤ 0.04). After dividing by ages, phagocytic cell discrepancies were linked to women > 50 years (p ≤ 0.05), and differences emerged in lymphocyte counts (lower in >50 years groups, within and between genders, p ≤ 0.05). In PRP, densities were significantly higher, but the PRP/WB ratios varied according to blood cell (lower for phagocytic cells) and between subjects (more favorable at a lower density of a particular blood cell in WB). This “system compensatory efficiency” reduced/reverted PRP differences in the leukocyte composition between genders/age–sex groups in WB. In PRP, neutrophils were higher in younger men than older women (p < 0.05). WB lymphocyte differences between age–sex groups persisted. Age is a more determining factor than sex in the preparation of PRP. Post-menopause, sexual dimorphism strongly influences the composition of leukocytes, also conditioned by the capture efficiency of the system.S

Age-Based Inter-Subject Variability in Platelet and Whiteblood Cell Concentrations of Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparedusing a New Application to Blood Separation System

[Abstract] The benefit of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment is still underdiscussion. Variations in PRP products, consequence of the lack of astandardised protocol for the multitude of commercially available blood sepa-ration systems and the lack of knowledge of the optimal composition of PRPor its suitability for the proposed indication are some of the reasons behindclinical inconsistencies. The impact of inter-subject variability in PRP hasreceived less attention in comparison. The purpose of this study was to deter-mine the inter-subject variability, based on age, in the concentrates preparedby a new blood concentration system. Twenty-six healthy volunteers of bothgenders (29-93 years) were enrolled. Whole blood (WB) was collected fromeach participant to prepare PRP using the Easy PRP kit. Platelets and whiteblood cells (WBC) from WB and PRP were analysed after split population byage; patients younger than 65 years (n=13) and patients≥65 years old(n=13). Among the demographic characteristics tested, only age was signifi-cantly different between the groups. Cell capture efficiency of the system wasspecific for each type of blood cell and identical for both age groups. Plateletsand WBC in PRP were higher than in WB (P< .001). In WB, platelets andWBC concentrations were significantly lower in older group (P≤.035). Thesedifferences persisted in the prepared PRP (P≤.004). The ageing of populationhas a strong influence on the haematocrit and therefore on the composition ofPRP. Because the efficiency of blood separator system seems to be constantacross individuals, the inter-subject haematocrit variability based on age couldbe used as a predictor of resulting PRP. The clinical application of PRP shouldbe restricted to the specific cell capture capacity of the different commercialdevice

High Protein Binding and Cidal Activity against Penicillin-Resistant S. pneumoniae: A Cefditoren In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Simulation

BACKGROUND: Although protein binding is a reversible phenomenon, it is assumed that antibacterial activity is exclusively exerted by the free (unbound) fraction of antibiotics. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Activity of cefditoren, a highly protein bound 3(rd) generation cephalosporin, over 24h after an oral 400 mg cefditoren-pivoxil bid regimen was studied against six S. pneumoniae strains (penicillin/cefditoren MICs; microg/ml): S1 (0.12/0.25), S2 (0.25/0.25), S3 and S4 (0.5/0.5), S5 (1/0.5) and S6 (4/0.5). A computerized pharmacodynamic simulation with media consisting in 75% human serum and 25% broth (mean albumin concentrations = 4.85+/-0.12 g/dL) was performed. Protein binding was measured. The cumulative percentage of a 24h-period that drug concentrations exceeded the MIC for total (T > MIC) and unbound concentrations (fT > MIC), expressed as percentage of the dosing interval, were determined. Protein binding was 87.1%. Bactericidal activity (> or = 99.9% initial inocula reduction) was obtained against strains S1 and S2 at 24h (T > MIC = 77.6%, fT > MIC = 23.7%). With T > MIC of 61.6% (fT > MIC = 1.7%), reductions against S3 and S4 ranged from 90% to 97% at 12h and 24h; against S5, reduction was 45.1% at 12h and up to 85.0% at 24h; and against S6, reduction was 91.8% at 12h, but due to regrowth of 52.9% at 24h. Cefditoren physiological concentrations exerted antibacterial activity against strains exhibiting MICs of 0.25 and 0.5 microg/ml under protein binding conditions similar to those in humans. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study suggest that, from the pharmacodynamic perspective, the presence of physiological albumin concentrations may not preclude antipneumococcal activity of highly bound cephalosporins as cefditoren