Correction: Ramakrishnan et al. The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 11387

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the original publication [...

Cu (59; 24.37 & 80.96; 47.72 mg/kg -1 ), Fe (2207.33; 1590.33 & 2207.33; 1354.33 mg/kg -1 ), Ca (4548; 2732 & 64.99; 31.75 mg/kg -1 )

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the physicochemical properties of mine soil. The waste dumps of magnesite (pH 8.19

The dynamism of transposon methylation for plant development and stress adaptation

Correction: Ramakrishnan et al. The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 11387 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214107Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure, gene expression, and phenotypic plasticity; these alterations can provide the plant with protection from environmental stresses. During plant growth and development, these processes play a significant role in regulating gene expression to remodel chromatin structure. These epigenetic alterations are mainly regulated by transposable elements (TEs) whose abundance in plant genomes results in their interaction with genomes. Thus, TEs are the main source of epigenetic changes and form a substantial part of the plant genome. Furthermore, TEs can be activated under stress conditions, and activated elements cause mutagenic effects and substantial genetic variability. This introduces novel gene functions and structural variation in the insertion sites and primarily contributes to epigenetic modifications. Altogether, these modifications indirectly or directly provide the ability to withstand environmental stresses. In recent years, many studies have shown that TE methylation plays a major role in the evolution of the plant genome through epigenetic process that regulate gene imprinting, thereby upholding genome stability. The induced genetic rearrangements and insertions of mobile genetic elements in regions of active euchromatin contribute to genome alteration, leading to genomic stress. These TE-mediated epigenetic modifications lead to phenotypic diversity, genetic variation, and environmental stress tolerance. Thus, TE methylation is essential for plant evolution and stress adaptation, and TEs hold a relevant military position in the plant genome. High-throughput techniques have greatly advanced the understanding of TE-mediated gene expression and its associations with genome methylation and suggest that controlled mobilization of TEs could be used for crop breeding. However, development application in this area has been limited, and an integrated view of TE function and subsequent processes is lacking. In this review, we explore the enormous diversity and likely functions of the TE repertoire in adaptive evolution and discuss some recent examples of how TEs impact gene expression in plant development and stress adaptation.Peer reviewe

Correction: Ramakrishnan et al. The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 11387

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the original publication [...

The Dynamism of Transposon Methylation for Plant Development and Stress Adaptation

Plant development processes are regulated by epigenetic alterations that shape nuclear structure, gene expression, and phenotypic plasticity; these alterations can provide the plant with protection from environmental stresses. During plant growth and development, these processes play a significant role in regulating gene expression to remodel chromatin structure. These epigenetic alterations are mainly regulated by transposable elements (TEs) whose abundance in plant genomes results in their interaction with genomes. Thus, TEs are the main source of epigenetic changes and form a substantial part of the plant genome. Furthermore, TEs can be activated under stress conditions, and activated elements cause mutagenic effects and substantial genetic variability. This introduces novel gene functions and structural variation in the insertion sites and primarily contributes to epigenetic modifications. Altogether, these modifications indirectly or directly provide the ability to withstand environmental stresses. In recent years, many studies have shown that TE methylation plays a major role in the evolution of the plant genome through epigenetic process that regulate gene imprinting, thereby upholding genome stability. The induced genetic rearrangements and insertions of mobile genetic elements in regions of active euchromatin contribute to genome alteration, leading to genomic stress. These TE-mediated epigenetic modifications lead to phenotypic diversity, genetic variation, and environmental stress tolerance. Thus, TE methylation is essential for plant evolution and stress adaptation, and TEs hold a relevant military position in the plant genome. High-throughput techniques have greatly advanced the understanding of TE-mediated gene expression and its associations with genome methylation and suggest that controlled mobilization of TEs could be used for crop breeding. However, development application in this area has been limited, and an integrated view of TE function and subsequent processes is lacking. In this review, we explore the enormous diversity and likely functions of the TE repertoire in adaptive evolution and discuss some recent examples of how TEs impact gene expression in plant development and stress adaptation

Current strategies and prospects in algae for remediation and biofuels: an overview

Phycoremediation is an environmentally sustainable method that utilizes macro and microalgae to remediate polluted land and water. Phycoremediation consists of two elements: the microbial niche around the algae and the second by the algae itself, which absorb and degrade the toxic pollutants into less or non-toxic components. The advanced gene cloning technology on algae could improve gene efficiency and produce the active xenobiotic degrading enzyme. As a result, remedial rates have improved, allowing large areas of contaminated sites to be addressed in the process of large-scale application. Many organizations worldwide are already focusing on this bioremediation element, special attention on algae to replace the costly physical or chemical remediation methods. Thus, this review reported the Scenedesmus sp. algae used in the polluted tannery site, and the maximum removal was observed in Pb: 75-98% and Zn: 65-98%. Scenedesmus obliquus illustrated the significant Fe3+ (100%) removal applied in the polluted soil. Moreover, since nuclear and chloroplast transformations are important in commercial applications, C. reinhardtii remains the most effective transgenic algae applied for pollutant deduction. It was discovered that Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, and Scenedesmus sp. had the highest pollutant removal efficacy in medicine polluted sites. Furthermore, Kirchneriella sp. and Enteromorpha clathrate were observed to have the largest algal oil yield than other algal species.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 51876083; 51776088. Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu High Education Institutions; High-tech Research Key laboratory of Zhenjiang SS2018002info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Assessment of microbial diversity and enumeration of metal tolerant autochthonous bacteria from tailings of magnesite and bauxite mines

The magnesite and bauxite mines are a major source for some minerals and metals. The tailings of these magnesite and bauxite mines contains massive amount of Mn. (3221.2 +/- 6.51 & 7102.8.4 +/- 10.24), Cd (40.95 +/- 2.12 & 892.86 +/- 8.48), Zn (951.08 +/- 4.31 &724.12 +/- 3.18), and Pb (425.8 +/- 5.21 & 812.13 +/- 9.19 mg Kg(-1)) with alkaline and acid pH respectively. In the microbial diversity analysis, the results 8 (Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, Acetobacter methanolicus, T. intermedius, Bacillus cereus, Sulfobacillus acidophilus, Methylobacterium sp, and Thiobacillus ferooxidans) and 12 (Serratia marcescens, Metalogenium symbioticum 1, Metallogenium symbioticum 2, Bacillus alcalophilus, Aminobacter sp, Naumaniella neustonica, Staphylococcus aureus 1, Methylbacillus sp, Pandoraea sputorum, Acenetobacter sp, S. aureus 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria species were isolated from bauxite and magnesite mine tailings. The fungus such as Rhizopus arrhizus, Mucor sp, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp were obtained in both acid and alkaline environment. Among this microbial diversity, P. sputorum and B. cereus (identified through 16S rDNA sequencing) were shown better resistance to these four metals for up to 250 mg L-1. The bacterial diversity indexes, concludes that there was least diverse among the three sites. The evenness/equitability index also conform lower level of variation among these sites. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phycoremediation potential of Chlorella sp. on the polluted Thirumanimutharu river water

Rivers are the most significant natural resources that afford outstanding habitation and nourishment for numerous living organisms. Urbanization and industrialization pollute rivers rendering their water unhealthy for consumption. Hence, this work was designed to find a potential native pollutant removing algae from polluted water. The physicochemical properties of the tested river water such as Electric Conductivity (EC), turbidity, total hardness, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ca, SO2-, and NH3, NO3, NO2, PO4, Mg, F- and Cl- contents were not within the permissible limits. Lab-scale and field-based phycoremediation treatments with the indigenous native microalgal species, Chlorella sp. from the Thirumanimutharu river water sample were set up for 15 days with three different (Group I, II, and III) biomass densities (4 × 104, 8 × 104, and 12 × 104 cells mL-1). Group III of both the lab-scale and field based treatments showed the maximum reduction in the physicochemical parameters compared to the other groups. Further, the group III of the field based study showed an extensive reduction in BOD (34.51%), COD (32.53%), NO3, NO2, free NH3 (100%) and increased dissolved oxygen (DO) (88.47%) compared to the lab scale study. In addition, the trace elements were also reduced significantly. The pollutant absorbing active functional moieties (O-H, CO, and CN) found on Chlorella sp. had been confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study, significant morphological changes on the surface of the treated Chlorella sp. were noticed compared with the untreated Chlorella sp. biomass, which also confirmed the absorption of the pollutants during treatment.Department of Science & Technology (India) SR/FIST/LSI-673/2016; King Saud University RSP-2021/5info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio