An Investigation On The Relations Between Process Parameters And Quality Characteristics Of Pastry Margarine

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2014Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2014Unilever, Ulker, Marsa ve Turyağ margarine fabrikaları Türkiye pazarının % 90’nına hakimdir. Toplamda 2500 işçi çalıştırmaktadırlar. Türkiye’de son 10 yılda pastacılık ve endüstriyel yağların tüketimi artarken margarinlerin ev tüketimi azalmaktadır. Türkiye pazarında son on yılda margarinlerin ev tüketimi %25, yemeklik margarin tüketimi %60 azalırken, pastacılık ve endüstriyel yağ tüketimi %9 artmıştır. Bu nedenle yüksek kaliteli pastacılık margarinlerinin üretilmesi rekabetçi ve büyüyen pazar ortamında önem kazanmaktadır. Üretim hatlarında pastacılık margarinlerinin kalitesini etkileyen bir çok parametre bulunmaktadır. Margarin üretim hatlarında kolayca kontrol edilebilen parametreler kristalizasyon sıcaklıkları ve emülsiyondaki katı madde miktarıdır. Pastacılık margarinin sertliği ve plastikliği, fırıncılık ürünlerinin hacimi ve performansı daha iyi hale getirek için ayarlanabilir. Margarinin fırıncılık ürünlerinde en iyi sonucu vermesi için plastiklik ve sertlik değerleri kristalizasyon sıcaklığı ve emülsiyon katı madde miktarı ile kontrol edilebilir. Kristalizasyon soğutma sıcaklığı ve emülsiyon içeriği kristal oluşumunu etkilemektedir. Kristal kompozisyonu margarinin karakteristiği açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın sonunda elde edilen bulgular, pastacılık margarinlerinin fırıncılık ürünlerinde en iyi sonucu vermesi için kullanılabilir.Unilever, Ulker, Marsa and Turyağ meet % 90 of total margarin requirement of Turkey. All these plants have total almost 2500 workers. Pastry margarine consumption has been increased for ten years in Turkey however it has decreased at homes. Margarine consumption decreased %25 wherease pastry margarine consumption increased %9 industrially. Therefore producing high quality pastry margarine for industrial utilization is very important to stay in a competitive margarine market. There are various affecting parameters for pastry margarine quality. In this study parameters which can affect quality of pastry margarine are defined. The parameters that can be easily controlled in a margarine process are temperature of crystallization and emulsion formulation especially solid fat content. Particularly plasticity and hardness of pastry margarine influence flavor, volume and performance of bakery. Therefore to obtain optimum plasticity and hardness of margarine is important by modifying solid fat content and controlling process parameters such as temperature and time in crystallization. Cooling temperature and emulsion content affect crystal formation. Crystal composition is important for margarine characteristic. The outcomes of this study may help to understand the relations between process parameters and quality characteristics of pastry margarine with better baking performance.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Single-stage endovascular treatment in patients with severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant ipsilateral unruptured intracranial aneurysm

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of single-stage endovascular treatment in patients with severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant ipsilateral unruptured intracranial aneurysm.METHODSHospital database was screened for patients who underwent single-stage endovascular treatment between February 2008 and June 2013 and seven patients were identified. The procedures included unilateral carotid artery stenting (CAS) (n=4), bilateral CAS (n=2), and proximal left subclavian artery stenting (n=1) along with ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm treatment (n=7). The mean internal carotid artery stenosis was 81.6% (range, 70%–95%), and the subclavian artery stenosis was 90%. All aneurysms were unruptured. The mean aneurysm diameter was 7.7 mm (range, 5–13 mm). The aneurysms were ipsilateral to the internal carotid artery stenosis (internal carotid artery aneurysm) in five patients, and in the anterior communicating artery in one patient. The patient with subclavian artery stenosis had a fenestration aneurysm in the proximal basilar artery. Stenting of the extracranial large vessel stenosis was performed before aneurysm treatment in all patients. In two patients who underwent bilateral CAS, the contralateral carotid artery stenosis, which had no aneurysm distally, was treated initially.RESULTSThere were no procedure-related complications or technical failure. The mean clinical follow-up period was 18 months (range, 9–34 months). One patient who underwent unilateral CAS experienced contralateral transient ischemic attack during the clinical follow-up. There was no restenosis on six-month follow-up angiograms, and all aneurysms were adequately occluded.CONCLUSIONA single-stage procedure appears to be feasible for treatment of patients with severe extracranial large vessel stenosis and concomitant ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm

Effectiveness of percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with multiple myeloma having vertebral pain

AMAÇ Multipl miyelomun vertebral tutulumu olan hastalarda perkütan vertebroplastinin (PV) etkinliğini, faydalarını ve güvenilirliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. YÖNTEMLER Multipl miyelomlu 41 hastanın 166 omurunda uygulanan PV prosedürleri geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalarımızın çoğu seviye 3 (orta ila şiddetli ağrı) analjezik kullanıyordu. İşlemden önce multipl miyelomun vertebral tutulumunu değerlendirmek için manyetik rezonans görüntüleme yapıldı. Aşağıdaki değişkenler değerlendirildi: etkilenen vertebral seviyeler, vertebral vücut yüksekliği kaybı, PV sırasında vertebral gövdeye uygulanan polimetilmetakrilat (PMMA) çimento miktarı, PMMA çimento sızıntıları ve PV öncesi ve sonrası ağrı, görsel analog skala (VAS) ile değerlendirildi. . SONUÇLAR Hastaların medyan VAS skorları PV'den bir gün önce 9'dan işlemden bir gün sonra 6'ya, işlemden bir hafta sonra 3'e ve sonunda işlemden üç ay sonra 1'e düştü (P <0.001). PV işlemi sırasında 68 vertebral seviyede (% 41) çimento sızıntısı gözlendi. Omurga gövdesine uygulanan ortanca PMMA değeri 6 mL idi. SONUÇ Minimal invaziv ve düşük komplikasyon oranları ile kolay uygulanabilen bir işlem olan PV, multipl miyelom hastalarının ciddi sırt ağrılarında tercih edilmelidir

Intra-Articular ganglion cyst of the posterior cruciate ligament: A case report

Gangliyon kistleri etyolojisi bilinmeyen; jel kıvamında, visköz, sarımsı renkte sıvı içeren kistik lezyonlardır. Sıklıkla el, el bileği ve ayaklarda görülürler. Dizin intra-artiküler gangliyon kisti nadirdir ve arka çapraz bağdan kaynaklanan kistler ön çapraz bağ kistlerine göre daha az görülür. Arka çarpraz bağdan köken alan gangliyon kistinin karakteristik özelliklerini, eklem içi yapılarla ilişkisini ve preoperatif de- ğerlendirmesini en iyi ortaya koyan tanısal ve güvenilir metot manyetik rezonans görüntülemedir. Bu yazıda; manyetik rezonans görüntülemede saptanan, intra-artiküler yerleşimli nadir rastlanan arka çapraz bağ gangliyon kisti olgusu sunulmaktadır.Ganglion cysts of unknown etiology are cystic lesions that contain gel consistency, viscous, yellowish liquid. They are usually seen on hand, elbow and feet. Intra-articular ganglion cyst of the knee is rare and the cysts arising from the posterior cruciate ligament are less common than cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best and reliable diagnostic method of displaying the characteristic features of ganglion cyst originating from the posterior cruciate ligament, the relationship between intraarticular structures and the preoperative assessment. In this article, a rare case of ganglion cyst of the posterior cruciate ligament which is located intra-articular that is determined by magnetic resonance imaging is presented

Contribution of axial 1mm proton density MR images for grading meniscal tears

Çalışmamızın amacı menisküs yırtıklarının saptanmasında ve sınıflandırılmasında aksiyel 1 mm proton dansite (PD) ağırlıklı manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntülemenin tanı değerini araştırmaktır.Çalışmamızda, klinik olarak menisküs yırtığından şüphe edilen 50 hasta (36 erkek, 14 kadın; 18-62 yaş arası) artroskopi öncesi MR ile incelendi. Menisküs yırtıklarını tanımlamak için görüntüler iki radyolog tarafından konsensusla artroskopik bulgular bilinmeden değerlendirildi. Menisküsleri değerlendirmek için yağ baskılamalı fast spin echo (FSE) PD ağırlıklı sekanslar, aksiyel planda 1 mm ve sagital planda 3 mm kalınlığında elde edildi. İlk olarak menisküs yırtıkları sagital ve aksiyel PD ağırlıklı görüntüleme ile tanısal performansa göre ?5 nokta? skalasına göre karşılaştırıldı. İkinci olarak menisküs yırtıklarının korelasyonunda sagital ve aksiyel PD ağırlıklı görüntüleme ile artroskopi karşılaştırıldı. Yırtıklar, sagital ve aksiyel PD ağırlıklı görüntülerde ayrı ayrı sınıflandırıldı. Bulgular standart referans olarak kabul edilen artroskopi sonuçlarıyla istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.Artroskopide toplam 62 yırtık (medial menisküste 39, lateral menisküste 23) saptandı. Menisküs yırtığın tespitinde sagital ve aksiyel PD ağırlıklı görüntüler ile artroskopi sonuçları arasında anlamlı farklılık yoktu (p>0.05). Sensitivite ve spesifisite değerleri sırasıyla sagital PD ağırlıklı görüntülerde medial menisküste %90.62 ve %70.37, lateral menisküste %72.73 ve %77.14, aksiyel PD ağırlıklı görüntülere karşılık gelen medial menisküste %97.30 ve %84, lateral menisküste %95.65 ve %80.56 idi. Sagital PD ağırlıklı görüntülerde saptanan menisküs yırtıkları artroskopide saptanan yırtık tiplerine göre sınıflandırıldı. Artroskopi sonuçları ile aksiyel PD ağırlıklı görüntülerde sınıflandırılan yırtık tipleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05).Sonuçta aksiyel 1 mm PD ağırlıklı MR görüntüleme, cerrahi prosedür kararları açısından önemli olan menisküs yırtıklarının saptanmasında ve özellikle sınıflandırılmasında sensitivite ile spesifiteyi arttırır.Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of axial 1mm proton density (PD) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for meniscal tear detection and classification.We prospectively assessed preoperative MR images of 50 patients (36 men, 14 women; age range 18-62 years) before artroscopy with clinically suspected meniscal tear. Images were independently reviewed for identification of meniscal tears by two musculoskeletal radiologists for consensus blinded to arthroscopic findings. Sequences for meniscal evaluation included axial fat-saturated (FS) fast spin-echo (FSE) proton density (PD) weighted with 1 mm slice thicknesses and sagittal FS FSE PD weighted with 3 mm slice thicknesses. First, we compared the diagnostic performance for meniscal tears by sagittal and axial PD weighted imaging based on a 5-point scale. Second, we compared the correlation of tear types presumed from sagittal and axial PD weighted imaging to arthroscopy. Tears were classified on sagittal and axial PD weighted images, seperately. Findings were compared statistically with artroscopy results which is accepted as standard of reference.Totally 62 tears (39 medial meniscus, 23 lateral meniscus) were detected with artroscopy. No significant difference was found between sagittal and axial PD weighted images findings and artroscopic findings for meniscal tear detection (p>0.05). Sensitivity and specificity values for medial meniscus on sagittal PD weighted images were 90.62% and 70.37%; for lateral meniscus, 72.73% and 77.14%. Corresponding values for axial PD weighted images were 97.30% and 84% for medial meniscus and 95.65% and 80.56% for lateral meniscus, respectively. Meniscal tears detected in the sagittal PD weighted was classified according to type of rupture detected by artroscopy. There was no significant difference between artroscopy results and classification of tear on axial PD weighted image (p>0.05).In conclusion, axial 1 mm PD weighted MR image increases sensitivity and specificity of meniscal tear detection and especially classification which is important for surgical procedure decisions

Intra-Articular ganglion cyst of the posterior cruciate ligament: A case report

Gangliyon kistleri etyolojisi bilinmeyen; jel kıvamında, visköz, sarımsı renkte sıvı içeren kistik lezyonlardır. Sıklıkla el, el bileği ve ayaklarda görülürler. Dizin intra-artiküler gangliyon kisti nadirdir ve arka çapraz bağdan kaynaklanan kistler ön çapraz bağ kistlerine göre daha az görülür. Arka çarpraz bağdan köken alan gangliyon kistinin karakteristik özelliklerini, eklem içi yapılarla ilişkisini ve preoperatif de- ğerlendirmesini en iyi ortaya koyan tanısal ve güvenilir metot manyetik rezonans görüntülemedir. Bu yazıda; manyetik rezonans görüntülemede saptanan, intra-artiküler yerleşimli nadir rastlanan arka çapraz bağ gangliyon kisti olgusu sunulmaktadır.Ganglion cysts of unknown etiology are cystic lesions that contain gel consistency, viscous, yellowish liquid. They are usually seen on hand, elbow and feet. Intra-articular ganglion cyst of the knee is rare and the cysts arising from the posterior cruciate ligament are less common than cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best and reliable diagnostic method of displaying the characteristic features of ganglion cyst originating from the posterior cruciate ligament, the relationship between intraarticular structures and the preoperative assessment. In this article, a rare case of ganglion cyst of the posterior cruciate ligament which is located intra-articular that is determined by magnetic resonance imaging is presented

Investigation of Surface Morphology of Drilled Cfrp Plates and Optimization of Cutting Parameters

In this study, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite material was drilled using different parameters (118° and 140° Point Angle, 30, 60 and 90m min-1 cutting speed and 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10mmrev-1 feed rate). Experimental parameters were designed according to full factorial design method and the results were analyzed using Taguchi L18 experimental design. The results of the study show that the lowest surface roughness values are 0.1958 and 0.1945?m with the cutting speed of 90 mmin-1 and feed rate of 0.06mrev-1 in the Point angles of 11° and 140°, respectively. When the results of Anova analysis were evaluated, parameters (feed speed, cutting speed and end point angle) according to the effect ratios on surface roughness were formed at the rates of 41.06%, 33.13% and 5.07%, respectively. The most suitable parameters according to S/N ratios were determined using A2B3C1 factors for the average surface roughness. © 2020 World Scientific Publishing Company

An assessment of slap type 5 lesions using proton density oblique sagittal imaging in magnetic resonance arthrography

Background Bankart lesions accompany superior labrum anteroposterior (SLAP) lesions; these are called SLAP type 5. Purpose To compare SLAP type 5 lesions using routine magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) and thin-slice oblique sagittal proton density (PDW) sequences and correlation operation results. Material and Methods In total, 181 patients were admitted with shoulder instability. The study was completed with 44 patients. The presence or absence of isolated Bankart and SLAP type 5 lesions in routine MRA and PDW oblique sagittal images were evaluated separately. Absence of rupture scored 0 points, suspected ruptures scored 1 point, and apparent ruptures scored 2 points. The two scores were compared with the shoulder arthroscopy findings. Results According to the findings in the shoulder arthroscopy, 40 patients had Bankart lesions and 17 patients had accompanying SLAP type 5 lesions. To detect a Bankart lesion, there was no significant difference between routine MRA sequences and PDW oblique sagittal images (P = 0.061). Routine MRA sensitivity was 95%, specificity 25%, positive predictive value (PPV) 92%, negative predictive value (NPV) 33%, while for PDW oblique sagittal images, sensitivity was 75%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, and NPV 28.5%. In 8/17 type 5 SLAP lesions, routine MRA detected sensitivity 47%, specificity 92.6%, PPV 80%, and NPV 73.5%; in 14/17 SLAP type 5 lesions, PDW oblique sagittal images detected sensitivity 82%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, and NPV 90% (P = 0.015). Conclusion The PDW oblique sagittal images may play a significant role in assessing the anterior and superior extent of the tears

Tunneled peritoneal catheter placement in palliation of malignant ascites: A study with two different types of catheters

Objective(s). Malignant ascites (MA) is abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity and has negative effects on the quality of life. The purpose of this retrospective study is to explore feasibility, safety and efficacy of tunneled peritoneal catheter placement using both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis catheters in the palliation of MA. Methods. Between October 2013-June 2016, thirty patients with resistent MA underwent tunneled peritoneal catheterisation in our interventional radiology department. Tunneled peritoneal catheter (TPC) was placed in 22 (n=22/30; %73) patients, tunneled hemodialysis catheter (THC) was placed in 8 patients (n=8/30; %27). Routine visits were scheduled for months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 of the catheterization, and the records were evaluated retrospectively. Results. The overall duration of catheterization varied from 2 to 334 days (mean 66.4 +/- 68.5, median: 57 days). Catheters remained intact in 29 patients (96.7%) until the endpoint. There was one (3.3%) malfunctioning catheter among both groups. Overall, four patients developed infection, which were classified into major (n=2/30, %6.7) and minor (n=2/30, %6.7) complications according to SIR criteria. Conclusion. Tunneled peritoneal catheterization using both TPCs and THCs provided a safe method with relatively high patency, and low infection and systemic complication rates in the palliation of MA

Evaluation of mono or mixed cultures of lactic acid bacteria in type II sourdough system

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mono and mixed lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cultures to determine suitable LAB combinations for a type II sourdough system. In this context, previously isolated sourdough LAB strains with antimicrobial activity, which included Lactobacillus plantarum PFC22, Lactobacillus brevis PFC31, Pediococcus acidilactici PFC38, and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis PFC80, were used as mono or mixed culture combinations in a fermentation system to produce type II sourdough, and subsequently in bread dough production. Compared to the monoculture fermentation of dough, the use of mixed cultures shortened the adaptation period by half. In addition, the use of mixed cultures ensured higher microbial viability, and enhanced the fruity flavor during bread dough production. It was determined that the combination of L. plantarum PFC22 + P. acidilactici PFC38 + L. sanfranciscensis PFC80 is a promising culture mixture that can be used in the production of type II sourdough systems, and that may also contribute to an increase in metabolic activity during bread production process. © 2016, Copyright © Taylor ; Francis Group, LLC