ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ СТАТИЧЕСКИХ ДЕФОРМАЦИЙ ПОЗВОНОЧНИКА И ПОСТУРАЛЬНОГО БАЛАНСА НА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫЙ И ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫЙ СИНХРОНИЗМ

Introduction. The article described the methodology of the objective express diagnostics of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism depending on manifestations of static spinal deformities. The approaches to simultaneous static and dynamic studies of postural balance with spiro-arterio-cardiorhythmography were discussed.The objective of the work was to determine the mutual influence of static and dynamic postural balance on cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism.Material and methods. We analyzed indicators of static and dynamic postural balance and indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism among the population without manifested signs of pathology from the studied body systems.Results. The effect of static spinal deformities was observed only on the functional indicators of respiration. Statistically significant correlations of static spinal deformities were observed only with functional respiratory parameters. Indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism were not affected.Conclusion. The lordotic variant of the static spinal deformity, in contrast to the kyphotic and scoliotic variant, reliably affected the functional indicators of the respiratory system, as well as the indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism. The balance of sagittal deformities correlated with functional indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as with indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism. It was important to emphasize that in order to maintain cardiovascular and respiratory compliance with the most commonly diagnosed variants of static deformity (kyphotic and scoliotic), significant modifications in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation were observed much less frequently than alongside with lordotic deformity.Введение. Излагается методология объективной экспресс-диагностики сердечно-сосудистого и дыхательного синхронизма в зависимости от проявления статических деформаций позвоночника. Обсуждаются подходы к одновременному проведению статических и динамических исследований постурального баланса и спироартериокардиоритмографии.Цель работы – определение взаимного влияния параметров сердечно-сосудистого и дыхательного синхронизма и показателей статического и динамического постурального баланса.Материал и методы. Проведен анализ показателей статического и динамического постурального баланса и показателей сердечно-сосудистого и дыхательного синхронизма среди популяции без манифестированных признаков патологии со стороны исследуемых систем организма.Результаты. Статистически значимые корреляции показателей статической деформации позвоночника наблюдали только с функциональными показателями дыхания. Показатели сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной синхронизации более стабильны.Выводы. Лордотический вариант, в отличие от кифотического и сколиотического вариантов статической деформации позвоночника, достоверно влияет на функциональные показатели дыхательной системы, а также показатели сердечно-сосудистого и дыхательного синхронизма. Баланс сагиттальных деформаций коррелирует с функциональными показателями сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной систем, а также с показателями сердечно-сосудистого и дыхательного синхронизма. Важно подчеркнуть, что для поддержания сердечно-сосудистого и дыхательного соответствия при наиболее часто диагностируемых вариантах статических деформаций (кифотической и сколиотической) достоверные модификации в сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной регуляции наблюдались значительно реже, чем при лордотической деформации

Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods

Climate change has led to concerns about increasing river floods resulting from the greater water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere. These concerns are reinforced by evidence of increasing economic losses associated with flooding in many parts of the world, including Europe. Any changes in river floods would have lasting implications for the design of flood protection measures and flood risk zoning. However, existing studies have been unable to identify a consistent continental-scale climatic-change signal in flood discharge observations in Europe, because of the limited spatial coverage and number of hydrometric stations. Here we demonstrate clear regional patterns of both increases and decreases in observed river flood discharges in the past five decades in Europe, which are manifestations of a changing climate. Our results—arising from the most complete database of European flooding so far—suggest that: increasing autumn and winter rainfall has resulted in increasing floods in northwestern Europe; decreasing precipitation and increasing evaporation have led to decreasing floods in medium and large catchments in southern Europe; and decreasing snow cover and snowmelt, resulting from warmer temperatures, have led to decreasing floods in eastern Europe. Regional flood discharge trends in Europe range from an increase of about 11 per cent per decade to a decrease of 23 per cent. Notwithstanding the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the observational record, the flood changes identified here are broadly consistent with climate model projections for the next century, suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening and supporting calls for the consideration of climate change in flood risk management

Changing climate shifts timing of European floods

A warming climate is expected to have an impact on the magnitude and timing of river floods; however, no consistent large-scale climate change signal in observed flood magnitudes has been identified so far. We analyzed the timing of river floods in Europe over the past five decades, using a pan-European database from 4262 observational hydrometric stations, and found clear patterns of change in flood timing. Warmer temperatures have led to earlier spring snowmelt floods throughout northeastern Europe; delayed winter storms associated with polar warming have led to later winter floods around the North Sea and some sectors of the Mediterranean coast; and earlier soil moisture maxima have led to earlier winter floods in western Europe. Our results highlight the existence of a clear climate signal in flood observations at the continental scale

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

TERRESTRIAL WATER STORAGE CHANGE OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA AND ITS IMPACT ON WATER BALANCE

Terrestrial water storage has a significant impact on the water balance of river basins. The analysis of its changes in the European part of Russia (EPR) using the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) data showed that its reduction was approximately150 mmfor 2002-2015 for the south of EPR, especially the Don basin, which is caused rather by a decline in the storages of surface and ground waters then to changes in soil waters. Quasilinear relation between the values of terrestrial water storages and a river runoff for the period of a summer low water level for a number of rivers has been revealed

Potential Hydrological Restrictions on Water Use in the Basins of Rivers Flowing into Russian Arctic Seas

Water consumption has been evaluated for the basins of the rivers flowing into the Arctic seas of the Russian Federation and, separately, for the Arctic zone of Russia (AZR). Long-term dynamics of the major characteristics of water consumption are given for the period from the 1980s to 2017 along with data on its structure. The possible effect of the total water withdrawal and consumptive water use on river water inflow into the Arctic seas has been evaluated for the 1980s (a period of maximal anthropogenic load), for 2006–2017 and up to 2030. The volumes of water consumption in limits of AZR are relatively low. Moreover, the water withdrawal has dropped considerably compared with the situation in the 1980s, in particular, by about 30% in the Pechora, Lena river basins, and from the rivers of Murmansk oblast, and by 50% in the Northern Dvina, Yenisei, and Kolyma river basins. It has increased in the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets AO because of the intense development of the local oil-and-gas complex. Nowadays, according to the authors’ estimates, 21.28 km3/year is being withdrawn in the drainage basins of RF Arctic seas and 2.58 km3/year, within the AZR, or 28.8 and 3.5% of the total volume in Russia. The largest contribution to this value is due to the water-management complexes in the basins of the Ob (14.7 km3/year), Yenisei (2.77), Northern Dvina (0.64), and Murmansk oblast (1.72 km3/year). The volumes of water discharges back into water bodies at the drainage basins of Russian Arctic seas are comparable with the volumes of freshwater withdrawal -71% of water intake. Even lesser is the difference within AZR. The major water users are the industry (with a high proportion of mining plants), thermal power engineering, and municipal economy. But considerable and diverse hydrological restrictions exist at the municipal level and for some water users in AZR. These local hydrological restrictions have been formulated and analyzed in detail, for the first time. They form three large groups. Original maps are given to illustrate the specific features and regularities in the present-day distribution of water-management characteristics over AZR

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF STATIC DEFORMATIONS OF THE SPINE AND POSTURAL BALANCE ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYNCHRONISM

Introduction. The article described the methodology of the objective express diagnostics of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism depending on manifestations of static spinal deformities. The approaches to simultaneous static and dynamic studies of postural balance with spiro-arterio-cardiorhythmography were discussed.The objective of the work was to determine the mutual influence of static and dynamic postural balance on cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism.Material and methods. We analyzed indicators of static and dynamic postural balance and indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism among the population without manifested signs of pathology from the studied body systems.Results. The effect of static spinal deformities was observed only on the functional indicators of respiration. Statistically significant correlations of static spinal deformities were observed only with functional respiratory parameters. Indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism were not affected.Conclusion. The lordotic variant of the static spinal deformity, in contrast to the kyphotic and scoliotic variant, reliably affected the functional indicators of the respiratory system, as well as the indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism. The balance of sagittal deformities correlated with functional indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as with indicators of cardiovascular and respiratory synchronism. It was important to emphasize that in order to maintain cardiovascular and respiratory compliance with the most commonly diagnosed variants of static deformity (kyphotic and scoliotic), significant modifications in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation were observed much less frequently than alongside with lordotic deformity

Estimation Of The Impact Of Climatic And Anthropogenic Factors On The Formation Of The Extreme Low-Flow Period In The Don River Basin During 2007-2016

The Don River is the largest river in the southwestern  part of European Russia and the second largest  river system  in European  Russia. The Don River  basin is one of the most water deficient regions in Russia and the long term average water usage in the basin amounts to 45%. The period 2007-2016 was the longest long-term low-flow period observed, with an estimated total water resources deficit of 40.4 km3  over 8 years. The main reason for this deficit were anomalously  warm  winters (2-4 degrees  over average) with a low degree of soil frost penetration. This resulted in low spring flood volume  (37% of the average) due to heavy seepage losses combined  with thin snow cover.  A similar low-flow situation was observed in 2014, when the drought caused great damage to ecosystem of Tsimlianskoye water reservoir and the River Don. Most of the fish breeding  grounds  had dried up by May 2014. This caused the number of round fish whitebait to drop 5-10 times below the 2002-2014 average.  Inland shipping  and hydropower  industry also sustained losses of 42 million euro (according to interview from State Shipping company) due to low water level. This study shows that the main reasons for the 2007-2016 extreme hydrological drought are exceptional hydro-climatic conditions and anthropogenic  transformations in the watershed,  such as urbanisation growth  and afforestation.  The analysis  shows that the main cause in water deficit is associated with the left tributaries  of Don – Khoper and Medveditsa, while the flow in Upper Don remained more or less normal. The results can be interpreted as a “warning sign” to reduce water consumption in these sub-basins to avoid similar drought situations in future