Impact of Mgnregs on Dalit Women: a Case Study of Nagari Mandal in Chittoor District

The study found that Dalit women are facing discrimination in the payment of wages. They are not equally paid to both men and women. Hence, it is suggested that the government should take necessary steps to equal wages to both men and women. The study found that income generation under the MGNREGS was meager. This is due to the low wage rate. Hence, it is suggested that the wage rate should be a hike from Rs.121 to Rs.200 per day as the inflation rate has gone up. Also suggested to link this with market wage rate and make changes accordingly. It is found that most of the Dalit women faced problems in getting employment under the MGNREGS. There are problems at the time of applying for job cards, at the time of issuing job cards, problems in informing about employment, problems in the payment of wages, political involvement, etc. Hence, it is suggested that online facility should be arranged to apply an issue of job cards

A New Optimized Reduced Order Model of High-order Discrete Time Systems and Design

This paper presents a method of designing the Controller for large scale discrete time systems. The Controller is designed via a reduced order model for a given high order system. In the proposed reduction method, the numerator coefficients are obtained using Interpolation criteria while the denominator polynomial is obtained by using, one of the stability preserving methods, the Dominant pole method. An optimised reduced order model is derived with minimum ISE. It has been shown that the control designed for the reduced order model, when applied to the higher order system, improves the performance of the controlled system. The method has been tested by considering typical numerical examples, available in the literature, and the results are found to be satisfactory. Index Terms: Interpolation criterion; control; order reduction; controller simplification DOI: 10.7176/ISDE/11-1-04 Publication date: January 31st 202

Comparative shoot regeneration in diploid and amphidiploid Brassica species and their interspecific hybrids

Shoot regeneration response in interspecific hybrids of Brassica species were assessed in relation to the diploid pollen parents and amphidiploid female parents. Superior regeneration responses were observed in interspecific combinations of B. carinata and B. nigra (BBC), B. juncea and B. campestris (AAB), and B. napus and B. campestris (AAC). Though synthetic B. napus regenerated with a frequency less than that of the better regenerating parent (B. oleracea), higher regeneration response was observed in the hybrid between B. napus and B. campestris. Two triploid combinations of the genetic constitution ABC, one obtained by crossing synthetic B. napus with B. nigra and the other by crossing natural B. juncea with B. oleracea, showed low regeneration responses. The response improved substantially in a tetraploid of the constitution ABBC obtained by crossing B. juncea with B. carinata. Key words: Brassica, alloploids, shoot regeneration

Fish health management and Biosecurity Measures in Marine RAS

Mariculture, especially cage farming of finfish in marine and coastal waters is a highly economically viable culture system in the world, due to its high production and export market value. Recirculation technology is emerging in the marine aquaculture industry due to its unique form of fish farming and is gaining lot of attention all over the world. High density intensive culture of fish in indoor tanks, with a controlled system will be highly beneficial compared to the traditional method of growing fish in open marine waters (cages/raceways/pens etc), where control of environmental conditions is not possible. RAS with proper management will have several advantages such as year round culture, harvest, flexibility in species selection and site of culture, conservation of water, improvement in water quality through filtration and recycling of clean water, reduction in stress and high survival and production of fish as compared to other mariculture systems. But high density production in a confined volume without proper management will always result in disease outbreaks, which leads to economic loss in a short span of time. Consideration of good health management is the most critical part of successful and efficient operation of recirculating systems. Occurrence of diseases in recirculating systems varies between the species and is mainly due to the lack of management practices. In recent years, prevalence and spread of diseases has been increasing enormously in mariculture systems which are caused by a wide range of infections, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan and metazoan parasites; nutritional and environmental problems etc. Many of the marine finfish are encountered with many viral, bacterial and parasitic infections during the culture period, due to several environmental stress conditions and also through horizontal transmission. Hence, a thorough knowledge on diseases and pathogen profiling, surveillance and monitoring programmes and also development and implementation of preventive protocols as better management practices of RAS farming, is the need of the hour. Major common diseases encounter in cultivable marine fish and their management practices are mainly discussed in this chapter

Rotifer culture techniques for marine finfish larval rearing

Rotifers are considered as valuable live food for fish and crustacean larvae because of the small size of the rotifer. Several important characteristics of rotifers have contributed to their usefulness as good prey for active larvae of marine fish Marine rotifers Brachionus spp. are most commonly used for intensive culture of marine finfish larvae in many hatcheries throughout the world

Probiotics in live feed culture: Potential and current perspectives

Probiotics are considered as an excellent tool for microbial management in mariculture. They play a major role in mariculture either to establish optimal microbial communities in live feed cultures or as direct feed supplementation for fish larvae. In the long run, adding probiotics to the raising water of live meals may benefit the larvae in addition to enhancing their quality and quantity. Bioencapsulation of various live feeds, includingcopepods, rotifers, and Artemia, improves the nutritional status and general health of fish. Enrichment of live feed with probiotics has been applied for many years as microbial adjuncts with promising effects on the growth, health and culture environment of aquatic organisms (FAO & WHO, 2002), that resulted in a growing interest in learning about the advantages of probiotics in live feed cultures. Much attention has been devoted to manipulate the composition of the microbial community in order to improve the stability of cultures and mitigate the proliferation of harmful bacteria. Application of probiotics in live feed cultures enhance the density, swimming behaviour and feeding performance of phyto and zooplankton which will be used as feed for fish and shrimp larvae. Aquaculture faces a significant challenge with regard to organic enrichment and nitrogenous wastes which encompass ammonium (NH3 + ) and ammonia (NH3 ) . The present chapter deals with the role of probiotics in mass culture of marine microalgae, rotifers and copepods

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Finerenone using Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation

(−)‐Finerenone is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. It contains an unusual dihydronaphthyridine core. We report a 6‐step synthesis of (−)‐finerenone, which features an enantioselective partial transfer hydrogenation of a naphthyridine using a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst with a Hantzsch ester. The process is complicated by the fact that the naphthyridine exists as a mixture of two atropisomers that react at different rates and with different selectivities. The intrinsic kinetic resolution was converted into a kinetic dynamic resolution at elevated temperature, which enabled us to obtain (−)‐finerenone in both high yield and high enantioselectivity. DFT calculations have revealed the origin of selectivity.<br/

COMPENSATION OF VOLTAGE SAGS WITH TRANSFORMER LESS ACTIVE VOLTAGE QUALITY REGULATOR USING FUZZY CONTROLLER

Change from the rated level in the voltage causes the severe damage to the industries and sensitive loads. If deviation from the rated value is much more, it may be dangerous to the domestic loads also. To avoid this problem so many compensating devices are there in existence. In order to compensate voltage sags in a better way a series connected shunt structured transformer less circuit is designed known as  Active Voltage Quality Regulator with Parasitic Boost Circuit (PB-AVQR) where this may handle deep sags which are up to 50% of the rated values in voltage levels. This design may also help in compensation of deep voltage sags. High operating efficiency is obtained due to application of the DC link voltage adaptive control method. Here in this design the storage devices inductors and capacitors plays an important role in supplying the missing voltage which is necessary to the load stations, when the sag occurs in the system. For achieving the exact compensation of sags the duty ratio of the power electronic devices used in the model is maintained perfect with the use of the FUZZY controller. By using the Fuzzy controller instead of the PI controller in the control circuit fastness of the compensation is much improved and also the efficiency is increased, The THD of the output voltage waveform is much reduced which is more desirable. Simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed circuit

Nutrition and feeding aspects in nursery rearing of marine finfishes

Aquaculture gained its importance as fastest growing food production industry in the world. This sector has provided more fish for human consumption than capture fisheries and it is estimated that by 2030, the major source of fish production for human nutrition will be from aquaculture. The awareness about the fish as a part of healthy diet is well accepted by the majority of the population. Fish and fish products are excellent source of high quality protein. In addition to protein, fish contains all essential amino acids, long chain omega-3 fatty acids, all essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, Zinc, Iron, selenium, iodide; vitamins such as Vitamin A, B and D. More over fish proteins are easily digestible with highest digestibility coefficient of 100. Fish protein with only slight difference among groups, possess high nutrition value similar to that of meat proteins and slightly lower than that of egg