Love Thy Neighbour: Repatriating Precarious Blackfoot Sites

This paper explores responsibility for the care of significant Blackfoot placesparticularly those situated in the province of present-day Alberta. Examples ofsignificant Blackfoot sites are given and the forces that have destroyed many ofthem are recounted. The story of how Blackfoot were removed from their territory toreserves is narrated and the effect of this on Blackfoot knowledge generation andtransfer is interpreted. The forces that destroyed significant sites, since theBlackfoot removal, are described and present-day stresses on the remaining sites arerelated. Pressure to extend hydrocarbon exploration and drilling into protectedwilderness areas are offered as an example. While current legislative and policyinitiatives in Alberta to mandate the inclusion of Blackfoot perspectives in effortsto preserve and protect heritage sites are laudable, this essay offers repatriationas a model for authentic Blackfoot participation in the care of the remaining sitesand the beings who inhabit them. Repatriation acknowledges that these places areanimate beings with whom humans live. In the Blackfoot view, protecting andpreserving places is not enough. Interdependent relationships, like the one betweenhumans and the places and beings that nourish them, must be nurtured throughunimpeded access, continued use, and ceremonies of renewal such as visiting andexchanging of gifts. While Blackfoot acknowledge that the non-Blackfoot newcomersare here to stay, they continue to imagine a future where all that from which theyhave been dispossessed will be repatriated so that they may meet their sacredresponsibilities to their territory and all the beings who dwell there.Le document de recherche porte sur la responsabilité de la protection des lieuxauxquels les Pieds-Noirs sont attachés, en particulier ceux qui sont situés dans laprovince actuelle de l’Alberta. Les auteurs citent plusieurs lieux en exempleet expliquent comment ceux-ci ont été détruits. Ils racontent comment lesPieds-Noirs ont été déplacés de leur territoire vers les réserves et analysent lesconséquences de cet événement sur la production et le transfert du savoir. Ilsdécrivent les forces qui ont détruit d’autres lieux importants depuis leretrait des Pieds-Noirs et les contraintes qui pèsent actuellement sur les lieux quiexistent encore, notamment l’expansion de la recherche d’hydrocarbureset le forage dans des milieux sauvages. Selon les auteurs, les projets de lois et depolitiques en Alberta qui visent à rendre obligatoire l'intégration du point de vuedes Pieds-Noirs aux activités de conservation et de protection des lieuxpatrimoniaux sont louables, mais ils proposent le rapatriement comme modèle departicipation authentique des Pieds-Noirs à la protection des lieux qui restent etdes êtres qui y habitent. Le rapatriement reconnaît que ces lieux sont des êtresanimés avec lesquels les êtres humains coexistent. Pour les Pieds-Noirs, il nesuffit pas de protéger et de conserver des lieux. Les relations d'indépendance commecelles reliant les êtres humains, les lieux et les êtres qui les nourrissent doiventêtre soutenues par un accès libre, une utilisation continue et des cérémonies derenaissance telles que les visites et les échanges de présents. Les Pieds-Noirsreconnaissent que les nouveaux venus non-Pieds-Noirs sont là pour rester mais ilscontinuent d’imaginer un avenir où tout ce dont on les a dépossédés reviendraau même endroit afin de pouvoir remplir leurs devoirs sacrés envers leur territoireet tous les êtres qui y vivent

A Source for Feature-Based Attention in the Prefrontal Cortex

SummaryIn cluttered scenes, we can use feature-based attention to quickly locate a target object. To understand how feature attention is used to find and select objects for action, we focused on the ventral prearcuate (VPA) region of prefrontal cortex. In a visual search task, VPA cells responded selectively to search cues, maintained their feature selectivity throughout the delay and subsequent saccades, and discriminated the search target in their receptive fields with a time course earlier than in FEF or IT cortex. Inactivation of VPA impaired the animals’ ability to find targets, and simultaneous recordings in FEF revealed that the effects of feature attention were eliminated while leaving the effects of spatial attention in FEF intact. Altogether, the results suggest that VPA neurons compute the locations of objects with the features sought and send this information to FEF to guide eye movements to those relevant stimuli

Mechanism of worsening diabetic retinopathy with rapid lowering of blood glucose: the synergistic hypothesis

Insulin treatment has been associated with a paradoxical worsening of diabetes retinopathy since many years in European cohorts. Recently, this issue has been stressed by some studies conducted in other parts of the world. However, the mechanism underlying such evolution is not well understood. An osmotic theory has been evocated but failed to explain the clinical features of the disease. Considering recent findings from basic and clinical research, we discuss the possibility of a synergistic hypothesis based on the simultaneous action of insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor on eye blood vessels. We postulate that exogenous insulin could act synergistically with the vascular endothelial growth factor expressed by ischemic retina so as to trigger vascular proliferation and the worsening of diabetes retinopathy

Production of the virus-like particles of nipah virus matrix protein in Pichia pastoris as diagnostic reagents

The matrix (M) protein of Nipah virus (NiV) is a peripheral protein that plays a vital role in the envelopment of nucleocapsid protein and acts as a bridge between the viral surface and the nucleocapsid proteins. The M protein is also proven to play an important role in production of virus-like particles (VLPs) and is essential for assembly and budding of NiV particles. The recombinant M protein produced in Escherichia coli assembled into VLPs in the absence of the viral surface proteins. However, the E. coli produced VLPs are smaller than the native virus particles. Therefore, the aims of this study were to produce NiV M protein in Pichia pastoris, to examine the structure of the VLPs formed, and to assess the potential of the VLPs as a diagnostic reagent. The M protein was successfully expressed in P. pastoris and was detected with anti-myc antibody using Western blotting. The VLPs formed by the recombinant M protein were purified with sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). Immunogold staining and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the M protein assembled into VLPs as large as 200 nm. ELISA revealed that the NiV M protein produced in P. pastoris reacted strongly with positive NiV sera demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic reagent

The Effect of Student-Run Vision Screenings on Ophthalmic Education and Recognition of Visual Impairment

Objective: For many in the United States, standard health insurance does not cover eyecare, leading to lapses in care and exacerbations of pre-existing conditions. Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (TouroCOM) recognizes the importance of ocular health and offers the opportunity to engage the community through student-run vision screenings. This study aims to assess the effect of medical student-run vision screenings in supplementing pre-clinical education and to review health fair data on common vision pathologies seen in Harlem, New York.Methods: Pre- and post-surveys were administered to medical student volunteers to assess their comfort in performing a basic vision screening. Training was given in regards to screening protocols and applied at health fairs.Results: 90% of medical students (n=20) indicated discomfort in performing a basic vision screening when solely relying on their preclinical coursework. In comparison, after a training session and use during a health fair, 100% (n=20) indicated that they were comfortable with performing a vision screening.  60% of health fair participants (n=193) met referral criteria in requiring further testing or follow-up care. 100% of participants had some degree of refractive error, with 6% (n=7) having concomitant color vision abnormality and 9% (n=11) with macular abnormalities.Conclusion: Osteopathic medical students are better equipped to perform basic vision screenings and recognize visual disease with additional training and practice at health fairs. This engagement allows for early clinical experience, osteopathic outreach, and interprofessionalism. Furthermore, this provides an opportunity for community members to receive information that may guide future health decisions

Production of long helical capsid of Nipah virus by Pichia pastoris.

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of Nipah virus (NiV) produced in a recombinant host can replace the use of inactivated virus as a diagnostic reagent because it is safer and affordable. The aim of this study was to express the N protein in Pichia pastoris. The N gene of NiV was cloned into the yeast expression vector, pPICZ B and expressed in P. pastoris. The recombinant N protein of NiV was purified using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and was confirmed with Western blotting using rabbit anti-N antibody. The P. pastoris expressed N protein self-assembled into helical structures as large as 1.5 μm as shown in an electron micrograph. ELISA analysis performed with the swine sera obtained during the viral outbreak proved that the recombinant N protein to be highly antigenic. The NiV N protein produced in P. pastoris serves as an alternative to the recombinant N protein produced in Escherichia coli

A model based on the combination of ifn-γ, ip-10, ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin d for discriminating latent from active tuberculosis in children

Altres ajuts: This work was supported by grants from: (i) the Isolana Foundation, (ii) the Maria Francisca de Roviralta Foundation expedient AT/MA 1-19/07/2017, AT/MA 70-27/04/2016, and AT/MA 3-22/10/2014 and (vi) Fundació Recerca i Docència Mútua Terrassa.In recent years, pediatric research on tuberculosis (TB) has focused on addressing new biomarkers with the potential to be used as immunological non-sputum-based methods for the diagnosis of TB in children. The aim of this study was to characterize a set of cytokines and a series of individual factors (ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parasite infections, and nutritional status) to assess different patterns for discriminating between active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) in children. The levels of 13 cytokines in QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) supernatants were analyzed in 166 children: 74 with active TB, 37 with LTBI, and 55 uninfected controls. All cytokines were quantified using Luminex or ELISA. Ferritin and 25(OH)D were also evaluated using CLIA, and Toxocara canis Ig-G antibodies were detected with a commercial ELISA kit. The combination of IP-10, IFN-γ, ferritin, and 25(OH)D achieved the best diagnostic performance to discriminate between active TB and LTBI cases in children in relation to the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.955 (confidence interval 95%: 0.91-1.00), achieving optimal sensitivity and specificity for the development of a new test (93.2 and 90.0%, respectively). Children with TB showed higher ferritin levels and an inverse correlation between 25(OH)D and IFN-γ levels. The model proposed includes a combination of biomarkers for discriminating between active TB and LTBI in children to improve the accuracy of TB diagnosis in children. This combination of biomarkers might have potential for identifying the onset of primary TB in children

Possible futures for groundwater in Burkina Faso under a changing climate

This narrative describes three possible future scenarios for water resources in Burkina Faso and the human and socio-economic impacts that might be experienced by people living in rural areas. The narratives aim to stimulate discussion towards realistic policy responses and the decision support tools needed to assist future planning needs. It is important to recognise that the scenarios do not represent every possible outcome projected by hydroclimate models, and resulting impacts will be contextualised by local circumstances. See here for information about BRAVE (www.walker.ac.uk) and the UPGro programme: upgro.org/consortium/brave2/