El arte de enseñar a leer

Enseñar a leer hoy día se ha mantenido como una práctica mecánica y memorística, carente de sentido y de significado; por los cual los docentes encargados del primer nivel de educación, suelen condicionar sus prácticas de enseñanza a las exigencias del sistema educativo y a los métodos utilizados a lo largo de la historia de la educación. En otras palabras, en pleno siglo XXI la enseñanza de la lectura se sigue atando a la repetición y a la memorización de sílabas y oraciones sin sentido. Por lo anterior, el proyecto gira en torno a las prácticas de enseñanza utilizadas por las docentes de ciclo I pre-escolar, para enseñar a leer y busca incidir de manera directa en dichas prácticas con el fin de generar cambios de mejora en cuanto a los resultados y la interiorización del proceso de lectura. De este modo se guió y se utilizó la investigación cualitativa, donde prima el hecho de identificar y obtener cambios a nivel de actitud, de prácticas pedagógicas y consolidación de aprendizaje; el enfoque de la investigación es la investigación-Acción-participante, teniendo en cuenta que fuimos participes y orientadores activos a lo largo de todo el desarrollo del proyecto. La propuesta se llevó a cabo en el Colegio Campestre Colombo Británico y en el Jardín Infantil Las vocales, de los municipios de Zipaquirá y Tabio respectivamente

El arte de enseñar a leer

Enseñar a leer hoy día se ha mantenido como una práctica mecánica y memorística, carente de sentido y de significado; por los cual los docentes encargados del primer nivel de educación, suelen condicionar sus prácticas de enseñanza a las exigencias del sistema educativo y a los métodos utilizados a lo largo de la historia de la educación. En otras palabras, en pleno siglo XXI la enseñanza de la lectura se sigue atando a la repetición y a la memorización de sílabas y oraciones sin sentido. Por lo anterior, el proyecto gira en torno a las prácticas de enseñanza utilizadas por las docentes de ciclo I pre-escolar, para enseñar a leer y busca incidir de manera directa en dichas prácticas con el fin de generar cambios de mejora en cuanto a los resultados y la interiorización del proceso de lectura. De este modo se guió y se utilizó la investigación cualitativa, donde prima el hecho de identificar y obtener cambios a nivel de actitud, de prácticas pedagógicas y consolidación de aprendizaje; el enfoque de la investigación es la investigación-Acción-participante, teniendo en cuenta que fuimos participes y orientadores activos a lo largo de todo el desarrollo del proyecto. La propuesta se llevó a cabo en el Colegio Campestre Colombo Británico y en el Jardín Infantil Las vocales, de los municipios de Zipaquirá y Tabio respectivamente

Aplicar estrategias psicosociales lúdicas y potenciar la influencia de la estructura familiar para evitar que los alumnos del grado 4° de primaria de la Institución educativa Caracas del barrio Boston de Medellín, sigan presentando comportamientos agresivos.

TablasEl proyecto se basó en buscar estrategias para contrarrestar el comportamiento agresivo de los alumnos del grado 4° de primaria de la Institución Educativa Caracas de Medellín, tomando como base la familia en donde se trabajó en conjunto con la institución Educativa implementando muchas y diferentes actividades para mejorar el acompañamiento familiar a estos niños y así lograr un cambio en sus comportamientos, fueron muy positivos los logros alcanzados y el nivel académico de estos niños mejoró excelentemente en conjunto con sus conductas. Los padres también tuvieron grandes y positivos cambios en la forma de guiar a sus hijos, con buenas pautas de relacionales.The project was based on finding strategies to counter aggressive behavior graders 4th Primary of School Caracas Medellin based family where he worked with the school implemented many different activities improve family support these children and achieve a change in their behavior, were very positive achievements and the academic level of these children improved excellently together with their behavior. Parents also had great and positive changes in how to guide their children, with good relational guidelines

Caracterización biofísica de los sistemas de producción y estudio socioeconómico de los núcleos agroforestales de los municipios de Puerto Asis, Puerto Caicedo, Villagarzón, Orito, San Miguel y Valle del Guamuez del departamento de Putumayo

En el departamento del Putumayo convergen una serie de circunstancias políticas y socioeconómicas que redundan en la inestabilidad de la actividad agropecuaria y su poca contribución al desarrollo regional. Muchos son los esfuerzos adelantados por el estado para mejorar la situación, sin embargo los resultados no han sido los mas alentadores. La realidad del potencial agropecuario de esta región se encuentra sobredimensionada, y continuamente se impulsan programas y proyectos agropecuarios sin que el impacto sea el esperado, quizás no se consideran las restricciones de orden ambiental, ni se tienen en cuenta las oportunidades dadas por el medio, así como la oferta ambiental.Corporación Nacional de Investigación y Fomento Forestal - CONIF‎‎Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVI

Incidence and clinical manifestations of giant cell arteritis in Spain: results of the ARTESER register

Objective This study aimed to estimate the incidence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in Spain and to analyse its clinical manifestations, and distribution by age group, sex, geographical area and season.Methods We included all patients diagnosed with GCA between 1 June 2013 and 29 March 2019 at 26 hospitals of the National Health System. They had to be aged >= 50 years and have at least one positive results in an objective diagnostic test (biopsy or imaging techniques), meet 3/5 of the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria or have a clinical diagnosis based on the expert opinion of the physician in charge. We calculated incidence rate using Poisson regression and assessed the influence of age, sex, geographical area and season.Results We identified 1675 cases of GCA with a mean age at diagnosis of 76.9 +/- 8.3 years. The annual incidence was estimated at 7.42 (95% CI 6.57 to 8.27) cases of GCA per 100 000 people >= 50 years with a peak for patients aged 80-84 years (23.06 (95% CI 20.89 to 25.4)). The incidence was greater in women (10.06 (95% CI 8.7 to 11.5)) than in men (4.83 (95% CI 3.8 to 5.9)). No significant differences were found between geographical distribution and incidence throughout the year (p=0.125). The phenotypes at diagnosis were cranial in 1091 patients, extracranial in 337 patients and mixed in 170 patients.Conclusions This is the first study to estimate the incidence of GCA in Spain at a national level. We found a predominance among women and during the ninth decade of life with no clear variability according to geographical area or seasons of the year

Associated factors to serious infections in a large cohort of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus from Lupus Registry (RELESSER).

Objective: To assess the incidence of serious infection (SI) and associated factors in a large juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) retrospective cohort. Methods: All patients in the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) who meet =4 ACR-97 SLE criteria and disease onset <18 years old (jSLE), were retrospectively investigated for SI (defined as either the need for hospitalization with antibacterial therapy for a potentially fatal infection or death caused by the infection). Standardized SI rate was calculated per 100 patient years. Patients with and without SI were compared. Bivariate and multivariate logistic and Cox regression models were built to calculate associated factors to SI and relative risks. Results: A total of 353 jSLE patients were included: 88.7% female, 14.3 years (± 2.9) of age at diagnosis, 16.0 years (± 9.3) of disease duration and 31.5 years (±10.5) at end of follow-up. A total of 104 (29.5%) patients suffered 205 SI (1, 55.8%; 2-5, 38.4%; and =6, 5.8%). Incidence rate was 3.7 (95%CI: 3.2–4.2) SI per 100 patient years. Respiratory location and bacterial infections were the most frequent. Higher number of SLE classification criteria, SLICC/ACR DI score and immunosuppressants use were associated to the presence of SI. Associated factors to shorter time to first infection were higher number of SLE criteria, splenectomy and immunosuppressants use. Conclusions: The risk of SI in jSLE patients is significant and higher than aSLE. It is associated to higher number of SLE criteria, damage accrual, some immunosuppressants and splenectomy

Hydroxychloroquine is associated with a lower risk of polyautoimmunity: data from the RELESSER Registry

OBJECTIVES: This article estimates the frequency of polyautoimmunity and associated factors in a large retrospective cohort of patients with SLE. METHODS: RELESSER (Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Registry) is a nationwide multicentre, hospital-based registry of SLE patients. This is a cross-sectional study. The main variable was polyautoimmunity, which was defined as the co-occurrence of SLE and another autoimmune disease, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, RA, scleroderma, inflammatory myopathy and MCTD. We also recorded the presence of multiple autoimmune syndrome, secondary SS, secondary APS and a family history of autoimmune disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate possible risk factors for polyautoimmunity. RESULTS: Of the 3679 patients who fulfilled the criteria for SLE, 502 (13.6%) had polyautoimmunity. The most frequent types were autoimmune thyroiditis (7.9%), other systemic autoimmune diseases (6.2%), secondary SS (14.1%) and secondary APS (13.7%). Multiple autoimmune syndrome accounted for 10.2% of all cases of polyautoimmunity. A family history was recorded in 11.8%. According to the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with polyautoimmunity were female sex [odds ratio (95% CI), 1.72 (1.07, 2.72)], RP [1.63 (1.29, 2.05)], interstitial lung disease [3.35 (1.84, 6.01)], Jaccoud arthropathy [1.92 (1.40, 2.63)], anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB autoantibodies [2.03 (1.55, 2.67)], anti-RNP antibodies [1.48 (1.16, 1.90)], MTX [1.67 (1.26, 2.18)] and antimalarial drugs [0.50 (0.38, 0.67)]. CONCLUSION: Patients with SLE frequently present polyautoimmunity. We observed clinical and analytical characteristics associated with polyautoimmunity. Our finding that antimalarial drugs protected against polyautoimmunity should be verified in future studies

Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register (RELESSER)

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence, incidence, survival and contribution on mortality of major central nervous system (CNS) involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Patients fulfilling the SLE 1997 ACR classification criteria from the multicentre, retrospective RELESSER-TRANS (Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Register) were included. Prevalence, incidence and survival rates of major CNS neuropsychiatric (NP)-SLE as a group and the individual NP manifestations cere-brovascular disease (CVD), seizure, psychosis, organic brain syndrome and transverse myelitis were calculated. Furthermore, the contribution of these manifestations on mortality was analysed in Cox regression models adjusted for confounders. Results: A total of 3591 SLE patients were included. Of them, 412 (11.5%) developed a total of 522 major CNS NP-SLE manifestations. 61 patients (12%) with major CNS NP-SLE died. The annual mortality rate for patients with and without ever major CNS NP-SLE was 10.8% vs 3.8%, respectively. Individually, CVD (14%) and organic brain syndrome (15.5%) showed the highest mortality rates. The 10% mortality rate for patients with and without ever major CNS NP-SLE was reached after 12.3 vs 22.8 years, respectively. CVD (9.8 years) and organic brain syndrome (7.1 years) reached the 10% mortality rate earlier than other major CNS NP-SLE manifestations. Major CNS NP-SLE (HR 1.85, 1.29-2.67) and more specifically CVD (HR 2.17, 1.41-3.33) and organic brain syndrome (HR 2.11, 1.19-3.74) accounted as independent prognostic factors for poor survival. Conclusion: The presentation of major CNS NP-SLE during the disease course contributes to a higher mortality, which may differ depending on the individual NP manifestation. CVD and organic brain syndrome are associated with the highest mortality rates.Pathophysiology and treatment of rheumatic disease