7 research outputs found

    Dynamique fonctionnelle des protéines: études d'une lipase et d'une protéine A de la membrane externe de bactérie.

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    Understanding the function of proteins and biological systems requires an accurate knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance provide a detailed description of these mechanisms, with an atomic resolution, by providing data on both structures and motions. We investigated two proteins, the lip2 lipase from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and the membrane protein OmpA from the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae. We tried to produce lip2 with uniform and amino-acid specific stable isotope labelling on its functional loop (the lid) for NMR experiments. The homologous recombinant expression in Yarrowia lipolytica turned out to be the most efficient for uniform labelling but failed for specific labelling due to extensive isotope scrambling. We solved the structure of OmpA C-terminal domain by X-ray crystallography, and analyzed its dynamics in solution by NMR (15N relaxation techniques). We characterized its transmembrane N-terminal domain in proteoliposomes by solid state NMR: using state of the art ultra-fast MAS (60 kHz), 1H detection and a 1 GHz spectrometer, we could assign most ÎČ-barrel resonances and establish a NH order parameter profile. In a complementary approach, we used proteolysis to reveal a unique trypsin cleavage site on the extracellular loop 3. Finally, a first characterization of the full-length protein expressed in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli was initiated by solid state NMR on intact outer membranes.La comprĂ©hension de la fonction des protĂ©ines et des systĂšmes biologiques passe par une connaissance fine des mĂ©canismes molĂ©culaires sous-jacents. La cristallographie et la rĂ©sonance magnĂ©tique nuclĂ©aire permettent d’apprĂ©hender ces mĂ©canismes au niveau atomique en fournissant des informations sur la structure et sur la dynamique des macromolĂ©cules biologiques. Nous nous sommes ainsi intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  deux protĂ©ines, la lipase lip2 de la levure Yarrowia lipolytica et la protĂ©ine membranaire OmpA de la bactĂ©rie Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nous avons recherchĂ© des conditions d’expression de la protĂ©ine lip2 marquĂ©e uniformĂ©ment ou spĂ©cifiquement sur une boucle (appelĂ©e « lid ») afin d’en Ă©tudier la dynamique. Des conditions de marquage uniforme Ă  l’azote 15 de lip2 recombinante dans Yarrowia lipolytica ont Ă©tĂ© mises au point, mais le marquage acide aminĂ© spĂ©cifique n’a pu ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ© Ă  cause de phĂ©nomĂšnes de dilution isotopique trop importants dans cette levure. Nous avons rĂ©solu par cristallographie aux rayons X la structure du domaine C-terminal de la protĂ©ine OmpA et Ă©tudiĂ© sa dynamique en solution par RMN (techniques de relaxation 15N). Nous avons caractĂ©risĂ© la dynamique de son domaine N-terminal membranaire reconstituĂ© en liposomes par RMN du solide : en utilisant la rotation Ă  l’angle magique Ă  60kHz et Ă  la dĂ©tection 1H sur un spectromĂštre 1 GHz, nous avons pu attribuer une majoritĂ© des rĂ©sonances du tonneau ÎČ et Ă©tablir un profil de paramĂštre d’ordre des vecteurs NH. Des expĂ©riences de protĂ©olyse mĂ©nagĂ©e ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© par ailleurs un site de coupure unique Ă  la trypsine au sein de la boucle extracellulaire L3. Enfin, une premiĂšre caractĂ©risation de la protĂ©ine complĂšte exprimĂ©e dans la membrane externe d’Escherichia coli a Ă©tĂ© entreprise par RMN du solide sur membranes externes natives

    IntĂ©rĂȘt du cinacalcet dans la prise en charge de l'hypercalcĂ©mie sĂ©vĂšre en prĂ©opĂ©ratoire dans les hyperparathyroĂŻdies primaires : thĂšse prĂ©sentĂ©e pour le diplĂŽme d'État de docteur en mĂ©decine, diplĂŽme d'État, mention D.E.S endocrinologie,

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    MĂ©decine (endocrinologie, diabĂ©tologie et nutrition)L’hyperparathyroĂŻdie primaire se traduit par une hypercalcĂ©mie induite par une sĂ©crĂ©tion autonome de parathormone par une ou plusieurs glandes parathyroĂŻdiennes. Dans sa forme sporadique, la parathyroĂŻdectomie est le traitement de rĂ©fĂ©rence permettant une correction de l’hypercalcĂ©mie et une prĂ©vention des complications au long cours osseuses et rĂ©nales. La prise en charge de l’hypercalcĂ©mie durant la pĂ©riode prĂ©opĂ©ratoire repose principalement sur l’hydratation et l’éviction des aliments riches en calcium. Le cinacalcet est un calcimimĂ©tique indiquĂ© dans les hyperparathyroĂŻdies secondaires ainsi que dans les hyperparathyroĂŻdies primaires pour lesquelles un traitement chirurgical est contre-indiquĂ© ou n’est cliniquement pas envisageable. Dans ce travail rĂ©trospectif, incluant 26 patients dont 17 traitĂ©s par cinacalcet en prĂ©opĂ©ratoire, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© le bĂ©nĂ©fice et la sĂ©curitĂ© d’usage du cinacalcet dans la prise en charge prĂ©opĂ©ratoire d’hypercalcĂ©mie sĂ©vĂšre - 2.95 mmol/l. Une posologie mĂ©diane de 60 mg/jour de cinacalcet s’est traduit par une baisse de -0.44 mmol/l de la calcĂ©mie avec une corrĂ©lation positive entre la posologie de cinacalcet et la baisse de la calcĂ©mie sans risque d’hypocalcĂ©mie durant la pĂ©riode de prise du traitement.ThĂšses et Ă©crits acadĂ©mique

    Protein functional dynamics : studies of a lipase and a bacterial outer membrane protein A

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    La comprĂ©hension de la fonction des protĂ©ines et des systĂšmes biologiques passe par une connaissance fine des mĂ©canismes molĂ©culaires sous-jacents. La cristallographie et la rĂ©sonance magnĂ©tique nuclĂ©aire permettent d'apprĂ©hender ces mĂ©canismes au niveau atomique en fournissant des informations sur la structure et sur la dynamique des macromolĂ©cules biologiques. Nous nous sommes ainsi intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  deux protĂ©ines, la lipase lip2 de la levure Yarrowia lipolytica et la protĂ©ine membranaire OmpA de la bactĂ©rie Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nous avons recherchĂ© des conditions d'expression de la protĂ©ine lip2 marquĂ©e uniformĂ©ment ou spĂ©cifiquement sur une boucle (appelĂ©e " lid ") afin d'en Ă©tudier la dynamique. Des conditions de marquage uniforme Ă  l'azote 15 de lip2 recombinante dans Yarrowia lipolytica ont Ă©tĂ© mises au point, mais le marquage acide aminĂ© spĂ©cifique n'a pu ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ© Ă  cause de phĂ©nomĂšnes de dilution isotopique trop importants dans cette levure. Nous avons rĂ©solu par cristallographie aux rayons X la structure du domaine C-terminal de la protĂ©ine OmpA et Ă©tudiĂ© sa dynamique en solution par RMN (techniques de relaxation 15N). Nous avons caractĂ©risĂ© la dynamique de son domaine N-terminal membranaire reconstituĂ© en liposomes par RMN du solide : en utilisant la rotation Ă  l'angle magique Ă  60kHz et Ă  la dĂ©tection 1H sur un spectromĂštre 1 GHz, nous avons pu attribuer une majoritĂ© des rĂ©sonances du tonneau ? et Ă©tablir un profil de paramĂštre d'ordre des vecteurs NH. Des expĂ©riences de protĂ©olyse mĂ©nagĂ©e ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© par ailleurs un site de coupure unique Ă  la trypsine au sein de la boucle extracellulaire L3. Enfin, une premiĂšre caractĂ©risation de la protĂ©ine complĂšte exprimĂ©e dans la membrane externe d'Escherichia coli a Ă©tĂ© entreprise par RMN du solide sur membranes externes natives.Understanding the function of proteins and biological systems requires an accurate knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance provide a detailed description of these mechanisms, with an atomic resolution, by providing data on both structures and motions. We investigated two proteins, the lip2 lipase from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and the membrane protein OmpA from the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae. We tried to produce lip2 with uniform and amino-acid specific stable isotope labelling on its functional loop (the lid) for NMR experiments. The homologous recombinant expression in Yarrowia lipolytica turned out to be the most efficient for uniform labelling but failed for specific labelling due to extensive isotope scrambling. We solved the structure of OmpA C-terminal domain by X-ray crystallography, and analyzed its dynamics in solution by NMR (15N relaxation techniques). We characterized its transmembrane N-terminal domain in proteoliposomes by solid state NMR: using state of the art ultra-fast MAS (60 kHz), 1H detection and a 1 GHz spectrometer, we could assign most ?-barrel resonances and establish a NH order parameter profile. In a complementary approach, we used proteolysis to reveal a unique trypsin cleavage site on the extracellular loop 3. Finally, a first characterization of the full-length protein expressed in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli was initiated by solid state NMR on intact outer membranes

    Production of stable isotope labelled lipase Lip2 from Yarrowia lipolytica for NMR: Investigation of several expression systems

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    International audienceExtracellular lipase Lip2 from Yarrowia lipolytica is a promising biocatalyst with unusual structural features, as indicated by X-ray crystallography. These features comprise a mobile domain called the lid that controls access to the catalytic site. Conformational rearrangements of the lid have been suggested to regulate lipase enzymatic activities. We used nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate the dynamics of Lip2 by exploring four expression systems, Escherichia colt, cell-free, Pichia pastoris and Y. lipolytica to produce uniformly labelled enzyme. The expression of Lip2 was assessed by determining its specific activity and measuring N-15-H-1 HSQC spectra. Y. lipolytica turned out to be the most efficient expression system. Here, we report the first use of Y. lipolytica as an expression host for the production of uniform stable isotopic labelled protein for further structural and dynamics studies using NMR. (C) 20114 Published by Elsevier Inc

    Local and Global Dynamics in Klebsiella pneumoniae Outer Membrane Protein a in Lipid Bilayers Probed at Atomic Resolution

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    We thank Dr. Lewandowski for providing a Matlab code for simulating 15N R1 values via the website http://www.ens-lyon.fr/crmn/crmn/index.html.International audienceThe role of membrane proteins in cellular mechanism strongly depends on their dynamics, and solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a unique method to exhaustively characterize motions of proteins in a lipid environment. Herein, we make use of advances in H-1-detected MAS NMR to describe the dynamics of the membrane domain of the Outer membrane protein A of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpOmpA). By measuring H-1-N-15 dipolar coupling as well as N-15 R-1 and R-1 rho relaxation rates at fast (60 kHz) MAS and high magnetic field (1 GHz), we were able to describe the motions of the residues of the beta-barrel as a collective rocking of low amplitude and of hundreds of nanoseconds time scale. Residual local motions at the edges of the strands, underscored by enhanced (NT)-N-15 R-1 rho relaxation rates, report on the mobility of the connected loops. In agreement with MAS NMR data, proteolysis experiments performed on the full length KpOmpA as well as on its membrane domain, reconstituted in liposomes or in detergent micelles, revealed in all cases the existence of a unique trypsin cleavage site within the membrane domain (out of 16 potential Lys and Arg sites). This site is located in the extracellular loop L3, showing that it is highly accessible to protein-protein interactions. KpOmpA is involved in cell-cell recognition, for adhesion and immune response mechanisms. The L3 region may therefore play a key role in pathogenicity

    Real-life efficacy and predictors of response to immunotherapy in pituitary tumors: a cohort study

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    International audienceAbstract Objective After temozolomide failure, no evidence-based treatment is available for pituitary carcinomas (PCs) and aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs). To date, only 12 cases treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been published, showing encouraging efficacy. Predictive factors of response are lacking. Here, we aimed to assess the real-life efficacy and predictors of response to ICIs in PCs and APTs. Design and methods This study is a multicentric, retrospective, observational cohort study, including all PCs and APTs treated with ICIs in France up to March 2022. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry and CD8+ T cell infiltration were evaluated centrally. Results Six PCs (four corticotroph and two lactotroph) and nine APTs (five corticotroph and four lactotroph) were included. The real-life efficacy of ICIs was lower than previously published data. Three corticotroph tumors (33.3%) showed partial response, one (11.1%) stable disease, while five (55.6%) progressed. One lactotroph tumor (16.7%) showed partial response, one (16.7%) stable disease, while four (66.7%) progressed. PCs responded far better than APTs, with 4/6 PCs showing partial response compared to 0/9 APTs. Corticotroph tumors responded slightly better than lactotroph tumors. In the four responsive corticotroph tumors, PD-L1 staining was negative and CD8+ T cell infiltration attained a maximum of 1% in the tumor center. Conclusions Confirmation of the presence or absence of metastases is necessary before starting ICIs. After temozolomide failure, ICIs appear as a good therapeutic option for PCs, especially for corticotroph carcinomas. Negative PD-L1 staining and very low CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor center should not preclude ICI administration in corticotroph carcinomas. Significance statement This is the first study to assess the real-life efficacy of ICIs in pituitary carcinomas (PCs) and aggressive pituitary tumors. We also assessed potential predictors of response and are the first to assess the predictive value of CD8+ cell infiltration. We identified the tumor type as a major predictor, ICIs proving far more effective in treating PCs. Our study provides evidence that ICIs are a good option after temozolomide failure for PCs (four of six responded), especially for corticotroph carcinomas (three of four responded). We also provide evidence that negative PD-L1 staining and very low CD8+ cell infiltration in the tumor center should not preclude ICI administration in corticotroph carcinomas. Moreover, our findings point toward the need to systematically perform extension workup before starting ICIs
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