Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kualitas Bakteriologis Sumur Gali di Kelurahan Jatibarang Kecamatan Mijen Kota Semarang

Air penting bagi kehidupan, kebutuahn manusia akan air sangat kompleks antara lain untuk keperluan minum, masak, mandi dan mencuci. Persyaratan kualitas air di atur dalam peraturan pemerintah RI nomor 82 tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air. Kelurahan Jatibarang sebagai salah satu Kelurahan di Kecamatan Mijen mempunyai jumlah penduduk, karakteristik lokasi dan kondisi pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih khususnya kondisi sarana yang digunakan untuk keperluan rumah tangga belum memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu ingin mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas bakteriologis sumur gali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Explanatory Research dengan pendekatan Cross sectional Study. Populasi sebesar 220 unit sumur gali dengan sampel sebanyak 48 unit sumur gali. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling. Analisa statistik menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan derajat kemaknaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sumur gali dengan resiko pencemaran rendah 2 unit, sedang 13 unit, tinggi 23 unit dan amat tinggi 10 unit dengan kandungan bakteriologis antara 240/100 ml sampel hingga lebih dari 2.400/100 ml sampel air. Analisa statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kondisi fisik sumur gali serta konstruksi jamban dengan kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali. Tidak ada hubungan antara jarak sumur gali dengan jamban, jarak sumur dengan SPAL,praktik pemakaian sumur gali dengan kualitas bakteriologis air sumur gali. Kata Kunci: Sumur gali, Bakteriologis, Jamban, SPAL 25 buah, 1984 - 2002 Factors related with the bacteriological Quality of Dug well in Jatibarang Village, Mijen Subdistrict Semarang City A water is important for life, the human's necessity of water is very complex, namely for drinking, cooking, taking a bath, washing. The requirement of water quality is arranged is the governmental rules of Indonesia Republic No. 82/2001 about the manajement of water quality and the control of water pollution. Jatibarang village as one of village in Mijen Subdistrict has the population, location characteristict and fulfillment condition of clean water needs espicially the means condition used for household's need have not fulfilled the health requirement yet. The aim of the research is to know the factors related with the bacteriological quality of dug well. The methode used in this research was explanatory research with the approach of crossectional study. The population was in the amount of 220 units dug well with the samples were in the amount of 48 units of dug well. The sampling tecnique used for purposive sampling. The statistical analysis used X2 test with the degree of significancy is 95%. The result of research indicate that the dug well with low pollution risk is 2 units, medium is 13 units, high is 23 units, and very high is 10 units with the amount bacteriologycal is between 240/100 ml until >2400/100 ml of water sample. The statistical analysis indicate that there is a correlation between the physical condition of dug well and the privy construction with the water bacteriologycal quality of dug well. There is no correlation between the distant of dug well and the privy, well's distant with SPAL, the practice of dug well using with the water bacteriologycal quality of dug well. Keyword : Dug well, bacteriologycall, privy, SPA

Exploring spatiotemporal dynamics of urban fires: A case of Nanjing, China

Urban fire occurs within the built environment, usually involving casualties and economic losses, and affects individuals and socioeconomic activities in the surrounding neighborhoods. A good understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of fire incidents can offer insights into potential determinants of various fire events, therefore enabling better fire risk estimation which can assist with future allocation of prevention resources and strategic planning of mitigation programs. Using a twelve-year (2002–2013) dataset containing the urban fire events in Nanjing, China, this research explores the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban fires using a range of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) approaches. Of particular interest here are the fire incidents involving residential properties and local facilities due to their relatively higher occurrence frequencies. The results indicate that the overall amount of urban fires has greatly increased in the last decade and the spatiotemporal distribution of fire events varies among different incident types. The identified spatiotemporal patterns of urban fires in Nanjing can be linked to the urban development strategies and how they have been reflected in reality in recent years

Do Windfall Gains Affect Labour Supply? Evidence from the European Household Panel

We investigate whether workers adjust hours worked in response to windfall gains using data from the European Household Panel. The results suggest that unexpected variation in income has a negative (although small) effect on working hours. In particular, after receiving an unanticipated windfall gain, individuals are more likely to drop out of the labour force and the effects become larger as the size of windfall increases. Furthermore, the empirical findings show that the impact of windfall gains on labour supply: (i) is more important for young and old individuals, (ii) is mostly negative for married individuals with young children, (iii) but can be positive for single individuals at the age of around 40 years.windfall gains, working hours

Automatic Renal Segmentation in DCE-MRI using Convolutional Neural Networks

Kidney function evaluation using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) images could help in diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases of children. Automatic segmentation of renal parenchyma is an important step in this process. In this paper, we propose a time and memory efficient fully automated segmentation method which achieves high segmentation accuracy with running time in the order of seconds in both normal kidneys and kidneys with hydronephrosis. The proposed method is based on a cascaded application of two 3D convolutional neural networks that employs spatial and temporal information at the same time in order to learn the tasks of localization and segmentation of kidneys, respectively. Segmentation performance is evaluated on both normal and abnormal kidneys with varying levels of hydronephrosis. We achieved a mean dice coefficient of 91.4 and 83.6 for normal and abnormal kidneys of pediatric patients, respectively

Penerapan Model Research Based Learning (RBL) dengan Pendekatan Saintifik dalam Peningkatan Pembelajaran IPS pada Siswa Kelas V SDN 1 Sukomulyo Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016

ABSTRAK Sila Ramahwati. PENERAPAN MODEL RESEARCH BASED LEARNING (RBL) DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DALAM PENINGKATAN PEMBELAJARAN IPS PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN 1 SUKOMULYO TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016. Skripsi.FakultasKeguruandanIlmuPendidikanUniversitasSebelasMaretSurakarta. 2016. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah guru belum menggunakan media yang inovatif dan model yang belum mengaktifkan semua siswa. Hasil belajar siswa rendah terlihat dari nilai UTS diperoleh sebanyak 16 siswa (70%) dari 23 siswa yang belum tuntas mencapai KKM 70. Tujuanpenelitianiniadalah(1) mendeskripsikan penerapan model RBLdengan Pendekatan Saintifik; (2) meningkatkan pembelajaran IPS; (3) mendeskripsikan kendala dan solusi. PenelitianinimerupakanPenelitianTindakanKelas (PTK) kolaboratif.Penelitiandilaksanakandalamtigasiklusyang meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi.Subjekpenelitianiniadalahsiswakelas Vyang berjumlah23siswa.Sumber datanyaberasaldarisiswa dan guru. Teknikpengumpulan data menggunakantes, observasi, dan wawancara. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data yang dipergunakanadalahanalisis datakualitatif berupa hasilobservasisertawawancara dankuantitatif berupa nilaihasilbelajarsiswa.Prosedurpenelitiannyamenggunakanmodel Kemmis dan Mc Taggart, secara garis besar model penelitian tindakan kelas meliputi empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, serta refleksi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Penerapan model RBLdengan pendekatan Saintifik terdiri dari enam langkah pembelajaran yaitu: a) Exposure Stage disertai observing, b) Lecturing of Core Knowledge disertai questioning, c) Experience Stage disertai mengumpulkan informasi, d) Intern Report for Feedback disertai associating, e) presentation disertai mengkomunikasikan, f) Final report; (2) penerapan model Research Based Learning dengan pendekatan Saintifik dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran IPS, dibuktikandenganobservasi guru pada siklus I mencapai 72,5%, pada siklus II mencapai 78,33%, dan pada siklus III sudah mencapai 91,33% menyebabkan ketuntasan siswayang mencapainilai KKM (70) yaitu pada siklus I mencapai 67,39%, pada siklus II sudah mencapai 78,94%, dan pada siklus IIImencapai 89,84%; (3) kendala pelaksanaan yaitu: (a) Guru belum memberikan bahan ajar, (b) Guru belum memberikan referensi yang memancing siswa bertanya, (c) Guru belum menjelaskan materi di referensi, dan (d) Guru belum menggunakan bahasa yang sesuai dengan siswa. Adapun solusi dari kendala tersebut adalah a) guru menyediakan bahan ajar cetak sebagai cadangan; b) guru memberikan referensi yang dapat memancing siswa bertanya; c) guru menjelaskan materi terlebih dahulu,dan d) guru mempelajari karakteristik siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini terbukti berhasil meningkatkan pembelajaran IPS. Kata kunci: RBL, Pendekatan Saintifik, Pembelajaran, IP

Evaluation of Deicer Impacts on Pervious Concrete Specimens (Phase II)

This research examined the chemical degradation of pervious concrete due to calcium chloride or magnesium chloride deicers. The project consisted of Phase I, Phase IIa, and Phase IIb. Phase I was previous work where a testing protocol was developed to mimic deicer applications. Phases IIa and IIb are parts of this project. Phase IIa used split tensile testing on Phase I specimens and further evaluated the chemical data from Phase I magnesium chloride applications. Phase IIb repeated the Phase I protocol for a larger number of new ordinary Portland cement specimens and evaluated the impact on strength using the unconfined compressive strength test. The hypotheses were based on complexation and precipitation chemistry. Specimens subjected to calcium chloride showed visible degradation. Specimens exposed to magnesium chloride deicer showed a large increase in loss of calcium ions in Phase I. Both deicers showed a loss in strength compared with a water control in Phase IIb. Results from the split tensile testing were inconclusive. The protocol from Phase I with the unconfined compression test may be an effective testing procedure to determine if different designs might be more resistant to chemical degradation by these two deicing chemicals

Hegel\u27s Circular Epistemology in the Phenomenology of Spirit and the Science of Logic

This thesis concerns the circular epistemology of Hegel\u27s Phenomenology of Spirit and Science of Logic. I argue that these works can be read as epistemologies based on the dialectical structure of their progression. Furthermore, I claim that this dialectical structure is circular. I hold that the epistemology of these works is circular not only because it is anti-foundational, self-justifying, and presuppositionless, but also in these works one instance of knowledge depends on the next for its justification and so on, until the last instance of knowledge returns to the first. Hegel sharply attacks Reinhold in The Difference Between Fichte\u27s and Schelling\u27s System of Philosophy, but changes his mind in the Science of Logic to embrace elements of Reinhold\u27s philosophy. I argue that, through this circular epistemological reading of the Phenomenology of Spirit and the Science of Logic, we can account for Hegel\u27s changing view

Sportliche Betätigung der Bewohner von Ljubljana, der Hauptstadt Sloweniens

In 1995 a questionnaire about sports activity participation was circulated among 202 families as a random sample in Ljubljana. The investigation included 686 persons, at least 8 years old. According to the frequency of participation in a sport activity the sample was divided into three similarly large groups. Regularly active were 36%, occasionally active 34%, and non-active 30%. Looking at the frequency of participation in a sport activity no statistically significant differences between the sexes were found. However, this is the case only in Ljubljana and in other larger towns in Slovenia. In other areas, especially in the rural areas, men are much more active than women. The citizens of Ljubljana are the most active in the following sports: swimming, Alpine skiing, walking and mountaineering, cycling, tennis, jogging and basketball. The results of the questionnaire showed that the citizens would appreciate financial support from the authorities and adequate staffing as well as new (or renewed) sports facilities for swimming, tennis, running - jogging and cycling.Im Jahre 1995 wurde ein Fragebogen über die sportliche Betätigung unter 202 zufällig ausgewählten Familien in Ljubljana verteilt. Die Untersuchung umfasste 686 Personen, mindestens 8 Jahre alt. Die Stichprobe wurde der Häufigkeit seiner Beteiligung am Sport nach in drei Gruppen ähnlicher Große verteilt. Etwa 36% trieben Sport regelmäßig, 34% von Zeit zu Zeit, während 30% nicht aktiv waren. Was die Häufigkeit des Sporttreibens betrifft, wurden keine statistisch bedeutende Unterschiede zwischen Geschlechter gefunden. Doch, das gilt nur für Ljubljana und größere slowenische Städte. In anderen, besonders ruralen Gebieten sind Manner viel aktiver als Frauen. Die Bewohner Lubljanas beteiligen sich am meisten an den folgenden Sportarten: Schwimmen, Skifahren, Wandern, Bergsteigen, Radfahren, Tennis, Jogging und Basketball. Der Fragebogen zeigte, dass die Bewohner eine finanzielle Unterstützung von der Stadtbehörde, sowie adequate Trainer und neue (baw. renovierte) Sportplätze fürs Schwimmen, Jogging, Radfahren und Tennis hochschätzen würden

Sportliche Betätigung der Bewohner von Ljubljana, der Hauptstadt Sloweniens

In 1995 a questionnaire about sports activity participation was circulated among 202 families as a random sample in Ljubljana. The investigation included 686 persons, at least 8 years old. According to the frequency of participation in a sport activity the sample was divided into three similarly large groups. Regularly active were 36%, occasionally active 34%, and non-active 30%. Looking at the frequency of participation in a sport activity no statistically significant differences between the sexes were found. However, this is the case only in Ljubljana and in other larger towns in Slovenia. In other areas, especially in the rural areas, men are much more active than women. The citizens of Ljubljana are the most active in the following sports: swimming, Alpine skiing, walking and mountaineering, cycling, tennis, jogging and basketball. The results of the questionnaire showed that the citizens would appreciate financial support from the authorities and adequate staffing as well as new (or renewed) sports facilities for swimming, tennis, running - jogging and cycling.Im Jahre 1995 wurde ein Fragebogen über die sportliche Betätigung unter 202 zufällig ausgewählten Familien in Ljubljana verteilt. Die Untersuchung umfasste 686 Personen, mindestens 8 Jahre alt. Die Stichprobe wurde der Häufigkeit seiner Beteiligung am Sport nach in drei Gruppen ähnlicher Große verteilt. Etwa 36% trieben Sport regelmäßig, 34% von Zeit zu Zeit, während 30% nicht aktiv waren. Was die Häufigkeit des Sporttreibens betrifft, wurden keine statistisch bedeutende Unterschiede zwischen Geschlechter gefunden. Doch, das gilt nur für Ljubljana und größere slowenische Städte. In anderen, besonders ruralen Gebieten sind Manner viel aktiver als Frauen. Die Bewohner Lubljanas beteiligen sich am meisten an den folgenden Sportarten: Schwimmen, Skifahren, Wandern, Bergsteigen, Radfahren, Tennis, Jogging und Basketball. Der Fragebogen zeigte, dass die Bewohner eine finanzielle Unterstützung von der Stadtbehörde, sowie adequate Trainer und neue (baw. renovierte) Sportplätze fürs Schwimmen, Jogging, Radfahren und Tennis hochschätzen würden