セイネン ノ シャカイテキ イツダツ コウイ ケイコウ ト クウキョカン ニンチテキ ワイキョク ノ カンレン

Recently, crime and delinquency have been changing during adolescence.It is suggested that an obscurity of reality and fiction in the present advanced information society and a feeling of emptiness from anxiety of uneasiness are causes.Nevertheless, there has never been an empirical study providing evidence towards those claims. This study indicates the relation of socially delinquent and emptiness among college students.The socially delinquent was suggested to concerns attitudes of disvalue to the socially delinquent and cognitive distorted(Yoshizawa & Yoshida,2004).Thus,this study tested the relationships between emptiness,cognitive distortion,and social delinquency. Consequently,the suggested model was different in men and women.In men, a direct effect towards apathy and an indirect effect of cognitive distortion to the socially delinquent were found.In addition,a mediating effect of egocentricity of cognitive distortion mediating the association between emptiness from anxiety of uneasiness and the socially delinquent was indicated.In women,a direct effect towards an emptiness from an anxiety of uneasiness to social delinquency and a mediating effect towards a denigrating fallaciousness of cognitive distortion mediating the association between loneliness of emptiness and socially delinquent was indicated

Mammary tissue microenvironment determines T cell-dependent breast cancer-associated inflammation

Although the importance of the host tissue microenvironment in cancer progression and metastasis has been established, the spatiotemporal process establishing a cancer metastasis-prone tissue microenvironment remains unknown. In this study, we aim to understand the immunological character of a metastasis-prone microenvironment in a murine 4T1 breast tumor model, by using the activation of nuclear factor-jb (NF-jB) in cancer cells as a sensor of inflammatory status and by monitoring its activity by bioluminescence imaging. By using a 4T1 breast cancer cell line stably expressing an NF-jB ⁄ Luc2 reporter gene (4T1 NF-jB cells), we observed significantly increased bioluminescence approximately 7 days after metastasis-prone orthotopic mammary fat-pad inoculation but not ectopic s.c. inoculation of 4T1 NF-jB cells. Such in vivo NF-jB activation within the fat-pad 4T1 tumor was diminished in immune-deficient SCID or nude mice, or T celldepleted mice, suggesting the requirement of host T cell-mediated immune responses. Given the fat-pad 4T1 tumor expressed higher inflammatory mediators in a T cell-dependent mechanism compared to the s.c. tumor, our results imply the importance of the surrounding tissue microenvironment for inflaming tumors by collaborating with T cells to instigate metastatic spread of 4T1 breast cancer cells

The Management of Constipation: Current Status and Future Prospects

Chronic constipation, a common condition, can have remarkably negative effects on a patient’s quality of life. Recent research has identified factors that may influence the prognosis of chronic constipation and suggests the need for adequate therapy. However, the major obstacles in this field were: (1) a small number of therapeutic options, (2) no clear diagnostic criteria, and (3) no effective method to collect information form the patients. These were due to the fact that bowel movement patterns vary widely among individuals, and also the functional constipation, including irritable bowel syndrome, is difficult to be distinguished from the chronic constipation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the Rome IV diagnostic criteria of functional constipation and the Bristol stool form scale are useful for the objective evaluation and recording of stool. Based on these developments, and the increase of newly developed medicines the therapy for the constipation is significantly changing and therefore, if conventional therapy for chronic constipation is ineffective, switching of medicines is possible. Therefore, clinicians should update the information of these newly developed drugs available in clinics and diagnostic criteria. For this purpose, in this chapter, we have summarized the perspective on the current paradigm of treatment for chronic constipation focusing on recently introduced therapeutic drugs

Cuticular Hydrocarbon Content that Affects Male Mate Preference of Drosophila melanogaster from West Africa

Intraspecific variation in mating signals and preferences can be a potential source of incipient speciation. Variable crossability between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans among different strains suggested the abundance of such variations. A particular focus on one combination of D. melanogaster strains, TW1(G23) and Mel6(G59), that showed different crossabilities to D. simulans, revealed that the mating between females from the former and males from the latter occurs at low frequency. The cuticular hydrocarbon transfer experiment indicated that cuticular hydrocarbons of TW1 females have an inhibitory effect on courtship by Mel6 males. A candidate component, a C25 diene, was inferred from the gas chromatography analyses. The intensity of male refusal of TW1 females was variable among different strains of D. melanogaster, which suggested the presence of variation in sensitivity to different chemicals on the cuticle. Such variation could be a potential factor for the establishment of premating isolation under some conditions

スイコウ キノウ ガ イカリ カンキジ ノ イカリ ノ テイド オヨビ コウドウ ヨクセイ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of executive functions on the intensity of anger and on the inhibitory control over feelings of anger. The participants comprised 13 undergraduate students (6 males and 7 females). Measures used were the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) for executive functions, the trait and state anger scales for anger, and the go/no-go task for inhibitory control. The participants were divided into two groups (high or low executive functions) on the basis of their average scores (± 1/2 SD) on the BADS. The participants were presented with anger-inducing situations that were made into recorded speech. Then, the anger levels within the presented situations and the inhibitory control that was exhibited after the situations were measured. This study suggested that the average anger levels among the high executive functions group were lower than the anger levels of the low executive functions group. In addition, the anger levels after the go/no-go task were observed to be lower in the high executive functions group than in the low executive functions group. These results suggest a difference in anger levels between the high and low executive functions groups in the same anger-inducing situations as well as after problem solving

Research Trends and Issues Related to Prevention of Infectious Diseases in Early Childhood

本論は，幼児期の健康教育の中でも感染症予防に焦点を当て，近年の研究の動向について，「保育施設における取組みに関する研究」「幼児が実践する感染予防に関する研究」「感染症予防に関する保育者の意識に関する研究」「保育施設と関係機関との連携に関する研究」「保育者養成校における感染症予防教育に関する研究」に分類し考察したものである。幼児を対象とした感染症予防に関する研究成果は，小児保健分野における研究成果が多く，保育実践を対象とした研究は，手洗いに関する論考が散見されるものの，具体的な教育内容や指導法等の実践に直結した研究は未だ進んでいない。感染症対策が強く求められる中で，今後，保育現場の実情に即した様々な観点からの研究の推進が望まれる。In this study, we focused on prevention of infectious diseases (PID) in health education of early childhood, classified into following five researches and discussed recent trends: Research related to 1) approaches in childcare facilities, 2) infection preventive measures undertaken by young children, 3) childcare workers’ consciousness on PID, 4) cooperation between childcare facilities and related institutions, and 5) education for PID in childcare training schools. Many research results in child health have been reported on PID for young children. However, in researches for childcare practice, while handwashing is often discussed, few attempts have been made at a study connected with practices such as concrete educational contents or methods. Because of strong demand for PID, it’s necessary to research from various viewpoints based on the actual circumstances in childcare

Auto-tracking camera for dry-box laparoscopic training

While laparoscopic surgery is less invasive than open surgery and is now common in various medical fields, laparoscopic surgery often requires more time for the operator to achieve mastery. Dry box training is one of the most important methods for developing laparoscopic skill. However, the camera is usually fixed to a particular point, which is different from practical surgery, during which the operational field is constantly adjusted by an assistant. Therefore, we introduced a camera for dry box training that can be moved by surgeons as desired by using computer vision. By detecting the ArUco marker, the camera attached onto the servomotor successfully tracked the forceps automatically. This system could easily be modified and become operable by a foot switch or voice, and collaborations between surgeons and medical engineers are expected

京都市山科区民の家庭ごみの実態と今後のごみ削減に向けた対応への検討

The purpose of this study is to examine the future of household waste in order to create a more comfortable community and to deal with environmental problems. For that purpose, it is necessary to investigate how Kyoto City is dealing with garbage problems and to what degree citizens are disposing of garbage. For this purpose, we conducted a questionnaire survey of Kyoto citizens. Results suggest that it is necessary for citizens to have opportunities to learn about the necessity of waste reduction, and the local situation in Kyoto City. We argue that the method of providing information needs to be reviewed. The city should create a system that allows citizens to access information about waste disposal immediately as the need arises. It will lead to future waste reduction and the promotion of recycling.原著論

Effect of ventilated workwear and working schedule on physiological and psychological responses of construction workers, no. 2: Actual investigation at an active construction site

Although the use of cooling garments to prevent heat disorders has been increasing, the effectiveness of such garments at construction sites (CSs) remains underexplored. We investigated the relationship between the thermal environment at a CS and the physiological and psychological responses of workers wearing/not wearing ventilated work wear (VWW). The study participants were rebar placers and form workers employed at an outdoor CS. The thermal environmental conditions and the physiological and psychological responses of the workers were measured. The overall, chest, and forearm skin temperatures of the workers not wearing VWW were significantly higher than those of workers wearing VWW. To clarify the effects of VWW and working schedules on body weight loss (BWL), the BWL rate was simulated based on the evaporation rate according to a regression formula of measured data in an artificial chamber. The BWL during the late shift was higher than that in the early shift, causing dehydration in the afternoon. To prevent this condition, more water intake is required during the late shift

ASK1-dependent recruitment and activation of macrophages induce hair growth in skin wounds

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein 3-kinase family that activates both c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 pathways in response to inflammatory cytokines and physicochemical stress. We report that ASK1 deficiency in mice results in dramatic retardation of wounding-induced hair regrowth in skin. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that expression of several chemotactic and activating factors for macrophages, as well as several macrophage-specific marker genes, was reduced in the skin wound area of ASK1-deficient mice. Intracutaneous transplantation of cytokine-activated bone marrow-derived macrophages strongly induced hair growth in both wild-type and ASK1-deficient mice. These findings indicate that ASK1 is required for wounding-induced infiltration and activation of macrophages, which play central roles in inflammation-dependent hair regrowth in skin